Iqiniso lokuthi iFrankfurt iwumbukiso omkhulu wezohwebo ngezincwadi emhlabeni akukona nje ukuqondana. Isiko lokubhala laseJalimane lisiholela kumapeni amakhulu ane-halo yokudlulela kunoma yiluphi uhlobo umuntu alubhekayo. Kusukela eqinisweni eliseduze kakhulu nomhlaba kanye nezimo zawo kuya ephusheni elikude kakhulu lomhlaba wethu. Umbalisi waseJalimane uhlala ebonakala ohlotsheni ngalunye emi phakathi kwesilinganiso. Nge-solvency yobufakazi bebhomu eqinisekisa hhayi kuphela uhlaka lukazibuthe lwabafundi bohlobo ngalunye, kodwa futhi iphuzu lokusungula elihlala lidlula ubuzwe futhi livela kubantu ababusiswe ngama-muses.
Mhlawumbe yimina nje, kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lombhali waseJalimane osemsebenzini, ungezwa umbono wokuphila okuthakazelisayo ngemithamo enembile edingekayo ohlotsheni ngalunye. Futhi uma siqagela kungase kube ngenxa yomphumela oyingqayizivele wendawo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi iNorth Sea kanti ngakolunye iBaltic ifinyelela ekungqubuzaneni kwayo eJalimane engaphakathi, isakaza iziphakamiso ezilandisayo ezimaphakathi nezwe njengamananela akude wenhlabamkhosi. Eqinisweni, i-romanticism yazalwa emazweni aseTeutonic ...
Ngaphandle kwalokho, nakhu sihamba nokukhetha kwami ​​kwezincwadi ezinhle kakhulu zesiJalimane. Njengokukhetha kwami ​​kwe ababhali bakwamanye amazweNgigxila ezikhathini zakamuva.
Ababhali BaseJalimane Abayi-10 Abaphezulu Abanconyiwe
Thomas Mann
Akekho owaziyo ukuthi wayezoba ngumlobi onjani Thomas Mann eYurophu engenazimpi. Kepha ezimweni ayehlala kuzo, kusuka eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala kuya Kweyesibili Yesikhathi, phakathi nenkathi yezimpi kanye nesikhathi sokugcina sangemva kwempi, ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwezepolitiki njengesivikelo sobuhlakani akuzange kumshiye engenandaba, noma ngabe kwakubiza malini. Into ehlekisayo ukuthi UThomas Mann waba ngumbono wezinhlangothi zombili, iphendukela ngokuqhubekayo ngakwesobunxele njengoba ubuNazi babuthola isikhala futhi busebenzisa amandla abo njenganoma imuphi umthetho.
Edingisiwe emazweni amaningana, isakhamuzi saseMelika iminyaka eminingi kwaze kwaba yilapho umbono wakhe wobunxele usumgcina futhi embeka kulelo lizwe isitha salo esisha kwakuyiRussia.
Umbhali ophumelele kakhulu, okokuqala ezweni lakubo laseJalimane futhi kamuva emhlabeni wonke, lapho izincwadi zakhe zazingavunyelwe eJalimane. Ubaba wamadodana njengombono onjengaye ongazange anqikaze ukufaka amabutho alwa nobuNazi. Umklomelo kaNobel Kwezincwadi ngo-1929.
Akungabazeki ukuthi impilo exakekile yalo mbhali, mhlawumbe umbhali onemininingwane engcono kakhulu wezinto ezazihlala eYurophu phakathi nengxabano yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ukuba ngumbhali ophawulwe ngezinkolelo zakhe eziqinile (nakuba ephikisa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi) kanye nezimo zakhe, umsebenzi wakhe ugcina uhlanganiswe nalelo qiniso eliyinkimbinkimbi laseYurophu. Kodwa ukufunda okuyisisekelo nakho kuletha injabulo engenakuqhathaniswa yezincwadi ezinhle.
