Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zikaFyodor Dostoyevsky

Akekho ongasho ukuthi uDostoyevsky wanikela ezandleni zezincwadi ngenxa yabalobi bezothando. Uma okuthile kungagqanyiswa ku- omkhulu UDostoyevsky Kungukushuba ngaphakathi komqondo ovusa isithunzi womuntu ngamunye wezinhlamvu zawo.

Kepha kwaba njalo. Ukunyakaza kothando, okuthi, yize wayesebanjiwe maphakathi nokubuyela kwakhe emuva, kwakusenethonya eliyisisekelo ekufundweni okwakusebenza njengokudla kokuqala kukaFyodor.

Okufanele ngabe kwenzekile ukuthi lo mbhali wathola ukuthi iqiniso linenkani. Izimo ezinesiyaluyalu kanye nokuwohloka kwezenhlalo yabantu baseRussia kwagcina sekulethe olunye uhlobo lweminyuziyamu olwalungokoqobo kakhulu futhi olwaluzimisele ukujula ekugcineni komphefumulo.

Ngobuhle bokulandisa okujabulisayo, naphezu kwalokhu, impikiswano yayo evamile yathatha lowo muzwa wesithukuthezi esivamile, esincane esivezwa abantu ababuswa, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ngokwesaba kanye nohlobo lokucatshangwa kokufa njengokuwukuphela kwesiphetho sabantu abazinikele kumbangela ye-tsarism. .

Ngaphezu kwaleyo nhloso yokubonisa ingaphakathi lomphakathi wezwe lakhe nokuthi ufuna umphefumulo ojulile wabalingiswa bakhe, uDostoyevski akakwazanga ukukugwema okwenzeka empilweni yakhe njengesisusa sokubhala. Ngoba isikhundla sakhe kwezepolitiki, esake sabonakala, nalapho ukuzinikela kwakhe kwezemibhalo kwase kungathathwa njengokuyingozi, kwagcina kumholele esigwebweni sokusebenza ngenkani eSiberia.

Ngenhlanhla waphunyula isigwebo sentambo ngokwakha uzungu futhi, ngemva kokusebenza ebuthweni laseRussia njengengxenye yesibili yesigwebo sakhe, wakwazi ukubhala futhi.

Amanoveli anconyiwe nguDostoyevsky

Isilima

Ngaphandle kokungabaza sibhekene nelinye lamanoveli omlingiswa amakhulu kakhulu. Konke okwenzeka kule noveli kwenzeka ngemibono yalaba balingiswa abaphelele bemibhalo yomhlaba. Intambo evamile okunzima ukuyichaza esakhiweni sendabuko sokulandisa futhi, nokho, ingqikithi evumelanayo egcina ihlanganisa imephu engenakulinganiswa yomcabango womuntu, wemizwa nokucabanga okugcina kusishukumisa sonke.

Umuntu ovezwe ezingxabanweni, ekulahlekelweni, ekuphelelweni yithemba, ugcina esezihoxisile, ethola izihogo zakhe kanye namaqiniso okugcina okuba khona. Ukube u-Dostoyevsky wayengudokotela wezifo zengqondo, kungenzeka ukuthi wayenqume ukugula emehlweni esiguli, ezenzweni zakhe, ku-rictus yakhe. Izincazelo zabalingiswa abakule noveli ngokusobala azinakutholwa yinoma yimuphi omunye usiba.

Indaba efingqiwe: Kubhalwe phakathi neminyaka lapho uFyodor M. Dostoyevski (1821-1881) ezulazula eYurophu ehlukunyezwa ngabakweletwayo, abagulayo nabaswele, "I-Idiot" (1868) ngokungangabazeki ingenye yezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu zezincwadi.

