E-Ginzburg sithola inani lesiphephelo se-eseyi yamanje ekuphakameni kwe Noam Chomsky. Kuphela ukuthi e-Ginzburg sijabulela umxoxi onezinhloso ezinkulu zokubhala. Ngesizinda somlando esingenakuphikwa, i-Ginzburg isinika umbono ngendlela ye-mosaic yokuziphendukela kwemvelo komuntu kusukela kumibono elula ehambisanayo njengoba icebisa.
Konke okuzwakalayo kukhomba enganekwaneni engaphezu kweqiniso. Ngoba akuwona wonke amarekhodi asemthethweni alandisa ngalokho okwasindiswa yi-Ginzburg. Kodwa ngokunembile ekuhlobiseni ngephuzu eliyinoveli, elihlala linqunywa ngokuphelele yingqikithi yesikhathi ngasinye, sijabulela umbono obanzi kunombhalo nje ofakwe okumnyama kokumhlophe ngoba uNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi yini ayithandayo.
Umlando uvame ukuba yindaba yokholo. Izincwadi zaseGinzburg zimane ziyindaba yozwela, uzwela olunamathoni wokuqiniseka okuphelele. Ngoba zonke izehlakalo ezinkulu izikhathi eziningi ziba zishiya imininingwane emincane ehlanganisa yonke into ukuze zenze izinsuku zesikhathi esidlule zisondelane namaqiniso okuqonda kangcono nakakhulu ngokwamaphi amaqiniso.
Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili zikaCarlo Ginzburg
ushizi kanye nezikelemu
Ngisho Nokho iyanyakaza UGalileo Galilei wayenabanduleli bakhe. Ukubhekana neNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki kwakungesona isidlo esimnandi kunoma ubani owayazi ukuthanda imililo evuthayo, ukuphangwa nokunye ukuzijabulisa kwabadabuki abangavimbeki. Iphuzu liwukuthi kule ncwadi sithola omunye walabo ababengaphambi kwesikhathi sakhe ngisho nangaphambi kwalabo ababengaphambi kwezikhathi ezizayo. Indaba eyingqayizivele njengoba ijabulisa...
INorthern Italy, ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XNUMX. IHhovisi Elingcwele lisola umgayi, uDomenico Scandella, bonke abambiza ngoMenocchio, ngokuhlubuka. Ummangalelwa ugcizelela ukuthi umhlaba wavela "esiphithiphithi" lapho "kuvela khona inqwaba, njengoba ushizi wenziwa ngobisi, futhi kuwo kwakhiwe izibungu, futhi lezi kwakuyizingelosi." Kuzo zonke izinqubo ezimbili zokuqulwa kwecala, i-cosmogony engavamile yommangalelwa iphikisana ngenkani neyalabo abamphenya ngemibuzo.
Kusukela ekuhlaziyweni kwezinkolelo zikaMenocchio ―ekugcineni watholakala enecala futhi wagwetshwa ukushisa esigxotsheni― kanye namarekhodi omthetho wecala, uCarlo Ginzburg wakha kabusha kulesi sigaba sakudala ucezu lwalokho okubizwa ngokuthi "isiko elidumile" ―elilahlwa njengokuthi , ukucwaswa - okuma, ngenxa yobubodwa, njengophawu lwesikhathi sakho futhi njengohlobo lwesixhumanisi esilahlekile ezweni elimnyama, elingenakufana namanje, kodwa esikweletwa kulo ngandlela thize.
Intambo nemikhondo. Iqiniso, amanga, amanga
Iqiniso lingaba yi-synthesis kuphela. Futhi indlela yokuthola ukuthi i-alchemy yeqiniso ekugcineni ingavela kuphela esiphambanweni lapho kulahlwa khona yonke into yomuntu. Umphumela uba umgudu ojabulisayo wamathonya phakathi kwenganekwane, imfihlakalo, isayensi, enengqondo kanye nengenangqondo. Iqiniso nenganekwane, i-subjectivism ezinikele ekugcwalisekeni kwenhloso. Iphupho lesizathu likhiqiza izilo. Kodwa kumele uhlale nabo uma ufuna isiqiniseko...
Ukuze uhlole ubudlelwano obuningi phakathi kweqiniso elingokomlando, amanga kanye nenganekwane, uCarlo Ginzburg uhlola izindikimba ezihlukene kakhulu: amaJuda avela eMenorca naseBrazilian cannibals, ama-shaman nabathengisi basendulo, ezothando zangeNkathi Ephakathi, Imithetho Yabadala BaseZiyoni, ukuthwebula izithombe nokufa uVoltaire, Stendhal, Flaubert, Auerbach, Kracauer, Montaigne. Ngokumelene nokuthambekela kokungabaza kwangemva kwesimanje kokufiphaza umngcele phakathi kwezindaba eziqanjiwe nokulandisa komlando, umbhali ukhuluma lobu budlelwano njengengxabano yokumelwa kweqiniso, ukungqubuzana okwenziwe izinselele, ukubolekwa kwemali okuphindiwe, kanye nokuhlanganisa.
Amehlo amakhulu okhuni: Imifanekiso eyisishiyagalolunye ebangeni
Ngokungqubuzana okucacile ne-ethnocentrism ephuphuthekisa kakhulu. Indawo yokunethezeka kwesintu ukuqashelwa komuntu siqu njengento engenakunqotshwa. Umhlaba wehliswa waba isizwe kanye nemingcele yezwe lakubo. Ngaphandle kokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, umfutho we-reductio ad absurdum ubonakala ukhula. Uhambo nolwazi lwezinye izindawo lungase lungasenzi sibe ngcono kodwa lungasenza sihlakaniphe, hhayi kakhulu ngabanye, kodwa mayelana nokungcono kakhulu esingaba nakho ngokuhlala njalo endaweni yethu.
Kule ncwadi uCarlo Ginzburg uphenya, ngokwemibono eyahlukene, amandla okuqonda nokuziphatha, akhayo nawonakalisayo okusiphula nebanga. Kungani isiko elide liye lathi ukugqolozela kwesihambi (kwesihluku, somlimi, sesilwane) amandla okuveza amanga omphakathi? Kungani isitayela sisetshenziswe ezikhathini eziningi ukufaka noma ukukhipha okuhlukile ngokwesiko? Amehlo amakhulu okhuni asinikeza imibono emisha kukho konke lokhu nasemhlabeni, eduze nakude nathi.