UMichael Ende
Kukhona ukufundwa okubili okumnandi okudingeka ngokuphelele kuyo yonke ingane eqala ezincwadini. Omunye yiNkosana Encane, ngu U-Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, kanti omunye ngu Indaba engapheli, of UMichael Ende. Ngale ndlela. Ngibize nge-nostalgic, kepha angicabangi ukuthi kuwumqondo ophusile ukukhulisa leso sisekelo sokufunda, singapheli yize kuhamba phambili isikhathi. Akuwona umbuzo wokucabangela ukuthi ubuntwana nobusha bomuntu buhamba phambili, kunalokho, kumayelana nokutakula okuhamba phambili kwesikhathi ngasinye ukuze kudlulele okwengeziwe "kokufinyelela" kokudala..
Njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka kwezinye izikhathi eziningi, umsebenzi wobuciko, indalo enkulukazi yombhali igcina imsibekele. UMichael Ende wabhala izincwadi ezingaphezu kwamashumi amabili, kodwa ekugcineni Indaba yakhe Engapheli (eya ebhayisikobho futhi yabuyekezwa kamuva nje yezingane zanamuhla), yagcina iyindalo engenakufinyeleleka ngisho nakumbhali ngokwakhe ehlezi ngokuphindaphindiwe phambi kwekhoneni lakhe lokubhala. . Ngeke kube khona okufanekisela noma ukuqhubeka komsebenzi ophelele. Ukwesula, mngane u-Ende, cabanga ukuthi ukuzuzile, nakuba lokhu kwakusho ukulinganiselwa kwakho kamuva... Noma kunjalo, ngenxa yokufaneleka okukhethekile kwenoveli yakhe enkulu, kwadingeka ngibeke phezulu endabeni kaTeutonic.
UPatrick Suskind
Kuyamangaza ukuthi ngivala inkundla yababalisi baseJalimane ngomunye u-hit emangalisayo. Kodwa wukuthi ekaSuskind ifana kakhulu neka-Ende. Ngokuqinisekile azoba ngesinye sezimo eziphawuleka kakhulu emlandweni wezincwadi emakhulwini eminyaka amuva nje.
Njengoba ngisho, abanye ababhali, abaculi, abaculi nanoma yibaphi abanye abadali banenhlanhla, inhlanhla noma ukumiselwa kusengaphambili ukudala umsebenzi wobuciko ngaphandle kweze. Endabeni yobuciko obuhle bokubhala, UPatrick Süskind Ngokwami ​​omunye walabo abathintwa yinhlanhla noma uNkulunkulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nginesiqiniseko sokuthi inoveli yakhe ethi El perfume yabhalwa ngokushesha. Ngeke kube ngenye indlela. Ukuphelela okuphelele (akukho okuhlanganisa izithunzi noma imizamo eyize) akuhambisani nesiyalo kodwa ngenhlanhla, ku-ephemeral. Ubuhle obuphelele buyindaba yokuphrinta, ye-delirium, akukho lutho oluhlangene nokunengqondo.
Othile noma okuthile bekunezandla zomlobi ekugcineni ukubhala umsebenzi onjalo ophelele. Kuhlelo inoveli edumile Amakha, umuzwa: iphunga, lithatha amandla alo weqiniso wezinzwa, akhulekelwa yisimanjemanje, ngokubonakalayo nangokubukwayo. Akuyona imemori enamandla kakhulu kunanini lapho ihlanganiswa nephunga?
Okudabukisayo kuza kamuva. Njengomdali uyazi ukuthi ngeke uphinde ukwenze, ngoba bekungesiyena, bekuyizandla zakho ezibuswa ngabanye, ziphethwe ngabanye. Akunjalo, mngane Patrick? Kungakho usahlala ungumbhali onethunzi. Ngaphandle kokubonisa impilo yomphakathi ukukhungatheka kwakho ngokwazi inkazimulo yenqubo yokudala.
Hermann Hesse
Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-XNUMX kwakukhona ababhali ababili baseYurophu ababegqama kakhulu, omunye wayesevele ephakanyisiwe. Thomas Mann futhi enye yileyo engiyibeka lapha endaweni yesine: Hermann Hesse. Bobabili babengamaJalimane futhi bobabili bahamba leyo ndlela ebabayo beya ekuhlukaniseni izwe ababembuka ngokumangala.
