1852 - 1901 ... Umlando uvame ukusinikeza, ngemithamo engenakuphikwa yobungqinamba bemilingo, abanye babahlakaniphi abakhulu ababekezelela ukubonga kokuphikisayo, kulowo omunye umdali onamandla alinganayo futhi kumuntu wakhe into eyinqaba yokubuyisela nokwazisa isungulwe. umona.
Okuthile okunje kwenzeke nge UBenito Pérez Galdós y Clarín, bobabili abasinda ngasekupheleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye elacwila umbuso wakudala waseSpain emthunzini wawo wokudangala. Isithunzi esigcine sikhosele ngaphansi kwengubo yaso emnyama abanye ababhali abakhulu nababhali bezindaba ezifana U-Emilia Pardo Bazán o UJuan Varela.
Ngokuqondene ne Ukuzinikela kukaClarín kule noveli Ukhathazekile, isici sakhe sokuqala safinyelela umthelela omkhulu kangangokuthi wayesezongcwaba noma iyiphi enye incwadi elandisayo kuleyo nhlanganisela yemikhuba kanye namaqiniso lapho kufakwe khona umbono wokulahleka kwezwe elalimele, ngaphandle kwemingcele noma izindwangu ezishisayo ngemuva kwenguquko ka-1868. Inguquko futhi emkhakheni wezamasiko kwaba umzamo wokuqala wesimanjemanje nenkululeko.
Kodwa UClarín ungaphezu kakhulu kweLa Regenta, ngoba ipeni lakhe elibanzi (okushiwo ngalo, wabhala ngendlela engaqondakali yanoma ngubani omunye umuntu) akaze ame, waqamba isamba samanoveli, amanoveli amafushane, ama-eseyi nezindaba namuhla ezingatholakala kumanothi amnandi.
Amanoveli we-Clarín aphezulu amathathu anconyiwe:
I-Regent
KuKesari okukaKesari. Futhi kokungokoqobo kwaseSpain kugcina kukukhulisile. Ngoba akukho lutho olungokoqobo kunombono wesifazane womhlaba omhlaselayo.
U-Ana Ozores yilowo wesifazane ohlanganiswe ndawonye ngamaphethini amadala wokuziphatha namasiko omndeni ongasondele ndawo kunalokho okwakuyikho. U-Ana uhlala eVetusta, idolobha noma kunalokho indawo emisiwe ngezikhathi ezimpunga, indlalifa yamasiko futhi ehlala ecashe ngecala nokuzisola okuyinkulungwane.
Ukwenza u-Ana kulowo muzi kungaphezu kokungenakwenzeka. Isithandwa esingenakwenzeka emshadweni esingenzeka sisinde. Ukudonsa kowesifazane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa lapho enanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwethonya kuzwakala njengokuhlambalaza kokuziphatha.
Inoveli ekhuluma ngokungeneliseki kokuphila nangesilingo esincanyana njengokuhlaselwa kwesihogo. Kodwa-ke, i-corset yensimbi yawo wonke umuntu kufanele ithole iphuzu lokunyamalala, indlela yokuphunyuka egcina ivusa umbono wobuzenzisi obusonteke kakhulu bezwe obubola njalo.
Indodana yakhe ezelwe yodwa
Angazi ukuthi kungani le noveli ibhalwe ukuthi ingaphansi kweLa Regenta ngaleso sikhathi. Mhlawumbe kungenxa yokuthinta okuthile okweqa umthetho uma kungenzeka ngokuya ngokugxekwa kokuziphatha kobuzenzisi okungafinyelela kokuthile okungcwele njengobuntwana ...
Ngoba ukuphinga bekuvele kuvela eLa Regenta. Mhlawumbe yilokho ukugobeka okusongekile kwalesi sakhiwo lapho ukungathembeki okwabelwana ngakho ngesikhathi nasendaweni yindoda nomfazi. Ngoba uBonifacio no-Emma basezingeni elilinganayo. Bobabili banqotshwa yilolo thando olungalindelekile oluvela kwezinye izingalo.
Kuphela ukuthi ugcina isithelo sethuba lothando esiswini sakhe futhi kuzofanele anqume ukuthi enzeni uma iqiniso seliveziwe ngu-Emma, ngoba iqiniso ukuthi akasamfuni ...
Izindaba zikaClarín
UCarlín owaziwa kancane nguyena ohlala ezindabeni eziningi nakuma -velvels okujabulisa ukuwavakashela ngezikhathi ezithile ukujabulela lokho kulandwa kweqiniso ngampela, kobungokwemvelo okuthatha inselelo yokuqala ukukhuluma ngomlando , ngempilo nangekusasa ngaphandle kobuciko obuyisisekelo.
Futhi iqiniso liwukuthi akukho lutho olungalungile emlandweni wezincwadi ezimfushane kunokukhohlwa umxoxi wezindaba wokuqala omkhulu wezincwadi zesimanje ngesiSpanishi. Ezinye izindaba lapho abanye abalingiswa abafakwe ezimeni ezincane bacwebezela kakhulu ukuze baveze obala iqiniso labo, umbono wabo othile ngezwe obekufanele bawuphile. Imiqulu eminingi ihlanganisa izindaba ezinhle namanoveli amafushane kaClarín:
