Izincwadi ezi-5 ezihamba phambili emlandweni

Akudingekile ukuba kube izincwadi ezithengiswa kakhulu, noma ezidume kakhulu. Akufanele futhi siphikelele ekukhipheni izinga lokulandisa eBhayibhelini noma kuyiKoran, iTorah noma iTalmud, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukufinyelela ngokomoya gcwalisa ezinye izinhlobo zamakholwa noma ezinye...

Kimina imayelana nokukhomba izincwadi eziphawula izikhathi, ezidlula isikhathi sazo futhi zingathola ukufundwa okusha kubantu (noma ngisho nakubafokazi uma ngolunye usuku singakwazi ukushiya ifa elibhaliwe lempucuko yethu) kusukela ezikhathini ezihluke kakhulu. Kungale ndlela kuphela lapho umsebenzi wokuzenzisa ungakhetha amanoveli amahle kakhulu emlandweni.

Yebo, ngithe amanoveli ngoba izozama inganekwane njengesisefo sokuqala futhi ngaleyo ndlela silahla izazi zefilosofi, ongqondongqondo, abaguquli kanye nabanye ababhala umlando wekusasa loBuntu. Sisele namanoveli noma izindaba, nokuvezwa kobukhona bethu, ezivela ezinhlelweni ezehlisa umuntu emzabalazweni waphakade phakathi kokuhle nokubi, nendlela abalingiswa abahlukaniswe ngayo yonke imikhakha yabo yomzimba, yengqondo neyomzwelo. Inganekwane LITERATURE enosonhlamvukazi.

Amanoveli aphezulu ayi-5 anconyiwe emlandweni wezincwadi

Ukubalwa kweMonte Cristo

I-tragicomedy yempilo njenge-adventure. Ukuqina ngokuthintana kwezothando, izithunzi zenoveli emnyama ekude ezungeze okubi kakhulu kwesimo somuntu. Indaba engemuva ye-avant-garde ngaleso sikhathi kodwa eyayihlonipha indlela yakudala yokuqala, maphakathi nesiphetho. Kuphela ukuthi ifindo liwukwakhiwa okunembayo kwamafindo engeziwe akhiwe ngeketango. Inkokhelo ngayinye ehlakaniphile ekugcineni ihlanganise uhlaka lwenethiwekhi oluhehayo.

Ukuphihlizeka komkhumbi, imigodi, ukubaleka, ukubulawa, ukubulawa, ukukhashelwa, ukudliswa ushevu, ukuzenza ongeyena, ingane engcwatshwe iphila, intokazi evusiwe, imigede, abashushumbisi, izigelekeqe... konke lokhu ukuze kwakhiwe isimo esingesona esangempela, esingavamile, esimnandi, esiklanyelwe umuntu omkhulu. ohambayo kuyo. Futhi konke lokhu kuhlanganiswe noveli yamasiko, afanele ukulinganiswa nabantu besikhathi sikaBalzac.

Kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, wonke umsebenzi ugxile embonweni wokuziphatha: ububi kufanele bujeziswe. Ukubala, kusukela kulokho kuphakama okumnika ukuhlakanipha, ingcebo kanye nokuphathwa kwemicu yetulo, kumi "njengesandla sikaNkulunkulu" ukusabalalisa imiklomelo nezijeziso nokuphindiselela ubusha bakhe obuphukile nothando. Kwesinye isikhathi lapho enza izimanga ukuze asindise olungile ekufeni, umfundi ukhungatheka. Ngezinye izikhathi, lapho eshaya amagalelo angapheli eziphindiselela, sizizwa sithuthumela.