Futhi kusukela kulokho kuhlukaniswa bakwazi ukunikeza i-existentialist, i-fatalistic, izincwadi ezimangalisayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulungisa kusukela emcabangweni wokuthi ukusinda kokubi kakhulu kungaholela ekukhululekeni kanye namazwibela ayiqiniso kakhulu enjabulo. Kungenzeka kanjani ukuthi kube ngenye indlela, bagcina sebengabangane ekuzwaneni kwabo kokudala. Futhi kwazi bani mhlawumbe bagcina ngokuphakelana ukubhala eminye yemisebenzi yabo emihle.
Eqinisweni, ngaba manqikanqika ukubehlukanisa kulesi simo. Kodwa u-Ende noSüskind babonakala bethakazelisa kakhulu kimi ngenxa yekhono labo eliyingqayizivele lokuqamba imisebenzi yobuciko eyagcina ibashwabadela bobabili. U-Hesse ubhale izincwadi ezinhle phakathi kwesingathekiso ngokusikwa kwefilosofi okushelelayo phakathi kwezakhiwo naleyo nsalela yenhlekelele nokuqina. Iningi lezincwadi zakhe livakashelwa namuhla ngabafundi abafuna ugqozi. Ezenziwe e-Hesse imifanekiso edlula isikhathi sazo ngenxa yolwazi lwazo olukhulu lomphefumulo womuntu, imizwa kanye nama-horizons njengemigomo ebheke ekusindeni okuphelele ngangokunokwenzeka.
UCharlotte Link
Umbhali oguquguqukayo lapho zikhona, okwazi ukwakha itulo eliphazamisa kakhulu noma indaba esondelene kakhulu. Ngoba kuze kube muva nje UCharlotte Link wayengomunye wamazwi agunyazwe kakhulu ezinganekwaneni zobugebengu zaseJalimane nezaseYurophu. Futhi iyaqhubeka nokuba ireferensi yalelo khono lokusonta kwesakhiwo esisha encwadini yayo yezincwadi. Futhi kungenxa yokuthi, ngemva kweminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amathathu enikezelwe emhlabeni wezincwadi, isixhumanisi siphatha ngobuciko zonke izinhlobo zokhiye ezidingekayo ukuze kufinyelelwe izinga lokudayiswa kakhulu kuzo zonke izinhlobo zemisebenzi.
Kangangoba lapho lelo qembu lababhali abathengiswa kakhulu selizuzwe ngohlobo oludinga kakhulu njenge-noir, I-Charlotte Link ijoyine isici esilandisayo senkathi eyengeziwe, ngalobo buhlobo obuseduze obuphinda buthathe abafundi abavela engxenyeni yomhlaba ngokusebenzisa ababhali abafana UMaria Dueñas, ezimakethe zaseSpain, noma U-Anne jacobs emhlabeni jikelele
Ngakho-ke awusoze wazi ukuthi izovela kuphi inoveli elandelayo evela kumbalisi ohlakaniphile futhi oguquguqukayo onjengeLink. Ipeni eliyindilinga ngezinye izikhathi futhi lilayishwa ngokujula kwabanye, ngesimo esihle sabalingiswa ngendima okufanele bayidlale kusethi. Ukuthembeka kweJalimane kuze kube sekupheleni kokugcina noma ukumangala. Ikakhulu, uzobona ukuthi lapha sisele neziphakamiso zakhe ezimnyama, kepha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa amandla akhe amakhulu.
Bernard schlink
Kunoma yimuphi omunye umsebenzi noma ukuzinikela, labo abafika kungazelelwe babhalwa njengabaqavile noma abasolwa ngokungena emthethweni. Kufakazelwa ukuthi izincwadi njalo zamukela noma ubani onokuthile okuthakazelisayo angakutshela ngezandla ezimhlophe lapho ekwenza ngalokho kuzinikela okudingekayo kwanoma yimuphi umbhali onekhono.
Izibonelo ezingokomfanekiso zalokhu kufika ezincwadini ezivela ezindaweni ezihluke kakhulu, ezigcina seziyizindawo ezivamile, ngokwesibonelo, odokotela abanezinhlobo ezifana URobin Cook, noma ukumela okungenakulinganiswa John Grisham. Esikhaleni esiseduze naleso somkhakha wezomthetho, sithola ezobulungiswa. Futhi phakathi kwamajaji, ambalwa adlule endabeni eqanjiwe enokubaluleka kwe UBernhard Schlink.
