Izincwadi ezi-3 ezinhle kakhulu zezinganekwane zamaGreki ezithokozisayo

Akungabazeki Amasiko amaGreki noma amaRoma (ongumthengisi wesibili omkhulu wesibili wokuqala) anobuhle kakhulu, ngonkulunkulu bawo, amaqhawe awo kanye nohambo lwawo ezweni elingakaziwa kunamanye akholelwa kuNkulunkulu oyedwa futhi alula. (bheka futhi izimpande zethu zamaKhatholika noma zamaSulumane, ukufana nokugqama kwesinye isikhathi...)

Ezinsukwini zokugcina zezwe lasendulo (the Izikhathi zasendulo) ifa lezamasiko, lenhlalo, lezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho lizalwa eliyisisekelo sakho konke. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi lapho kubhekene la mandla izinkolo ezintsha zagcina sezithathe izintambo zokucekela phansi umcabango omkhulu we-Olympus kanye nemiklamo yayo kubantu ukuze bagcine sebesungula abaprofethi abahlukile: uJesu noma uMuhammad, kanye noNkulunkulu noma u-Allah njengoba izinhlangano zisakazwa. unxantathu njengeso le-Providence kumaKhatholika noma elinye futhi elingamelwe ecaleni lamaSulumane).

Umbuzo, engihamba kuwo amagatsha, futhi ngikhuluma ngokusobala, yilokho ibhayibheli liyipheshana lemibhalo eliphikisana nengcebo yezinganekwane zamaGrikhi namaRoma ngomlando wayo wesintu kuma-fascicles ahlukaniswe phakathi kwe-Iliad, Odysseys kanye nezigigaba ezibuhlungu ezihlukahlukene. Izigigaba eziphinde zisisondeze eduze kwe-mosaic enothe kakhulu yonkulunkulu engadini yabo ethile yezinto ezithokozisayo, ezinganeni zabo eziyinyumba, konkulunkulu abancane, kumaqhawe esingabheka kuwo ukuboniswa kanye nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinhlekelele noma izindaba ezinokuziphatha okuhle. nokubi, okubi okweqayo ekuchichimeni kwecebo lakho.

Ababhali bamanje bathanda U-Irene Vallejo siphinde silulame, uma kwenzeka silahlekile, iphunga kuwo wonke lawo mazwe asekela isiko lethu ngolwazi lomuntu olumangazayo nolusimema ukuba sikubheke ngaphandle kokungabaza ukuthi Nihil sub sole novumNgamanye amagama, kwakungekho okusha ngaphansi kwelanga kulaba bantu abahlakaniphile, okungenani ngokwesimo somuntu esiboniswe emcabangweni omkhulu kangaka ...

Izincwadi Ezinconyelwe ezi-3 eziphezulu ze-Greek Mythology

I-Odyssey

Iqhawe lamaqhawe, u-Ulysses unentelezi enkulu kune-Achilles (engqondweni yami). Ngoba isifaniso esihle sokuhamba, sombuso olahlekile, sokungabikho nobunzima, sezilingo, sobumnyama nesizungu. Yonke imibono yamanje yokuqina ihlala ekhonweni lika-Ulysses lokunqoba konke okuphawulwe yilokho kufa okwenze isivivinyo esibalulekile. Ngaphandle kweqhawe elinjengo-Ulises, imicabango ebidingeka kumuntu njengokunqoba le nhlekelele ebaluleke kakhulu ibingenakwenzeka.

Ukuzulazula nokuzidela kwe-Greek Odysseus, ehlala eminyakeni eyishumi yokubuyela kwakhe ekhaya ngemuva kokubamba iqhaza kwiTrojan War, kwakha isakhiwo esiqinile, esicishe sithandane sesinye sezikhumbuzo ezinkulu zefa lethu lobuhlakani. Mhlawumbe iqanjwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lesi-XNUMX BC, i-Odyssey isisiyisa ezweni langempela, iMedithera lasendulo, kodwa eligcwele izingozi futhi eligcwele izidalwa ezinhle: abenzi bemilingo, ama-nymphs, imidondoshiya, izilo ...