I-Quijote

Ukujabula ngefomu nengqikithi, indida, i-erudition ngephimbo elidumile (ibhalansi cishe engenakwenzeka kunoma yimuphi umlandisi ngaphandle kwe-Cervantes). Izigigaba nezigigaba zikaDon Quixote zichichima umcabango kuzo zonke izinhlangothi. Kodwa wonke umfundi ohlakaniphile uyaqaphela ngokushesha ukuthi ngale kohambo lukaDon Quixote noSancho Panza kunemizekeliso eminingi, ukufundisa nokuziphatha. Uhlanya olunjengaye luyakwazi ukukhombisa ngesahluko ngasinye esisha ukuthi ukuqonda kuyifa lalabo abacabanga ngomhlaba begibele amahhashi indlela yawo efanayo.

Don Quixote igama elikhethwe ngu Alonso quijano ngezigigaba zakhe njengomuntu ophambukayo emsebenzini wenganekwane UMnumzane Onobuhlakani uDon Quijote waseLa Mancha, incwadi yomlobi waseSpain Miguel de Cervantes.

Mncane, mude futhi unamandla, Alonso quijano Wayewathanda kakhulu amanoveli e-chivalric, kangangokuthi waqala ukuhlushwa ama-allucinations futhi azikholelwa ukuthi uyi-knight-errant ebizwa ngokuthi. Don Quixote. Ezinyangeni zakhe zokufuna intokazi yakhe esemcabangweni, I-Dulcinea del Toboso, wayephelezelwa USancho Panza, indoda yezwe engokoqobo futhi esebenza kanzima, njenge-squire.

Don Quixote ubeka ukuphila kwakhe engozini izikhathi eziningana futhi ahlanganise ubuhlanya nezikhathi zokuqonda okukhulu, kanye nokubonisa ukungazi okukhulu abalingisi abaningi bencwadi—abahlakaniphile ngokomcabango—abazama ukusizakala ngakho.

I-Adventures ka Don Quixote ziyaphela lapho esehlulwe nguye I-Bachelor Carrasco egqoke njengengcweti Uphoqeleke ukuthi abuyele ekhaya futhi alahle impilo yobukhazikhazi, Don Quixote ubuyelwa yingqondo kodwa uyafa ukudangala.

Amakha

UPatrick Süskind wabaleka nale noveli. UChance wayefuna ukuthi lo mbhali waseJalimane ahlangane neyodwa yamanoveli ayingqayizivele, ajabulisayo futhi ahlaba umxhwele emlandweni wezincwadi. Umlingiswa kaGrenouille ufinyelela umfutho ofanayo noka-Don Quixote ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwakhe. Ngoba uGrenouille uphila kabi ngokulahlwa kwakhe njengoba kulethwa ezijezisweni zakudala zonkulunkulu bamaGreki. Akekho ongayihogela ngoba ayinaphunga.

Wonke umuntu uyamphika ngenxa yobukhona bakhe obuphazamisayo obulingisa ukungabi nalutho, ukungabi nalutho... Nokho, inzwa yokuhogela kaGrenouille ikwazi ukwenza konke, ukuhlanganisa lelo phunga elivusa ukuphila, uthando, ukufa, ngisho nemiphumela yakhe yokugcina.

Kusukela osizini azalelwa kulo, elahliwe ekunakekelweni kwezindela ezithile, uJean-Baptiste Grenouille ulwa nesimo sakhe futhi ukhuphuka izikhundla zomphakathi, waba umkhandi odumile. Udala amakha akwazi ukumenza anganakwa noma azwele, uthando, ububele... Ukuze athole la mafomula ahlakaniphile kufanele abulale amantombazane asemancane, athole uketshezi lwemizimba futhi ancibilikise iphunga lawo eliseduze. Ubuciko bakhe buba ubuqili obuphakeme futhi obuphazamisayo besandla. U-Patrick Süskind, osephenduke umpetha wesayensi yemvelo eyindida, usidlulisela umbono omuncu nodumazayo womuntu encwadini egcwele ukuhlakanipha okuphunga, umcabango kanye nenjabulo enkulu. Ukukholisa kwakhe kufana nokomlingiswa wakhe futhi usinikeza ukucwiliswa okubhaliwe othini lwemvelo lwephunga kanye nakulasha ophazamisayo womoya womuntu.