Ongoti balo mbhali bebengacabangi ukuthi, emsebenzini wakhe njengesazi somthetho, angakwazi ukunikeza izindaba ezinesizinda sobuntu, ukuzwela okukhangayo kanye nezindlela eziphazamisayo ngenxa yesisindo sayo semvelo phakathi kokukhona kanye nesenzo ivezwe ngohlobo lokuxoxa kahle.
Izimoto zokuphila kanye nemisho efingqiwe ngesimo somphefumulo, empeleni, ozama kuphela ukuthatha izinsuku zawo ugibele ukungqubuzana kwawo. Ukuphikisana lokho, njengobufakazi bochwepheshe noma ubufakazi, obufuna kuphela ukuthola lelo qiniso lokugcina elisishukumisayo.
U-Schlink uhlala eveza izinhlamvu ezinemininingwane eminingi ekujuleni kwawo, lapho kuhlala khona izimfihlo ezingakhulumekiyo, kungabi nangaphansi kwesifungo. Isakhiwo senoveli ngayinye yakhe sihlala sizungeza lokho buhlakani babalingisi abaphenduke isisekelo, sivezwa phambi kwejaji labafundi abalalelisisa ukuze bakhiphe isinqumo njengabantu abavamile endabeni yempilo abadinga ukuqonda izimfihlakalo eziningi kangaka eziyigugu. ukuthi ekhasini lokugcina kuphela lapho bethola khona leso sikhuthazo esikhulu sokunikela impilo yabo yonke ekuzivikeleni kwabo.
IGünter Grass
IGünter Grass Ubengumbhali onengxabano kwesinye isikhathi ngesiphakamiso sakhe esilandisayo esinezilinganiso ezinkulu zokugxekwa kwezenhlalo nezepolitiki. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ungumbhali okhaliphile okwazi ukusethula ngezindaba zabantu ezichichima kuleso simo sezepolitiki njengento ecishe ihlale inodlame yokuphilisana, okungenani esikhathini somlando okwakumele aphile ngaso sonke isikhathi. izinhlelo zamandla obushiqela kwezombusazwe noma kwezomnotho.
Umlandisi waseJalimane ngenxa yeMpi Yezwe Yesibili, futhi umdali wesitayela esingokoqobo, ngalokho kuthinta kabi komuntu ocabangayo oseduze kokuzikholisa ukuthi inhlalakahle ihlale iyimpi elahlekile, uzogcina ecwilisa umsebenzi wakhe wokubhala. lowo mbono wabalahlekelwe phakade: abantu, imindeni, abantu ngabanye abangaphansi kwezikhathi ezishintshashintshayo neziphansi zezithakazelo ezinkulu kanye nokukhubazeka kwemibono yokushisekela izwe.
Ukuzibeka ekufundeni i-Günter Grass kuwumsebenzi wokusondela emlandweni waseYurophu, lapho izikhulu azikunaki ukudlulisela kumadokhumenti asemthethweni futhi ababhali abafana naye kuphela abasethula ngobudlova babo obuphelele.
UPeter ungingiza
Ukuphumula, ngomqondo obanzi futhi omuhle kakhulu wegama, kungumongo wombhali onjengaye UPeter ungingiza. Umfana owenze lukhuni ezincwadini ezivela kulowo ozifundisa uqobo uqobo, lowo ongenabo onkulunkulu noma izinhlamvu zokuncoma.
Futhi-ke, ukukhubeka nxazonke kuyinto etholakala esimweni somdali womkhakha ngamunye othola umthambo wakhe wokudala ngaphandle kokuba nezimpande zomndeni zangaphambili noma oxhumana nabo abafanele emhlabeni wosuku. Ekugcineni kuphela kukhona namathuba wobuhlakani beqiniso, naphezu kwakho konke.
Inoveli yakhe ethi Agnes kwaba ukhiye, lowo msebenzi weqophelo elingephikwe owagcina ngokubhidliza izindonga ezijwayelekile ezazakhelwa abalahliwe kanye nenhlamba ezweni elinjengababhali kuleli cala.
