Ngokwethulwa kwencwadi, ngalezo zikhathi lapho umethuli osemsebenzini encoma ubuhle bombhali okukhulunywa ngaye, kuhlale kuthakazelisa ukubheka umbhali, ngolimi lwakhe olungakhulumi uma esevezwe emphakathini njengo ukukhanga kokuphenduka.
Ngikucaphuna lokhu ngoba ngikhumbula ikakhulukazi isethulo esenziwe ngu U-Ignacio Martinez de Pisón. Lolo hlobo lokubuka okulahlekile kwesinye isikhathi okucatshangelwa ngezikhathi ezithile maqondana nalowo mbono ocatshangelwayo wombhali mayelana nokulandisa ngomsebenzi wakhe futhi walulama ngenxa yeqiniso ngaphambi kwamazwi omethuli.
Ngaphandle kokumazi mathupha, umqondo engiwuthole kulo mbhali kwakungowomdali ozolile, onamehlo amakhulu, othinta kabi emzimbeni othile wamehlo akhe. Inhlanganisela ekugcineni ekhomba kulezo zindaba ezinamandla alinganayo kodwa ezizolile, ezigcinwe kuleyo phantom yendalo eyedlule. Izikhathi sezivele zilungisiwe ngomlando lapho abalingiswa bebonakala belahliwe, ngenkathi bekuleso sigaba sanoma yisiphi isikhathi esedlule ukuthi uma kungenjalo kungcono, okungenani kuba ngumuntu ngisho nasebunzimeni.
Ngenxa yalelo khono lokuhlanganisa ndawonye ama-intrahistori njengamanoveli amahle, UMartinez de Pisón (noma kunalokho umsebenzi wakhe) wenza i-cinema yeqa zombili ekuzivumelaniseni nasekubhaleni imibhalo yakhe.
Akungabazeki ukuthi umbhali ongunobhala, umxoxi wezindaba kazibuthe othuthukisa uphenyo lwakhe futhi owakha abalingiswa abagcwele lokho kuphikisana okungumuntu okuqala kusukela ekuqhekekeni kobuntwana nokuba mdala (inoveli yakhe yokuqala "Isisa sedrako" ikhomba embonweni wami maqondana nalowo mbono Umehluko omkhulu womuntu phakathi kobuntwana nezwe okuthiwa langempela, umbono oqinisekisiwe encwadini yakhe yakamuva "Natural Law"), ekugcineni waqamba ukulandisa okungapheli njengokulungile komphefumulo.
Izincwadi ezinconyiwe ezi-3 eziphezulu zika-Ignacio Martínez de Pisón
Ukuphela kwesizini
Isikhathi sihamba ngokushesha, njenganoma iyiphi ingoma ehambisana nezinkumbulo zethu ezihamba phambili, ikhorasi isala ne-flavour yayo evalayo yokuhlulwa kanye ne-melancholy. Kodwa besingeke sibe yilutho ngaphandle kwalo, ngaphandle kosuku lwayizolo olusivulela ithuba lokuya ndawo.
Ngalesi sikhathi sokuphela kwesizini, ama-protagonist afinyelela ihlobo ngalinye elisha kusukela ekuhlanganeni okuphelele okubavumela ukuthi babe ndawonye, naphezu kwakho konke. Nengoma yakhe ihlale idlala naphezu kwakho konke. Ukudangala kwabo kwayizolo kuphela okuguquliwe kubo kube ukuzinikela okumnene emathubeni kanye namaphuzu aguqukayo okuba khona.
Umgwaqo oseceleni komngcele wamaPutukezi, ngo-June 1977. UJuan noRosa, abasanda kweva eshumini nambili, banesikhathi sokubonana emtholampilo wokuhushula izisu ngomshoshaphansi, kodwa ingozi ibavimbela ukuba bafike lapho beya khona. Cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amabili kamuva, uRosa nendodana yakhe u-Iván baqala lokho okuzoba iphrojekthi yokuphila kwabo, ukuvuselelwa kwendawo yokukhempa eCosta Dorada, ngakolunye uhlangothi lwenhlonhlo. Kusukela azalwa u-Iván baye bahlala ezindaweni ezahlukene, njalo okwesikhashana, njalo bebodwa, bebalekela isikhathi esidlule esingeke sithathe isikhathi eside ukubafica.
