Mafi kyawun littattafai 3 na Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn

A yau mun kawo marubuci na musamman kamar Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn wanda, don kuskura ya rarraba shi, dole ne mu yi tunanin wani gauraye tsakanin kamiltaccen siyasa na dystopian. George Orwell; existentialism iyakance a cikin labarin amma mai tsananin ƙarfi a cikin tsinkayar sa Chekhov; sannan kuma hakikanin halin da yake ciki na bakin ciki, a daya bangaren kuma, bai taba kaucewa ba bisa ga akidarsa da ba za a kauce masa ba.

Saboda tsohon Aleksandr mai kyau (ya fi kyau kada a ba da shawarar furta sunan mahaifinsa daidai), tare da duban sa ga Ishaku Asimov, ko da yaushe ya kasance daidai da hangen nesa na duniya. Haka kuma lokacin da ya je gaba don kare kasar Rasha daga hannun ‘yan Nazi, daga baya kuma lokacin da suka yi kokarin rufe shi saboda bayanin wasu al’adun da ba su dace da tunanin Soviet ba.

Haka ya kasance a cikin gulag kuma haka wadanda suka tura shi suka saukaka wahalhalun da wadannan sansanonin tsare-tsare da cin zarafi suka yi a duk fadin duniya a lokacin da Aleksandr ya sanya ta'addancin gwamnatin gurguzu ta Rasha a baki da fari. .

Littafin labari, tarihin rayuwa, shaida da tarihin ya sami Aleksandr cewa haɗin kan ɗan adam mara tabbas, wataƙila babban mahimmancin aikinsa don isa lambar yabo ta Nobel a cikin Adabin 1970.

Manyan Littattafan 3 da Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn ya ba da shawarar

Gulag Archipelago

Yin lissafin zaluncin da gwamnatin Soviet ta yi sama da shekaru 30 ya isa ga kundin da yawa. Tun kafin 1930 har zuwa 1960, duk wanda bai yarda ba, bai ji daɗi ba, ko kuma aka ware shi kawai zai iya shiga wani wuri a ɗaya daga cikin sansanonin Gulag, tare da masu aikata laifuka na kowane nau'i na Aleksandr. Amma a shekara ta 1958, shekaru biyu bayan tserewa da rai, ya ba da kansa ga rubuta abin da ya gani da kuma abubuwan da ya fuskanta a cikin wannan tsarin kurkukun. Kuma babu abin da ya rage a cikin bututun.

A cikin wannan m daftarin aiki, solzhenitsyn, wanda aka tsare a cikin daya daga cikin wadanda sansanonin, ba da himma sake gina rayuwa a cikin kurkuku masana'antu a lokacin zamanin Tarayyar Soviet, da dissection ya zama tafiya ta hanyar tsoro, zafi, sanyi, yunwa da mutuwa, tare da. wanda gwamnatin kama-karya ta rufe baki dayan adawa. Ana magana da juzu'i uku a ƙasa. Fiye da shafuka 2.000 a cikin duka don nunawa duniya wahalar tsararraki da tsararraki na Rashawa da aka yi wa mafi girman iko. Wataƙila ba a taɓa fallasa haske da stenographers na Naziism ba, amma kamar rashin ɗan adam.

Wata rana a rayuwar Ivan Denisovich

Baya ga magance batun Gulag daga mahangar tarihi, ɓangaren tunanin abin da wancan lokacin rayuwa a cikin jahannama mai sanyi ke nufi, an nuna shi a cikin irin wannan sabon labari wanda aka yayyafa da haƙiƙa, a hankali.

Yin amfani da mafi kyawun hangen nesa na littafin, wanda ya ba mu damar yin zurfafa cikin takamaiman abubuwan da suka haifar da wannan bala'i, marubucin ya gabatar da mu tare da Iván Denisovih wanda ke fuskantar kwanakinsa na ƙarshe na jimla na Stockholm wanda zai iya bayyana a fagen na aikin tilastawa a cikin gulag yana samun darajar Iván mai matukar sarkakiya. Domin duk abin da ya gabata lokaci ne, kawai ya rayu.

Kuma a cikin mafi kyawun lokuta kamar na Ivan, a cikin shekarun da suka kai shekarun da suka isa tsira ..., da kuma tunanin cewa an sace ranka cikin jahannama. Mafi muni ga Ivan shine sauƙi na hukuncin da aka yanke masa, kuskuren da ya danganta shi da maci amana, mai gudu, ɗan leƙen asiri lokacin da ya yi daidai da akasin haka, yana tserewa daga Nazis don komawa ga sojojinsa na Rasha.

Babu wanda ya fi Ivan, tare da matsananciyar jin dadi mai mahimmanci tsakanin abin da ya kasance da abin da ya rage daga gare shi, don fahimtar abin mamaki na wa] annan gidajen kurkukun Soviet sun yanke shawarar halaka da kuma lalata tunanin duk wanda ya wuce ta wurin Mun je kawai Ivan wata rana. Ya isa a yi tunanin, watakila a mafi madaidaicin hanya, yadda hakan zai iya kasancewa a cikin jimlar fitowar rana ta kusan ƙarewa a kan wata daskarewa da ke haskaka waɗannan ƙasashe.

Da'irar farko

A cikin wannan labari Aleksandr ya zama John da Carré. Sai kawai a cikin yanayin marubucin Rasha, sanin tarihinsa a matsayin mai watsi da USSR na gaskiya, al'amarin yana ɗaukar wani nau'i daban-daban. Hasali ma, a qarshe za mu koma duniyar gulag da tsarin gidajen yari da ke cin gajiyar duk wani dan Adam da ya ratsa ta wurin. Gulag shine, da'irar Dante na jahannama, wanda wani Virgil ya jagoranta a cikin wannan harka ta hanyar zagin pro-Soviet, kamar dai duk abin da ya kasance don alheri mafi girma, ƙasar mahaifar da za ta iya kawar da duk wani rai ko ra'ayi mai barazana.

Amma a lokaci guda wannan littafin wani abu ne daban, babban labari ne don neman makogwaro mai zurfi, muryar da ke faɗakar da Amurka game da ayyukan atomic na Soviet. Kuma makamashin atomic shine lokacin yakin sanyi, tare da tseren sarari, manyan ƙalubale guda biyu, manyan yaƙe -yaƙe na ɗayan da ɗayan, kamar wasannin macabre.

Kalmar ta fito ne daga ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Rasha da kanta. Sai dai babu wani daga cikin KGB da ya sami nasarar gano wanda ya aika da sakon, wanda aka rubuta a hankali, kamar abubuwa da yawa da jagorancin Soviet ke kula da su kawai, kiran ya kai su gidan kurkuku na musamman na 1, tun da ilimin da ake yadawa ga Amurkawa kawai zai iya samuwa ga masana kimiyya da aka tsare a can saboda yanayin barazanar su ... Kuma idan mutum bai bayyana ainihin su ba, kowa yana iya biya farashin ...