Izwe elijabulisayo

I-Dystopia njengetulo ezincwadini iyinto eseduze kakhulu ekuhlaziyweni kokugxekwa komphakathi okungabhekwana nenganekwane kuphela ukuze sonke siqaphe. Njengoba umhlaba wethu usungulwe waba imiphakathi egxile kakhulu, ngemuva kweNguquko Yezimboni, indlela engcwatshiwe yokucwasa iye yalungiswa ngokunembile ekuthuthukisweni kwentando yeningi njengenani eliphakeme kakhulu. Uma intando yeningi ngokwayo iyinto embi kakhulu yezinhlelo zenhlalo, lapho amafu amnyama aphazamisayo e-dystopian ebonakala, izinto ziba zimbi futhi ingxenye yegama elithi "demos" ihlanekezelwe ngokuphelele.

Ngale kwe-Utopia ka-Tomás Moró okwavela kuyo lo mbono wakamuva ophikisayo, u-Huxley waba ngowokuqala ukubheka okungenzeka, ekhukhuleka ngokunokwenzeka uma amandla ephikelela ekuthumeleni ngendlela enobuqili kakhulu, ebaluleke kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi. Umphumela uba umanduleli wenoveli ohlale odingekayo ku-1984 ngo Orwell noma Ipulazi Lezilwane ngombhali ofanayo.

Ukuba yiphayona lomkhiqizo. Futhi njengoba wonke umkhakha ususuliwe ku-Huxley, izwe lakhe elisha elinesibindi liyinoveli yamanoveli e-dystopian, umsebenzi obalulekile wesigqi sawo, vele, kodwa futhi nesizinda esiphawuliwe.

Impi nokuthula

Yiqiniso, umsebenzi onzima lapho zikhona. Kodwa yilokho okuphathelene nakho, akunjalo? Lapho sifunda inoveli emnandi, ingxenye yethu ifisa sengathi ayisoze yaphela, noma sizizwa kanjalo lapho sivula ikhasi lokugcina. Futhi uma lokhu kwenzeka, lapho umsebenzi unwetshwa ubusuku ngabunye bokufunda, ngokujabula okucishe kube yi-orgasmic yobuhlakani (angazi noma lokhu kwakamuva kuwukuphikisana okuphelele), sikhala ngokuthi isikhathi eside kangakanani...

Yebo, amakhulu namakhulu amakhasi abonakala ebucayi kakhulu uma ungakaqali ukufunda. Uma isakhiwo sesimisiwe, sisenza siphile kuleyo ngqungquthela ekhuluma ngayo yonke into kusukela komlando kuya kokukhona. Mhlawumbe iqiniso lokuthi yavezwa ekuqaleni kwayo njengomsebenzi ngezitolimende kuyinikeza ukuhlonza kwayo okuyingqayizivele njengomsebenzi ohlukahlukene, i-mosaic engalindelekile futhi enomlingo eyenza sihlole imininingwane ngokushesha nje lapho isikhipha kungazelelwe endizeni ukuze thina angabona yonke into ecatshangelwayo ephelele njengoba sibheka kabanzi izehlakalo zomlando nabalingiswa.

Iqoshwe kumagazini i-Russian Messenger phakathi kuka-1865 no-1867 kanye nefomu lencwadi ngo-1869, Impi Nokuthula ayizange iyeke ukubangela ukudideka ngesikhathi sayo futhi, kuze kube namuhla, imizamo evuthayo yokuchaza. Abalingiswa abakhulu bakha isithombe esimele i-aristocracy yaseRussia yasekuqaleni kwekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. U-Tolstoy ujoyina ama-avatar akhe ngesikhathi seziMpi ZaseNapoleonic nalawo ezibalo zomlando kanye nawabantu abavamile, ahlanganisa ama-epic kanye nasekhaya, umphakathi kanye nabasondelene, ngokuvamile ngokubuka okungalindelekile: hhayi nje lokho okushiwo umyalo ophezulu. eyentombazanyana eneminyaka eyisithupha... noma eyehhashi.