I-Season's End iyinoveli emayelana namandla, kwesinye isikhathi anoshevu, wezibopho zegazi; mayelana nezimfihlo zomndeni ezenza isizukulwane ngasinye silahlwe ukuphinda amaphutha athile, nokuthi ukwazi kusiguqula kanjani sibe ngabanye abantu.
U-Ignacio Martínez de Pisón ulandelela abalingiswa abangakhohlwa nobudlelwano obungajwayelekile bomama nendodana kule ndaba obuhlanganisa cishe ikota yekhulu leminyaka futhi kuveze ukuthi okwedlule okungasonjululwanga kuyisihibe esibalulekile noma ngabe sizama ukukuziba, noma ngokunembile ngenxa yako.
Kusasa
Impunga ejwayelekile yaseSpain yangemva kwempi yasakazeka njengengubo eyayivimbela noma iyiphi inqubo ye-osmosis yamasiko nezenhlalo lapho umhlaba usuphuma eMpini Yezwe II eminyakeni embalwa kamuva.
Inqubomgomo eyayithakazelisa kakhulu yabasekeli yavumela iSpain ukuthi iqhubeke kulobo bumnyama bezwe elingenamuntu lombuso wobushiqela kaFranco. Futhi kuleyo minyaka engamashumi amane kuze kube sekufeni kukandlovukayiphikiswa lolu suku lwakusasa olukhomba kuyo, olungasho usuku olwandulela inkululeko. Iqhaza likaJusto Gil, umlingiswa ocindezelwe emndenini nasemphakathini, liwuphawu lokuhlukaniswa kwalezo zinsuku.
Edolobheni lakhe, iBarcelona, uJusto Gil uqala ukuzijabulisa ngokusinda, uzibeka ohlangothini olunethuba elihle kakhulu lokukwazi ukwenza lokho, asinde nje. Ekugcineni kuphela lapho sonke sithola ubulungiswa bethu.
Isibalo semibono yabalingiswa abasebenzisana noJusto sakha lowo mfanekiso kaCainite waseSpain wangena enhlekeleleni yengcindezelo, nebutho lamaphoyisa eliqeqeshelwe ukwenza imithetho emibi kakhulu ...
idumela elihle
Idumela. Elinye lalawa magama elingasasetshenziswa lisuka kwelokuziphatha liye kolimi nje. Ngoba idumela laliyinto ecishe ibe ngokoqobo eyalengiswa njengelebula emindenini ngisho nozalo njengophawu olungenakucimeka. Kungakho kunethuba elihle lokundiza ngesikhathi umndeni udlula esiphethweni sawo usuka kubazali uye ezinganeni nakubazukulu. Kunjalo, uma umuntu ethatheka kangaka ngokuba nedumela elihle, kungenzeka ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi unokuthile okubucayi akufihlayo...
USamuel noMercedes bacabanga ngokukhathazeka ngekusasa lamadodakazi abo amabili ngaphambi kokubhujiswa kwe-Morocco okuseduze nokubuya kwamaSpanishi esuka e-Protectorate eya eNhlonhlweni. SiseMelilla, kuyiminyaka yamashumi amahlanu futhi, kulo mongo wenguquko nokungaqiniseki, lo mbhangqwana unquma ukuya eMalaga ukuze uhlale eSpain eqala ukuvuleka kancane kancane kuze kube yisimanje.
Sibambene ngezandla namalungu amahlanu omndeni owodwa, lesi saga sihlanganisa iminyaka engamashumi amathathu yomlando wethu futhi sihamba emadolobheni afana neMelilla, iTetuán, iMálaga, iZaragoza noma iBarcelona. Izifiso nezinkohliso zikaSamuel noMercedes, amadodakazi abo nabazukulu bazo zizobekwa izimfihlo ezingakhulumeki empilweni edlula ngokushesha futhi ngokungalindelekile.