Le noveli, ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kugxile embonweni wokumelela i-archetype yokuphelela kokuziphatha, ineNkosana uMyshkin njengomlingiswa wayo oyinhloko - umlingisi ofana noRaskolnikov ngoBugebengu Nesijeziso noma u-Stavrogin ku-"The Demons" - ubuntu bakhe, ngokuphawulekayo, unikeza lo msebenzi isihloko sawo.Ukuzalwa kwazo zonke izimfanelo ezinhle ezihlobene nomoya wobuKristu, uMyshkin, nokho, ngokuxakayo, akenzi lutho ngaphandle kokuphazamisa, kanye nempilo yakhe, yeningi lalabo abeza kuye.

Ubugebengu nokujeziswa

Ngiyazi ukuthi ungase ungavumelani ngendawo yesibili enikezwe lo msebenzi. Kodwa ngokuqinisekile ngangiyithanda i-Idiot kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho esengikushilo kakade. Kuyacaca ukuthi le noveli, ebhalwe yinoma yimuphi omunye umbhali, izoba sendaweni yayo yokuqala ngoba le noveli iba ukuphikisana okungokwemetaphysical okugqama kakhulu emibhalweni yomhlaba.

Indaba efingqiwe: Le noveli, engenye yezincwadi ezinkulu kunazo zonke futhi ehlala isikhathi eside emibhalweni yomhlaba, iqukethe izingqikithi ezimbili zesici sikaDostoyevsky: ubudlelwano phakathi kwecala nesijeziso kanye nomqondo wamandla wokuhlenga ukuhlupheka kwabantu, okubeka ngamandla ukungqubuzana phakathi kokuhle nokubi , lokho kubambelela kokuziphatha okuhlala njalo emsebenzini wombhali.

Ngaphansi kohlaka lwezemvelo lwenoveli yethisisi, kunenganekwane yokufanisa nokuziphatha. UDostoyevsky uphawula ukuthi isijeziso asesabisi isigebengu, "ngoba vele ngokokuziphatha ufuna isijeziso."

Abazalwane bakaKaramazov

Ubudlelwano babantu buyiphutha. Kungacatshangwa ukuthi ngempela umuntu uyimpisi yomuntu noma, ngokuphambene nalokho, kungahunyushwa ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa kanye nemfundo ezungeze izakhiwo zomphakathi ezingaguquki kuhlanganiswe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okuhle okuvumela ukunyakaza ngezikhathi ezithile ukuya ebubini. izidalwa zigcina zithatha njengento engokwemvelo. Inoveli emayelana nokusebenzelana komphakathi. Isibuko seqiniso laseRussia njengesibonisi lapho singabona khona noma yimuphi omunye umphakathi.

Indaba efingqiwe: Kubazalwane baseKaramázov, umsebenzi wokugcina nokuhlanganiswa okukhulu komcabango wakhe nobuciko bakhe, ukhulisa ukukholelwa kwakhe okuseduze ngesidingo soshintsho olukhulu emiphakathini yezenhlalo nezokuziphatha zesintu.

Umbhali uveza isithombe esibuhlungu somphakathi wesikhathi sakhe futhi usola inkohlakalo ebangelwe ngamandla emali, izinkanuko ezingalawulwa, ubugovu kanye nehlazo elingokomoya. Le noveli - umsebenzi wokugcina wombhali omkhulu - iveza isithombe esiphelile somphakathi waseRussia maphakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye.

UDostoevsky ungumpetha we-quintessential wokudweba ngamagama ukuthi abantu babusungula kanjani ubudlelwano obonakele, basebenzelana futhi bonakalisane ngemali, futhi babonakalise izinkanuko zezilwane. Ukushona kukaKaramazov - umnikazi womhlaba ononya nongenangqondo - kubeka izinsolo emadodaneni akhe amabili, anezizathu ezingaphezu kwesisodwa zokuzonda uyise.

Indodana yesithathu, u-Alyosha, onomusa futhi omsulwa, ukhululekile kuzo zonke izinkokhelo namaphrojekthi esikhathini esizayo. Le noveli ifingqa ukukhathazeka kwefilosofi nezenkolo kukaDostoevsky: ubuzalwane bomhlaba wonke, ukuvela kweRussia "enonya", nokubuyiselwa komuzwa weqiniso wenkolo.