AmaStamm's yi- ukusondelana isekhona, isimangele, sifana nephupho, sihlukanisiwe futhi ngasikhathi sinye sithotshiswe ifomu laso elifushane nelikhanyayo maqondana nalowo mbhalo uqobo. Isitembu esingaqondakali ngaso sonke isikhathi siyadingeka ukuthola ababalisi abahlukile kokuphakathi futhi ngaleyo ndlela bakwazi ukubona umhlaba nabalingiswa sonke esinama-prism amasha.
USebastian Fitzek
Kuzoba ukuthi wonke ummeli unomuntu ongaba ngumvikeli wobugebengu, ngokusho kweklayenti elimkhethile. Noma nje ukuthi indlela eya emhlabeni wezomthetho ijabulisa amanye ama-muses agcina ngokuzithoba kuhlobo olumnyama, akhathele ukukhuthaza izinkanuko eziphakeme zezinye izikhathi. Iphuzu ukuthi USebastian Fitzek es omunye wabameli abaningi wadlulisela ezincwadini eziqanjiwe, njengeyethu Lorenzo Silva, ngaphandle kokuqhubeka.
Una izincwadi ezivela emkhakheni wezomthetho lapho ababhali bazo beguqula izindlela ezijabulisayo zokwahlulela; babhekana nomhlaba ongaphansi komhlaba (ogcina usuphendula kumajaji ngaphansi kwalokho ebesingathanda ukukuthola); noma bagxumela ohlotsheni olumnyama oluxhuma nezinsolo zobulungiswa ezingaboni ngezikhathi ezithile.
Ku icala elithile lommeli uFitzek Okungaqokonyiswa kakhulu ukuqina kwayo kusethi yemisebenzi yokukhululeka yokusola ngokwengqondo okuthi, kunokuba kusikhokhele emagcekeni akhanyayo, kusiyise emaphaseji amnyama engqondo.
Amanoveli lapho kwesinye isikhathi uzizwa njengonodoli ekuzuzeni iziphetho ezingalindelekile zetulo elithuthukiswe ngokumangalisayo, lapho ungena khona ngaphandle kokuxolelwa kokufunda. Noma imuphi umfundi weFitzek wabelana ngalo mbono wobazibuthe babalingiswa abagcwele kuwebhu yesicabucabu, uzama kanzima ukubalekela ngokweqile lapho kubonakala sengathi ukukhululeka ogibeni lwe-labyrinthine kungaba.
Cornelia Funke
Uhlobo lwefantasy olutholwe ku- Cornelia Funke itshe legumbi elilinganisela ukulandisa kwabalobi abakhulu bokulandisa okuqhakazile (ake sibeke UPatrick Rothfuss), nefantasy yendabuko ethe xaxa (ake sibeke neJalimane UMichael Ende). Konke ku uhlangothi lobuntwana nolentsha oluhlaza leyo ncwadi edingeka kakhulu njengophikisana nesisindo kumanoveli asheshayo, esihlwabusayo kubafundi abasebasha kodwa esingenasizinda.
Ngoba sizovuma ukuthi kukhona igebe phakathi "Kwendaba engapheli" nencwadi engabizwa ngokuthi "Usuku uFrancisca athola ngalo ukuthi okuluhlaza nokubomvu akuhlanganisi" (noma yikuphi ukufana neqiniso kumane kwaqondana). UFunker uhlaziya, noma ngabe kusezigabeni zakhe noma ngezitolimende ngazinye, kuleyo misebenzi yezikhumbuzo zakudala, okungukuthi, ngokuziphatha. Ngaso sonke isikhathi sakha amafindo ngobuhlakani obuhle.
Ngakho-ke ngeFunke imicabango yezingane zethu isezandleni ezinhle. Futhi nemicabango yethu ingathatha ubhavu omuhle wokuvuselela phakathi kweziqephu zalo mbhali omkhulu waseJalimane okwazi ukuzwelana nabo, njengoba ngababalisi bezindaba abakhulu kuphela abaziyo, ngalelo zwe phakathi kobuntwana nentsha yokuqala, lapho singakwazi khona ukulungisa okusemqoka ngokuhle nokubi lokho kucatshangwa kusuka emazweni akude kuya ekuziphatheni okungajwayelekile kwentsha.