Zitholele izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili ze-Chekhov enkulu

Ngokuqondene nokulandisa okufushane, U-Anton Chejov iba yindawo eyisethenjwa eyisisekelo yabo bonke labo abathandana nokufushane, nokuhlanganiswa, ngezindaba ezincane kakhulu ezingadlulisa lokho okushiwo umhlaba okusala kulokho okuphakanyiswayo, kulokho okumenyezelwe nje.

Indaba iyikhefu lempilo yomuntu, ukufundwa okuphelele okungakujabulela ohambweni oluya kunoma iyiphi indawo noma njengokuhambisana ngaphambi kokulala. Futhi kulokho kuphelela okufushane U-Chekhov uvela njengengcweti enkulu kunazo zonke. Ukuzinikela kwakho emfushane, njengombhali, kungathathwa njengephuzu elikhungathekisayo. Wonke umbalisi ubonakala ekhomba inoveli yakhe yokugcina, leyo evulela indawo ephelele ephelele futhi eyinkimbinkimbi.

U-Chekhov akakaze abhale inoveli ngomqondo womsebenzi ogqamile futhi ocatshangelwe ngendlela ecacile, ukuthuthukiswa kanye nokuvalwa. Nokho, umsebenzi wakhe uye wasinda kwaze kwaba namuhla ngamandla afana nawanoma yiliphi elinye izwi. Ngokwezinga elinjalo, kanye UTolstoy y UDostoyevsky, iqamba i-trilogy engenakuqhathaniswa yezincwadi zaseRussia nezomhlaba, ngokwahluka nokujula kwayo.

Ukuqala kwayo kwaphawulwa ngesidingo. Ababhali njengohlobo lwababhali bezindaba eziqanjiwe babedingeka kakhulu ngesikhathi sikaChekhov. Lapho esehlanganisiwe, akayekanga ukubhala mayelana nalokhu kafushane, ngombono we-anecdotal, yesehlakalo esisodwa njengokubonakaliswa okuhle kakhulu kokuthi singobani.

Izincwadi ezi-3 ezibalulekile zikaChekhov

Indaba eyisicefe nezinye izinganekwane

Ukuthola i-Chekhov kungena kulezo zinhlobo zezigaba wonke umdali avame ukungena kuzo. Izigaba ezimakwe ngesidingo noma ukusesha. Kulokhu okukhethiwe kuvela izindaba zokuqala ezigcwele amahlaya ahlekisayo, kanye nezinye ezijulile kulokho okukhona.

Isifingqo: I-anthology yezindaba esizethula kuwe ihlanganisa isampula elicebile nelihlukahlukene lobuciko bakhe, kusukela ezindabeni zezinsuku zakhe zakuqala, izingcezu ezimnandi ezihlekisayo, ngaphandle kokuqala noma ukuphela, eziveza ngokuphelele ubuhle beChekhov: ubulula nobufushane, izindaba zichazwa kabanzi kusukela ngesikhathi sakhe sokuvuthwa, kusuka ngo-1886, lapho ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amahlaya okuncipha kwe-Chekhovian melancholy.

Ukukhetha esikunikezayo kwenziwa ngezihloko ezilandelayo: Indaba eyisicefe, uKashtanka, Umlingiswa oyindida, Umfana ogadiwe, Ukunyundelwa, Umdlalo weSweden, Umenzi wobubi, Wenza ihaba inothi ne-Showgirl. Ekuboneni kokuqala, zibukeka njengezingcezu zokuphila ezidlulayo, kepha empeleni zingumphumela wobuciko obuphelele kakhulu.

I-Seagull; odade abathathu; Umalume uVania

Kuthiwa i-melancholy injabulo yokuba nosizi. Indida ukuthi endabeni kaChekhov ihlobene nobuthakathaka bakhe bomzimba kodwa futhi nombono wakhe oyingozi ngezwe lakhe nomhlaba.

Kulezi zindaba unikeza isibonelo esihle sombhali okwazi ukudlulisa imizwa ejulile, ehlanganisiwe, efingqiwe, edlulisa ngempela umuntu ojule kakhulu emhlabeni omiselwe ukuphakamisa impucuko embi kakhulu.

Isifingqo: Le misebenzi emangalisayo isibonisa ukwehla komphakathi waseRussia ophakeme ngaphambi nje kokuwa kwawo. Kulesi simo, abalingisi abaziyo ukuthi banelungelo lokungena esiphithiphithini, basabela ngezindlela ezihluke kakhulu kuye ngobuntu babo: ukunganakwa muntu kanye nokungabaza kulabo babukeli abahlakaniphile nabazwelayo, abakhuthele futhi abangakwazi ukusabela kulezo ezintekenteke kakhulu.

UChekhov ukhombisa emsebenzini wakhe ukungqubuzana kwempilo yezenhlalo yezwe lakhe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye nangaphambi koshintsho lwentando yeningi yonxiwankulu kusuka ngo-1905 kuya ku-1907. Uchaza ngokungenangqondo nangokungenazwela ukwehla okuqhubekayo, kokubili ngokwezomnotho nangokwesiko, kwe-latifundista izicukuthwane, egxile ekuqophelweni kwesigaba sakhe senhlalo.

UChekhov wethule ushintsho olukhulu ezinhlotsheni zemidlalo yeshashalazi, enikeza isenzo esimangazayo isakhiwo esisha esikwazi ukuhlanganisa noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwempilo. Ngokulandelana okulula kwemidwebo yansuku zonke uthola ukuvela okuvamile, kwesinye isikhathi ngamandla amakhulu.

Amanoveli amahlanu amafushane

Maphakathi nendawo kwendaba enwetshiwe kanye ne-newvelle, lezi zikhetho ezinhlanu zabelana ngomqondo wakwalasha womphakathi waseRussia ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nokuzinikela kwabalingiswa endabeni ngayinye.

Ukwehlulwa njengemizwa ehlukahlukene yesiphetho esibekiwe phakathi kokuzola okufile okubonakala sengathi ngezinye izikhathi kufinyelelisa umoya.

Isifingqo: U-Anton P. Chekhov usungule indlela entsha yokulandisa lapho ubude bunganqunywanga izimiso ezijwayelekile, kodwa okuqukethwe kwendaba ngokwayo. Kulezi Amanoveli amahlanu amafushane kukhethwe futhi kwahunyushwa nguVíctor Gallego, sibona noma ikuphi ukuphumelela kwakhe ekuthatheni isikhathi futhi asibonise ngokulandelana, ngaphandle kwekhalenda elilodwa ngaphandle kwalelo elibekwe yizenzo zabalingiswa kanye nokungasebenzi kwabo.

Yonke iyimisebenzi yokuvuthwa: "Indaba eyisicefe" (1889), "iDuel" (1891), "Igumbi lesithupha" (1892), "Indaba yomuntu ongamazi" (1893) kanye "Iminyaka emithathu" (1895).