Ingcweti yesiPutukezi UJosé Saramago wenza indlela yakhe njengombhali wezinganekwane ngefomula yakhe ethile yokulandisa iqiniso lezenhlalo nezombusazwe lasePortugal naseSpain ngaphansi kwe-prism eguqukayo kodwa ebonakalayo. Izinsizakusebenza eziqashwe ngobuciko njengezinganekwane eziqhubekayo nezingathekiso, izindaba ezicebile nezinhlamvu ezinhle kakhulu ezisindiswe emhlabeni onqotshwe njalo. Kukhonjelwe kubashiqela abanjengoSalazar, eSontweni, ezimfunweni zomnotho ...
I-fatalism kodwa inhloso engangabazeki yokuqwashisa nokuguqula. Izincwadi ezihamba phambili ezinalolo buhle obukhulu bokuphakamisa izindaba ezisikiselayo ngomqondo oqinile wokubhala kuyilapho ngesikhathi esifanayo ziholela ekucabangeni okujulile, ekuvukeni kwamakilasi alahlekile njalo ngenxa yokuthi, ngaphambili, ngenxa yezinqubo zokuguqulwa-mbumbulu noma izinguquko. zamamaski, ngaphandle kokuchitha isikhathi.
Kepha njengoba ngishilo, ukufunda uSaramago kungaba yinjabulo kubo bonke abathakazelayo bezincwadi zokuzijabulisa, kuphela ukuthi emthunzini walo mbhali kukhona, ngaphezu kwezindaba eziphilayo, ubuhle obuhle nesizinda esihlala sixhumana nezepolitiki kanye nomphakathi ngomqondo wayo obanzi.
3 amanoveli anconyiwe nguJosé Saramago
Unyaka wokushona kukaRicardo Reis
U-Saramago uphendukela kwelinye lama-heteronyms e-Pessoa ukuze anqobe ukufa kwembongi ehlakaniphile. Ngenkathi uPessoa eshiya lo mhlaba, uRicardo Reis ufika ePortugal. Isithombe simane sikhazimula, futhi ezandleni zikaSaramago isiphakamiso esilandisayo sifinyelela ukuphakama okuyinganekwane.
Umbhali akafi emsebenzini wakhe, kubalingiswa bakhe, ku-heteronym yakhe. Umdlalo wokudlula, isidingo semithombo emikhulu yogqozi, izihlakaniphi, ukuthi zingalokothi zinyamalale.
Indaba efingqiwe: Ekupheleni kuka-1935, ngenkathi uFernando Pessoa esanda kushona, umkhumbi wamaNgisi, iHighland Brigade, wafika ethekwini laseLisbon, lapho uRicardo Reis, omunye wamagama aphikisayo embongi enkulu yasePutukezi, ahamba esuka eBrazil. Kuzo zonke izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye ezibalulekile emlandweni waseYurophu, lapho kwaqubuka khona impi eSpain nokungenelela kwase-Italy e-Abyssinia, sizobona isigaba sokugcina sempilo kaRicardo Reis, ngokuxoxisana nomoya kaFernando Pessoa ozayo ukumvakashela emathuneni ngezikhathi ezingalindelekile.
Kuyisikhathi samapeni emithombo, imisakazo ye-Pilot, uHitler Youth, ama-topolino, e-Atlantic naseLisbon enezimvula lapho isimo sawo esigubuzelayo siba ngumlandeli weqiniso walolu lwazi olumnandi lokulandisa.
Unyaka wokushona kukaRicardo Reis ukucabanga okuhle, ngokusebenzisa imbongi nedolobha, ngencazelo yesikhathi sonke.
Indatshana ngobumpumputhe
Esinye sezingathekiso ezinhle kakhulu nezibandayo emibhalweni yomhlaba. Leyo esingayibheka njengeyona eyinhloko yezinzwa njengengqondo yeqiniso esinikezwa lona ngamandla.
Akukho mpumputhe ngaphezu kwalowo ongafuni ukubona, njengoba besho. Amaconsi ambalwa we-surrealism, inganekwane ehlukile evula amehlo ethu futhi asiphoqe ukuthi sibheke, sibone futhi sigxeke.
Indaba efingqiwe: Indoda emi ilambu elibomvu ngokuzumayo iba yimpumputhe. Kuyisimo sokuqala «sobumpumputhe obumhlophe» esandisa ngendlela egcwele. Baboshwe ngokuvalelwa wedwa noma balahlekile edolobheni, izimpumputhe kuyodingeka zibhekane nalokho okuyisidala kakhulu esimweni somuntu: intando yokuphila nganoma iyiphi imali.
I-Essay on Blindness inganekwane yomlobi osixwayisa "ngomthwalo wokuba namehlo lapho abanye belahlekile." UJosé Saramago ulandelela kule ncwadi isithombe esesabekayo nesishukumisayo sezikhathi esiphila kuzo.
Ezweni elinjalo, ingabe likhona ithemba? Umfundi uzokwazi isipiliyoni esiyingqayizivele sokucabanga. Ngesikhathi lapho kuhlangana khona izincwadi nobuhlakani, uJosé Saramago usiphoqa ukuthi sime, sivale amehlo, sibone. Ukubuyisa ubuhlalu nokuhlenga uthando yiziphakamiso ezimbili ezibalulekile zenoveli ephinde ibonise isimilo sothando nobumbano.
Umgede
Izinguquko, isikhathi ngasinye lapho izinguquko zingahlaseli ngendlela ecishe ifane, ngaphandle kwamandla okuphendula. Izinguquko ezinhlakeni ikakhulukazi zenhlalo, emsebenzini, ngendlela yokuxhumana nabaphathi, endleleni yokuxhumana nathi. Mayelana nezinguquko futhi mayelana nokuhlukaniswa kwakhe okungenzeka.
Indaba efingqiwe: Ubumba oluncane, indawo enkulu yezitolo. Umhlaba osenqubweni esheshayo yokuqothulwa, omunye okhulayo futhi wande njengomdlalo wezibuko lapho kubonakala sengathi akukho mkhawulo enkohlisweni ekhohlisayo.
Nsuku zonke izinhlobo zezilwane nezitshalo ziyacinywa, nsuku zonke kunemisebenzi eba yize, izilimi eziyeka ukuba nabantu abazikhulumayo, amasiko alahlekelwa yincazelo yawo, imizwa ephenduka ibe yizinto eziphikisayo.
Umndeni wababumbi uyaqonda ukuthi awusadingeki emhlabeni. Njengenyoka ekhipha isikhumba sayo ukuze ikhule ibe ngenye futhi kamuva ezoba ncane, inxanxathela yezitolo ithi kubumba: "Yifa, angisakudingi." Umhume, inoveli yokuwela inkulungwane yeminyaka.
Ngamanoveli amabili adlule ¿I-Essay on Blindness kanye Nawo Wonke Amagama UJosé Saramago (Azinhaga, 1922) ungomunye wababhali bamanoveli abangamaPutukezi abaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni. Kusukela ngo-1993 uhlala eLanzarote. Ngo-1998 wathola iNobel Prize for Literature.