I-La buena reputación iyinoveli ekhuluma ngefa esilithola kudala kanye nomuzwa wokuba sindawonye, isidingo sokuthola indawo yethu emhlabeni. Umbhali obalulekile wezinhlamvu zeSpanishi,
Ezinye izincwadi ezinconyiwe ngu-Martínez de Pisón
Umthetho wemvelo
Izikhathi eziyinqaba lezo zenguquko yaseSpain. Isimo esihle sokwethula umfokazi Ingqikithi yomndeni ka-Angel. Le nsizwa ihamba phakathi kokukhungatheka kukababa obheja yonke into ephusheni futhi ongakwazi ukuphunyula ukwehluleka.
Isidingo somuntu ongubaba, esenziwe samuntu kubaba esingagxili kakhulu emthwalweni wakhe sinjena, senza u-Ángel nabafowabo abathathu bahambe kuleyandawo engaqondakali lapho uthando nenzondo zilwela ukuthatha imiphefumulo yezingane.
U-studiesngel ufunda umthetho nokuhlangenwe nakho kuqala ukuguqulwa kweBarcelona neMadrid emadolobheni amabili afuna indawo yawo phakathi kwesimanjemanje nokulangazelela. Phakathi kohlelo olusha lwezomthetho, isimo esisha seSpain ezweni elingenamuntu, u-Ángel ufuna ukuhleleka kwezinto nokuhleleka komndeni wakhe.
Izizathu zokuthi kungani ubaba engazinaki izingane zakhe, uma zikhona, nesizathu sokuthi ezinye izingane ziqhubeke nokufuna ubaba lapho bekungekho khona, zigudluze le ndaba yokuguquka komuntu uqobo ibe yinguquko kwezenhlalo.
Inoveli enhle yama-nuances, enokunyakaza okunzima kwesinye isikhathi kepha ngokufunda kokugcina okulula ngokusebenzisa izinhlamvu ezikwazi ukudlulisa imizwa eminingi futhi eminingi kangaka ehlanganiswe kuleso sikhala esiphindwe kabili, leso sethemba emphakathini omusha ovela ezweni elisha nokuthi ekubuyisaneni okungenzeka nalelo lizwe, igunya labazali alikaze lisetshenziswe.
izinqaba umlilo
Indaba yokugetshengwa ayilona iqiniso njengalapho yenziwa izingcezu nezingcezu zempilo, izingcezu ze-mosaic, izindaba ezingaphakathi ezilandiswa ngendlela ecacile nenhle ngendlela uMartínez de Pisón ekwazi ngayo ukuzihlanganisa. Imilando esemthethweni ihlobanisa izehlakalo njengezingubo ezingathungiwe. I-intrastories yombhali yenza konke kube nengqondo kobukele ofuna ukuqonda izehlakalo zanoma yisiphi isikhathi. Ubuhle banoma imuphi umbhali phambi kwanoma yikuphi ukulandisa okudlule kusekelwe kulowo mbono wezolo ofinyeleleka kunoma ubani obheka esikhathini esidlule ukuze ahlenge amaqiniso njengezibhakela...
Madrid, 1939-1945. Abaningi badonsa kanzima ukuze baqhubekele phambili edolobheni eligcwele indlala, ukuswela kanye nezimakethe. Njengo-Eloy, insizwa ekhubazekile ezama ukusindisa umfowabo oboshiwe ekugwetshweni ukufa; U-Alicia, isisebenzi sebhokisi lebhayisikobho yaseshashalazini olahlekelwa umsebenzi ngenxa yokulandela inhliziyo yakhe; Basilio, uprofesa wasenyuvesi obhekene nenqubo yokuhlanzwa; u-Falangist Matías, oshushumbisa izinto ezithathiwe, noma u-Valentín, okwazi ukwenza noma yibuphi ububi ukuze asuse ubudlamlilo bakhe bangaphambili. Abathungi, abafundi, amaphoyisa: izimpilo zabantu abavamile ngezikhathi ezingavamile.
I-Castles of Fire iyinoveli equkethe iqiniso eliningi kunezincwadi eziningi zomlando futhi edlulisa umsuka wesikhathi lapho ukwesaba kwacishe kwaqeda ithemba eladlula ngokwemvelo encithakalweni. Isikhathi sokwakhiwa kabusha lapho impi iphele khona kwabambalwa kuphela kodwa lapho kungekho muntu ophephile, noma labo abasukuma ezinyaweni zomashiqela noma labo abalwela ukumketula.
