The 3 best books by Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Nhasi tinounza akasiyana munyori senge Alexander Solzhenitsyn uyo, kuti ashinga kumuisa muboka, taizofanira kufunga nezve hybrid pakati pe dystopian-political perfectionism ye. George Orwell; huripo hunowanikwa mune nyaya asi hwakanyanya kwazvo muchirevo chayo Chekhov; uye uchokwadi hwemamiriro ake ezvinhu anosuruvarisa, kune rumwe rutivi, haana kumbodziviswa kwakavakirwa pazvinangwa zvake zvisingadzivisiki.

Nekuti akakwegura Aleksandr (zvirinani kuti asafunga kutaura zita rake nemazvo), nekutarisa kwake ku Isaac Asimov, yaigara ichienderana nechiono chake chenyika. Zvimwe chetezvo paakaenda kumberi kunodzivirira Russia kubva kuvaNazi, uye gare gare apo vakaedza kumunyararidza nokuda kwokutsanangura mativi edzimwe tsika akanga asingawirirani nefungidziro yeSoviet.

Aya ndiwo mapedzero aakaita mugulag uye iyi ndiyo nzira iyo avo vakamutumira ikoko vakaita kuti zvive nyore kuti nhamo dzemisasa iyoyo yekuvharirwa uye kushandiswa zvizivikanwe pasi rese apo Aleksandr akaisa hutsinye hwehutongi hwechikomunisti yeRussia mudema nechena. .

Iyo novel, iyo biography, humbowo uye nhoroondo inowana Aleksandr iyo isingazungunuke kubatana kwemunhu, pamwe chakakosha kukosha kwebasa rake kusvika kuNobel Prize muMabhuku 1970.

Wepamusoro 3 Anokurudzirwa Mabhuku naAleksandr Solzhenitsyn

Gulag Zvitsuwa

Kuzvidavirira kwehutsinye hwakaitwa nehurumende yeSoviet kwemakore anopfuura 30 hwakakwana kune akawanda mavhoriyamu. Kubva muna 1930 kusvika muna 1960 asati asvika, ani naani aisabvumirana nazvo, akanga asina kugadzikana, kana kuti aingosarudzwa chete aigona kuenda kunogara mune imwe yemisasa yeGulag, pamwe chete nematsotsi emarudzi ose Aleksandr akanga aripo kwemakore anopfuura gumi. Asi muna 1958, makore maviri apukunyuka ari mupenyu, akazvipira kunyora zvaakaona nezvaakasangana nazvo ari pakati pemajeri aityisa. Uye hapana chakasara mupombi.

Mugwaro guru iri, solzhenitsyn, uyo akavharirwa mune imwe yemisasa iyoyo, anovakazve hupenyu mukati meindasitiri yejeri munguva dzeSoviet Union, uye kuparadzaniswa kwake kunova rwendo kuburikidza nekutya, kurwadziwa, kutonhora, nzara nerufu, izvo utongi hwoudzvinyiriri hwakanyaradza kupandukira kwose. Aya mavhoriyamu matatu anotaurwa pasi apa. Anopfuura 2.000 mapeji akazara kuratidza kupasi kutambura kwezvizvarwa nezvizvarwa zveRussia zviri pasi pehutongi hwehutsotsi hwakanyanya. Zvichida hazvina kumbobvira zvaratidzwa kune mwenje uye stenographers eNazism, asi sehupenzi.

Zuva muhupenyu hwaIvan Denisovich

Pamusoro pekutaura nezvenyaya yeGulag kubva pakuverenga nguva, chikamu chemweya cheicho nguva yehupenyu muhero yakaoma nechando zvaireva, zvakaratidzirwa murudzi urwu rwenhau wakasaswa neichoicho, zvine musoro.

Tichitora mukana wemaonero akasununguka erinovhero, izvo zvinotitendera kuti titarise mune izvo chaizvo zvevaratidziri venjodzi iyoyo, munyori anotipa naIván Denisovih akatarisana nemazuva ake ekupedzisira emutongo weStockholm yebasa rekumanikidzwa mugulag inowana muIván kukosha kwehunhu hwakaoma kwazvo. Nekuti zvese zvakapfuura inguva yakarasika, yakararama chete.

Uye mune zvakanakisa zvezviitiko senge zvaIvan, mukati mezera zera diki zvakakwana kuti urarame ..., uye kufunga kuti hupenyu hwako hwakabiwa mugehena. Iyo yakaipisisa yeIvan ndeyekureruka kwemutongo wake, kukanganisa kunomubatanidza nemutengesi, mutorwa, musori paakaita zvakanyatsopesana, achipukunyuka kubva kumaNazi kuti adzokere kuuto rake raaida reRussia.

Hapana mumwe ari nani kupfuura Ivan, ane manzwiro ekuda kwemharadzano yakakosha pakati pezvaive uye zvakasara zvake, kuti anzwisise kushamisika kunoshamisa kweaya majeri eSoviet akatsunga kuparadza uye kukanganisa kuziva kwechero ani zvake akapfuura ipapo Takangoenda kuna Ivan rimwe zuva. Zvakakwana kufungidzira, zvichida nenzira yakarurama zvikuru, izvo zvingava zvakaita munhamba inenge isingagumi yokubuda kwezuva pamusoro pezuva rinotonhora zvikuru risina kuvhenekera nyika idzodzo.

Denderedzwa rekutanga

Mune ino novel Aleksandr anova John le Carre. Chete munyaya yemunyori weRussia, achiziva mamiriro ake ezvinhu sekuramba kwechokwadi kweUSSR, nyaya yacho inotora pane imwe nzvimbo. Muchokwadi, pakupedzisira tinodzokera kune zvakasikwa zve gulag uye yayo infernal system yemajeri iyo yakabira munhu wese akapfuura nepo. Iyo Gulag ndeyekuti, denderedzwa regehena raDante, rinotungamirirwa munyaya iyi naVirgil uyo anosvibisa kutuka kwe-pro-Soviet, sekunge zvinhu zvose ndezvekunaka kukuru, nyika yemusha inogona kurasa chero hupenyu hunotyisa kana maonero.

Asi panguva imwecheteyo bhuku iri ndechimwewo chinhu, inoverengeka yakasimba mukutsvaga huro yakadzika, izwi rinozivisa United States nezvemaitiro eSoviet maatomu. Uye simba reatomiki rakanga riri panguva yehondo inotonhora, pamwe nemujaho wepadenga, matambudziko maviri akakura, hondo dzisinganzwisisike dzeimwe neiyi, semitambo yemacabre.

Izwi rakabva kuRussia Foreign Ministry pachayo. Kunze kwekuti hapana munhu anobva kuKGB anokwanisa kuwana anotumira meseji, yakanyorwa zvine musoro, senge zvinhu zvakawanda zvinotariswa nehutungamiriri hweSoviet Kufona kunongovaendesa kuSpecial Prison 1, sezvo ruzivo rwunoendeswa kune vekuAmerica rwaigona kuwanikwa chete kumasayendisiti akavharirwa ipapo nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwekutyisidzira ... Uye kana munhu akasaburitsa kuzivikanwa kwavo, munhu wese anogona kubhadhara mutengo...