Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zikaYuval Noah Harari

Lowo Mlando njengesayensi esolwayo unezingxenye zokunqunywa kwe-elufayi kuqinisekiswa futhi ukuthi, empeleni isazi-mlando I-Harari kuvele njengomunye wababhali be-eseyi abaziwa kakhulu mayelana nokuvela nezindlela zempucuko yethu. Ngoba i-Harari ihamba phakathi kweziqinisekiso, yebo, kodwa iyanyakaza ukuze ithole izithelo ezintsha lapho kwakhiwe khona ukwazi okujwayelekile.

Akungabazeki ukuthi lo mbhali owedlula ngokulinganiselwa kwengama-40 ukwazile ukushaya ukhiye wokudlula kwabezindaba nokucatshangelwa ngokwengqondo selokhu kwavulwa iSazi-mlando ngomsebenzi iveza izindlela ezixhumeke ngokuphelele ekugxekeni okubuyekeza ngokunembile nokuqagela ngenhloso yokusabalalisa ukunikela ngombono omusha ophathelene nokuqala kwethu, imvelaphi yokuziphendukela kwemvelo okusithathe lapha ngaphandle kokunquma izici ezinjengamathuba.

Impela ukufika kolwazi kufakwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ezifakwe ngaphakathi imvelaphi yempucuko yethu futhi izici ezihambisanayo ezihambisanayo zesayensi yabantu eziqondwa njengesayensi ehlanganayo zenza uHarari waba ngomunye wezazi ezibhekwe kakhulu ekufuneni okhiye balokho esasikwakha.

Kepha yini ehehe kakhulu Abafundi beHarari Kuyingxenye yawo ebaluleke kakhulu, leyo eqhubeka icubungula ukuthi yikuphi ukuziphendukela kwemvelo nokuthi yikuphi ukuvela okungenzeka kube khona emcabangweni wamanje njengefa lokugcina lentuthuko eminingi kangaka, izingxabano, ukuvukela umbuso kanye nefilosofi lapho izinkolelo ezizama ukusekela khona. izikhala ezihlukene kakhulu zomuntu. UHarari usebhale izincwadi eziningi, kodwa kukhona ezintathu ezilokhu zikhulisa udumo lwakhe emhlabeni jikelele.

Izincwadi Ezinconyelwe ezi-3 eziphezulu nguYuval Noah Harari

AmaSapiens. Kusukela ezilwaneni kuya konkulunkulu

Isihloko sale ncwadi sisanda kugwetshwa "umlando omfishane wobuntu." Umbhali usevele wehlise kulesi sithasiselo inhloso yakhe yokucaciselwa, ukuthola imininingwane yombono ongasetshenziswa ezifundweni ezibanzi kakhulu.

Kepha umbuzo ukuxubha ukuthola ukuthi lokho kudalulwa kwenziwa ukuzijabulisa okubonisayo. Sisanda kukhuluma ngencwadi «I-Neanderthal yokugcina»Inoveli ekhuluma ngalezo zinsuku ezimnyama zokweqa kokugcina okukhulu kokuvela kwemvelo kwezinhlobo zethu. FUTHI U-Antonio Perez Henares uzibhalele isaga sakhe ngale ndaba.

AmaSapiens asemfashinini kanti uHarari uletha uhlangothi olungokoqobo ongasondela ngalo ekufikeni kwakho ukuze uhlale kule planethi. Umthamo usengenye nje incazelo, kepha yisitayela nobuchule bukaHarari okwenza lo msebenzi ube ngesinye sezisekelo zalobobuciko bokuhumusha okumele ukuthi bonke abafundi basendulo babhekane nabo.

I-Sapiens iyisiqalo sayo yonke into, kusukela kuye sifike kungxube yamanje futhi ngokusekelwe ekwehlukeni kwabo kokuziphendukela kwemvelo isiphetho sethu singabhalwa. Ukunqoba kubonakala kungenye yezakhiwo, iqiniso elihlukile elavumela ama-Sapiens okuqala ukuba anqobe amanye ama-humanoid futhi afinyelele inamuhla lethu kanye nokuqagela kwekusasa lethu. Kuphela ukuthi le ngxenye yokuthuthukisa isekelwe ezicini ezinganconywa ngaso sonke isikhathi: isifiso sokuvelela, isifiso esenziwe sasimama...