U-Ignacio Martínez de Pisón ubuya nenoveli yamakhwaya anomdlandla lapho exuba khona isilungiselelo somlando esihle kakhulu nesibhalwe phansi nekusasa elijabulisayo ledlanzana labalingiswa abangasoze balibaleka, elimele isiphetho somsebenzi omuhle wokubhala othweswe umqhele wezincwadi ezigujwa kakhulu abagxeki kanye nababhali. njengokuthi Idumela elihle, Ngakusasa namazinyo obisi.
Ifayela
Emsebenzini wakhe ojwayelekile wokuphenya umbuso kaFranco, uMartínez de Pisón muva nje usinikeze udaba oluphakathi kokumangazayo kanye ne-surreal, ukulandisa ngezehlakalo zangempela ezibonisa isikhathi esihlekisayo esasiphilwa yiSpain yakudala eyayithunjwe nguzwilakhe.
Kukhona abalingiswa abavela emlandweni njengobunzima beqiniso obubheke ku-protagonism eyedwa. AmaCharlatans ahlose ukuba yizakhi ezingadluli kuze kube kwenzeka ngokwazo ukuze abe ngamahlaya esikhashana kanye namahlaya anyamalala ngemuva kwesikhashana.
Futhi-ke, njengoba iminyaka ihamba, i-anecdotal ingabuya nokunye ukucatshangelwa okuhluke kakhulu, lokho kwezinhlamvu ezingajwayelekile ezinamahlaya futhi ezingenangqondo ezedlulele, ezingekho emthethweni, ezizwelayo futhi ezidlulele kakhulu kunalokho obekulindelekile. .
Kuphela amarekhodi alolu hlobo lwabalingiswa ahlala ezinqolobaneni zamaphephandaba lapho abacwaningi, ababukeli noma ababhali abanjengo-Ignacio Martínez de Pisón bagcina sebebathola ngenxa yesizathu esibi kunazo zonke. Ngemuva kwenoveli yakhe yakamuva, i-Natural Law, uMartínez de Pisón usinikeza incwadi enelukuluku lokwazi.
Ngenxa ka-Albert von Filek, uFranco wayesezocabanga ukuthi amandla akhe okuzimela angabonakala emazingeni ombuso womhlaba ofana noMbuso wakudala waseSpain. Lo muntu wase-Austrian, okwenhliziyo yakhe kubonakala sengathi uzalwe kakhulu nge-picaresque yaseSpain, wathi ubekwazi ukukhiqiza uphethiloli owenziwe ngamanzi asebenzayo nezinye izinto zezitshalo. Futhi-ke, umbuso wabona umthambo kuye.
Isimo esingajwayelekile segama lakhe, isikhundla sakhe njengososayensi owaziwayo, kanye nokuphepha kwakhe okuphoqelelwe kwagcina kumkholisile uFranco nomndeni wakhe. Kwaze kwaba sezingeni lapho izindaba zokukhiqizwa kukaphethiloli bomdabu zamenyezelwa ngesasasa elikhulu.
Usokhemisi uFilek wayefuna ukuvuna iSpain ngokunye okunikezwayo okulingayo okuvela kubakhiqizi bakawoyela emhlabeni jikelele. Into ethakazelisa kakhulu ngalolu daba ngokungangabazeki kungaba umbono kaFilek uqobo… wayezokuya kude kangakanani? Wayezoyithola kanjani imali kuFranco abaleke nefufusi yakhe iqhume ezandleni zikamashiqela?
Akungabazeki ukuthi kwakuyindlovukazi enkulu emlandweni wethu, omunye owesabekayo owadalula izinsizi zenkulumo-ze kaFranco ngawo lowo nyaka ayesanda kuthatha ngawo umbuso, ngo-1939. Njengoba lonke elaseYurophu lase ligcwele iMpi Yezwe II futhi sibonga usokhemisi omusha osanda kutholakala, uFranco angacabanga ukuthi ukunqotshwa kwezwe kwase kuseduze.
Indaba eyethulwe ngokucophelela nguMartínez de Pisón, umlando omnandi ngokusinda, ubuhlakani kanye nokwenzeka konke okwenziwe ku-Albert Von Filek.
