Izelamani eziqashelwa kakhulu zamaSinger zigxile ekuhlonipheni okunenhlonipho ezincwadini ngolimi lwesi-Yiddish, incwadi eyamiswa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kulelo khulu leminyaka lama-20, umvuthwandaba wokushushiswa nokucwaswa kwamaJuda kusukela ekupheleni kweYurophu kanye nomhlaba.
Kamuva kwafika abanye ababalisi abaningi bezinkulumo ezikude zamaJuda kodwa kakade ngezinye izilimi, njenge Philip Roth noma Paul auster. Kodwa lokho kulandisa okuthi ngisho nasekuhunyushweni kwakho kugcine iphunga elimnandi lobuJuda kwahlala kugxilile kubameleli bokugcina nabakhazimulayo njengabazalwane Abaculayo, ababeholwa u-Isaac.
Izincwadi zakhe zibhekwa njenge-chronovisor yeminyaka eyinkulungwane evela emimoyeni ezulazulayo eshukunyiswa izifiso ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkululeko. Ayikho into evikelwa ngazo zonke izindlela ukwedlula lokho okuzwakala njengokungokwakho uma ephucwa yonke into. Akukho ukuzibophezela okunamandla njengokuphikelela ekuzazini lapho kusongelwa ngokufa.
Kuyisiphetho somuntu esibonakala ngokuphelele ekubeni umJuda nangolimi lwakhe. Yingakho funda ku U-Isaac Bashevis Umculi kungaphezu nje kokufunda.
Izincwadi Eziphezulu Ezi-3 Ezinconyiwe Ngu-Isaac Bashevis Singer
Umndeni wakwaMoskat
"Ukuba" akukona "ukuba", njengoba ephikelela ngokufanelekile ekuhlukaniseni ulimi lwesiSpanishi. Eqinisweni, omunye umqondo uqhelelene ngeminyaka yokukhanya komunye, njengokungathi uzungeza kwezinye izindawo ezingase zibe khona endaweni yonke. Iqiniso lamaJuda emlandweni ukuthi “ubunjalo” obungabhubhi esibuthola kule noveli yezizukulwane ezihlukene njengoba zifana naphezu koshintsho oluhle noma olubulalayo.
Ngoba ngale kwendawo lapho "omunye ekhona", ngaphezu kwawo wonke umonakalo ofunwayo kanye nemizamo yokuqothula, kukhona njalo, kulokhu, ukuba umJuda.
Umndeni wakwaMoskat ungumlando omuhle kakhulu wamaJuda aseWarsaw kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-1939 kuze kube yilapho amaNazi eqala ukuthatha idolobha ngo-XNUMX: ukukhishwa komphakathi nesiko elalizocekelwa phansi, ngaphambi kwenhlekelele.
Kuyo zonke izingqimba zomphakathi oyinkimbinkimbi ogcwele ubuntu obuqinile ziyavela: izazi zefilosofi ezingaqondakali, osomabhizinisi, amaZionist aqinile, orabi bendabuko, abadwebi abancane. Isithombe sale mpucuko, esigibele amasiko asendulo kanye nesimanjemanje, sicebe ngokwedlulele, ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlamvu ezivela ezizukulwaneni ezimbalwa kanye nokuqina ezichazwa ngakho.
Isigqila
Ngisho nesiko elicatshangwa kakhulu kanye nengaphakathi lombhali ofana no-Isaac Singer kungabhekwana nalo kule noveli ngokungqubuzana okuphawuleka kakhulu. Kule noveli yomlando, mhlawumbe yakudala nakakhulu ukwenza umehluko ubonakale kakhudlwana, sicwila ekukhohlisweni okukhazimulayo komuntu ukuze senze yonke into igeleze njengomfula entwasahlobo. Ngaphandle kokuthi akekho umuntu okwazi ukubuka umfula udlula engakulangazeli lokho kugeza okungasoze kuphindeke futhi okuhloswe ukuthi kunqatshelwe abanye.
Amakhulu emiphakathi yamaJuda acekelwe phansi yi-Ukraine Cossacks ngekhulu le-XNUMX ePoland. UJakobe, indoda efundile futhi eqotho, eyisakhamuzi sasedolobheni laseJosefov, ubalekela ukubulawa kwabantu, kodwa uthunjwa izigebengu futhi kamuva wathengiswa njengesigqila kumlimi edolobheni elisezintabeni.
Kulapho, manje oseguqulelwe ekubeni umfana ozinzile, lapho ahlangana khona noWanda, indodakazi yenkosi yakhe, athandana nayo ngokusangana. Kodwa imithetho yangaleso sikhathi, eyabasePoland neyamaJuda, ivimbela uthando lwabo bobabili kanye nomshado wabo.
Isigqila iyinoveli emangazayo eveza ngokunamandla izinsizi zomuntu ofuna ukubalekela izibopho ezinzima ezimbambayo.
Izinganekwane
Ngihlala ngithi. Wonke umbhali kumele abhekane nendaba noma indaba. Kukhona abanye abakuthatha njengenselele yemvelo, njengenqubo ebheke ekulandiseni okude. Abanye, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bafika kamuva, njengesitobha sesikhashana kuze kufike inoveli noma indatshana elandelayo.
Odabeni lukaSinger, indaba ihambe ngokufana, naleyo mvelo yomuntu oyenzela ukuxoxa izindaba kuphela.
I-anthology yezindaba ezingamashumi amane nesikhombisa ezikhethwe umbhali, ummeleli omkhulu wezincwadi zesi-Yiddish, ezihlanganisa izindaba zakhe ezidume kakhulu: "Gimpel the Fool", "The Spinoza on Mercado Street" kanye "nomngane weKafka". phakathi kwabanye.
Izindaba ezingamashumi amane nesikhombisa kule anthology, ezikhethwe nguBashevis Singer ngokwakhe engqikithini ecishe ibe yikhulu namashumi amahlanu, zihlanganisa lezo ezifakwe ehlanganisweni yokuqala neyakudala manje ethi "Gimpel, the fool," kusukela ngo-1957, kanye nalezo ezishicilelwe kwaze kwaba ngu-1981 .
Kuleli culo le-anthology kunezinganekwane ezingaphezu kwemvelo njengokuthi "Táibele y su demonio" kanye "no-El violinista muerto"; izithombe ezingokoqobo zokuphila eWarsaw nase shtetlej kusukela eMpumalanga Yurophu, njengeyakudala ethi "Umngane Kafka" kanye "The Spinoza of Market Street"; kanye nethi “Old Love” kanye nethi “The Reunion”, ezisitshela ngamaJuda asuka kulelo zwe elidala aya kwelisha, esuka e-East Side yaseNew York eya eCalifornia naseMiami.
Ezinye izindaba ezilandisa ngezinganekwane kanye nombono womhlaba ngesiko elabhujiswa phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yesibili. Lawa makhasi enzeka endaweni yonke engaphezu kwemvelo, yasendle, ethandekayo kanjalo nephazamisayo, ethatha okuningi esikweni elidluliselwa ngomlomo lempilo yemiphakathi yamaJuda yasemaphandleni asePoland eminyakeni eyandulela ukugqashuka kwempi, njengasebumnyameni kakhulu. ukuthatheka kanye nokukhathazeka komqondo omangalisayo wombhali wayo.