Konke lokhu akuhambisani ngaso sonke isikhathi nokuhle kwenjabulo nayo ebihamba ngendlela ngesikhathi siqaphela. Esiyikho kanye nalokho esizokwenza ngalomhlaba kuxhumene ngqo nalawo maprotomen akwazi ukubusa ebusweni bomhlaba emashumini ezinkulungwane zeminyaka edlule.

AmaSapiens. Kusukela ezilwaneni kuya konkulunkulu

Izifundo ezingama-21 zekhulu lama-XNUMX

Ngokungangabazeki, amanothi ashiwo encwadini yakhe yangaphambili ethi Sapiens, eyabhebhetheka njengomlilo wequbula emhlabeni wonke, avusa isithakazelo esikhulu ngokubaluleka kwalowo mcabango lapho sibhekene nesimo sethu samanje sempucuko. Izinselele ezidumile esibhekana nazo zisekelwe ekutheni singaba nekhono kangakanani ukupaka, ngokwezinga elinengqondo, isifiso sethu.

Ngoba ngokuvamile lokho esifuna ukukufeza kwesinye isikhathi kukhomba ekubeni yize, ubuze, enkazimulweni yokuthanda izinto ezibonakalayo ezingabalulekile. Futhi lokho kungukuphikisana okusobala kakhulu kwalokho ikusasa lethu ebelingakusebenzisa lapho kutholakala ukweqa kokuvela kukaSapiens njengamandla obuhlakani ngokumelene namandla.

Zama ukucacisa ukuthi singaphezu kwalokho esiyikho. Ngoba kulo msebenzi ingxenye enkulu yenkohliso itholakala ukuthi abanye ongqondongqondo abaningi bebevele belindele, kusukela Malhus up George Orwell. Ababhali esibathembayo ngaphansi kuka-Adam Smith owathi, njengoMesiya omusha, wamemezela ukuthi ukuchuma kwezomnotho ezandleni zezifiso kwakuyizinhlelo ezinhle kakhulu.

Angazi noma imayelana nokugxeka ukukhululeka kwezomnotho, kodwa okungenani ithunzi lakhona, elidlulele ezintweni ezifana ne-post-truth, iziqubulo zenjabulo, izindinganiso eziphindwe kabili, ukungalingani kwezomnotho phakathi kwezwe nelinye emhlabeni owodwa ngisho nokwesaba okugxilile. ukuqonda ukuthi inhlalakahle enikezwayo ingase ibe sengozini.

Izifundo ezingama-21 zekhulu lama-XNUMX

UHomo Deus

Selokhu amaGreki esethula konkulunkulu abangabantu, intando engenakwenzeka yaphakade ibilokhu iwubuze bomuntu obukhulu. Indlela yokuzenza singafi njengonkulunkulu abasha iwukuqoqa izimpahla eziningi, siphumelele, sishiye uphawu lwethu ezweni elincintisana ngokwandayo. Nakulokhu futhi lo msebenzi uqala kusukela esiphithiphithini esikhulu samaSapiens.

Njengoba sibonile esigabeni salo, imininingwane "yomlando omfushane wesintu" umsebenzi owenziwe umkhawulo wanikeza okuningi. Futhi konke okunye ukulandelana okuqhubeka nokunikeza ingcebo efundisayo yalo mbhali ongapheli.

Kulokhu sikhuluma ngekusasa, ukuphela kokufa nokuhlalisana nobuhlakani obudalwe emfanekisweni wethu nangokufana kwethu, kuphela nge-algorithmic projection ezonqoba ukulinganiselwa kwethu futhi igcine isibusa, ibhekane nentando yethu. Ukukhuluma ngekusasa bekulokhu kuyiphuzu elidabukisayo ekugcineni eliye lanqotshwa ezifundweni ezedlule okwenza ibhalansi engenakwenzeka. Ngamanye amazwi, besilokhu sikwazi ukuzinqoba.

Kodwa kulokhu kubonakala sengathi uzimisele. Ngomsebenzi osezandleni zama-automatons anikezwe ubuhlakani obugcwele obungaziveza njengento ephazamisayo yokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwethu. Mhlawumbe ubuhlakani kanye nobuntu, njengento ehlukanisayo, kuyisiphephelo sokugcina...

UHomo Deus

Ezinye izincwadi ezinconyiwe nguYuval Noah Harari

I-Nexus: Umlando omfushane wamanethiwekhi olwazi kusukela enkathini yamatshe ukuya ku-AI

I-Harari ayiwesabi umcabango wokuvelela kakhulu, wokuphuphuthekisa ukuqonda lapho kugxilwe engqikithini ephikisanayo yesintu. Ukulangazelela iphakade elithenjisiwe elithi kancane kancane libukeke njengethunzi nje, ukuqonda isizathu esingenakuphikiswa cishe ngayo yonke into... Kodwa nokho into inokhanga bayo. Ngezinsalela zokungabaza ezingase zisale, ukufika kwalowo mcabango wasendulo ogcina iziqinisekiso nezigqila zakudala kwezinye izinhlobo zezindlela ezingaphusile.

Ku-Nexus, i-Harari ibheka isintu ngeso elibanzi lomlando ukuze ihlaziye ukuthi amanethiwekhi olwazi enze futhi awenza kanjani umhlaba wethu. Kule minyaka engu-100.000 edlule, thina sapiens siqongelele amandla amakhulu. Kodwa, naphezu kwakho konke okutholakele, okusunguliwe kanye nezimpumelelo, manje sibhekene nenkinga ekhona: umhlaba usonqenqemeni lokuwohloka kwemvelo, ulwazi olungalungile luyanda futhi sibheke enkathini ye-AI. Ngayo yonke indlela eya phambili, ngani? ziwuhlobo oluzilimazayo?

Isebenzisa uxhaxha lwezibonelo zomlando, kusukela eNkathini Yamatshe, ngeBhayibheli, kuya ekuzingelweni kwabathakathi kwasekuqaleni, kuya kuStalinism kanye nobuNazi, ekuvukeni kabusha kobuzwe namuhla, uHarari usinikeza uhlaka olwambulayo lokuphenya ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi obukhona. phakathi kolwazi neqiniso, i-bureaucracy kanye nezinganekwane, kanye nokuhlakanipha namandla.

Ihlola ukuthi imiphakathi ehlukene nezinhlelo zezombangazwe zilusebenzise kanjani ulwazi ukuze zifinyelele izinjongo zazo futhi zibeke ukuhleleka, okuhle nokubi. Futhi kuphakamisa izinqumo eziphuthumayo esibhekene nazo namuhla, lapho ukuhlakanipha okungekona okomuntu kusongela ukuphila kwethu.

Ulwazi alusona isimiso esisebenzayo seqiniso; noma isikhali esilula. I-Nexus ihlola indawo emaphakathi enethemba phakathi kwalokhu kuqina.

Okungenakuvinjwa: Idayari yokuthi sawunqoba kanjani Umhlaba

Kuleli qophelo, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo kungase kungabi into esingaziqhenya ngayo. Sekubonisiwe ukuthi okwethu akuzona izinto zesikhathi eside. Futhi njengoba iplanethi eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ilahlekelwa umbala, indaba yokuhlakanipha njengenani eliphakeme kakhulu, iyayeka ukwenza umqondo. Kodwa kwakukhona izikhathi lapho yonke into ikhomba kahle ngaphakathi komthetho wemvelo ongahambisani nezilinganiso eziyingxenye mayelana nokukhethwa nokubusa ...

Ubuwazi yini ukuthi bonke abantu banamandla amakhulu? Kusukela enkangala yase-Afrika kuya eziqongweni zeqhwa zaseGreenland, thina bantu sibusa iplanethi enguMhlaba. Kodwa sikufinyelele kanjani? Amabhubesi anamandla kunathi, amahlengethwa abhukuda kangcono, futhi asinamaphiko!

Ngalolu hambo olujabulisayo lwezigidi zeminyaka, uzothola ukuthi yini la mandla amakhulu asenza singavimbeki. Ubani owathi umlando wesintu uyisicefe? Ama-Dwarfs, izinyoka ezinkulu, Umoya Webhubesi Elikhulu, umunwe wentombazane eyaphila eminyakeni engu-50.000 edlule... Zitholele izimfihlakalo zemvelaphi yesintu futhi uhlole i-adventure eyingqophamlando nengokoqobo: eyethu, eyabo bonke abantu.

Okungenakuvinjwa: Idayari yokuthi sawunqoba kanjani Umhlaba
4.9 / 5 - (21 amavoti)

Deja un comentario

Le sayithi isebenzisa i-Akismet ukunciphisa ugaxekile. Funda ukuthi idatha yakho yokuphawula isetshenziswa kanjani.