Ama-avatar asolwandle weqhawe kuleli banga lesibili elikhulu lesi-Greek Odysseus (Odysseus ovela kumaRoma) avela ezigcawini ze-epic, ukuze ambeke endaweni enhle, eduze nezwe elihle lezinganekwane eziyimfihlakalo.

I-Antigone

Inhlekelele idlulele ngoba ikhomba ekufeni, ekugcineni, kulokho okwenzekayo, noma cha (kodwa ekugcineni okungaqondakali), ukuphakama kwalokho esiyikho kwesinye isimo esingenalutho. Nokho, ubuhlungu obandulela wonke lo mbono wokuthi umuntu unomkhawulo ayinto evamile, enamathela kakhulu ezinyembezini ezingaqhumisi ukuphila emhlabeni. USophocles wayengumbalisi ongcono kakhulu walezo zinhlekelele lapho umuntu wasendulo ezwakalisa ukubanda kwakhe okukhethekile kokuphila, njengoba ayengasho.

Phakathi kwezinhlekelele eziyisikhombisa zikaSophocles (c. 496-406 BC) ezilondolozwe ziphelele, ngokungangabazeki i-Antigone ithatha indawo eyilungelo. Njengomuntu oyiqhawe, ukweqa kwe-protagonist kuholele ekufundweni kabusha okungenakubalwa emakhulwini eminyaka (ngokwamukelwa okuhle kakhulu ethiyetha yesimanje) futhi kubangele ukuqagela kwefilosofi yazo zonke izinhlobo.

Umlingiswa, isimo sengxabano phakathi komuntu nomphakathi, siyakuthokozisa futhi sikuphile. UCreon, inkosi yaseThebes, ubeka ukwenqatshelwa kokungcwaba amaPolynices, akhuliswe umbuso futhi wabulawa emzabalazweni wokulwa nabazalwane. U-Antigone, wephula le miyalo ecacile, uphonsa ukungcola okuncane esidunjini sikamfowabo, ngaleyo ndlela amnike umngcwabo ongokomfanekiso.

Iliad

U-Ulysses ugcina ibhalansi ethakazelisayo phakathi kokumangalisayo nokudabukisayo, i-Achilles iyinhlese kakhulu nakuba ngemuva kwayo kukhona nokufundwa komuntu okungadluliselwa kunoma yisiphi isikhathi. I-Iliad yindaba yezindaba ezimayelana necala nenzondo abantu abakwazi ukuyigcina ezifisweni zabo ezikhungathekile. Izimpi ziwukuthi, impi yeThrojani iveza kumlingisi ngamunye, kusukela ku-Achilles kuya ku-Hector, edlula e-Agamemnon noma e-Patroclus, lonke uhla lwezifiso ezisishukumisela ukuba singqubuzane nempi.

Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokugcina kweminyaka eyishumi ukuvinjezelwa kwedolobha laseTroy ama-Achaeans, ahlinzeka ngohlaka lokulandelana kwemicimbi elandiswe ku-Iliad, inkondlo endala kunazo zonke ezincwadini zaseNtshonalanga.

Umkhiqizo wesiko elide lomlomo, i-epic, njengoba umbhali wayo exwayisa evesini lokuqala, ilandisa ngemiphumela yesifiso somuntu. U-Achilles, ethukutheliswe intukuthelo ka-Agamemnon, othe njengomholi wohambo lwamaGrikhi uthathe isabelo sakhe ngempango evela eBriseida, unquma ukuhoxa empini. Kepha kuzothatha isikhathi eside ukuthi abuyele kuye, ngentukuthelo evuselelwe, ngemuva kokushona kukamngani wakhe uPatroclus ezandleni zamaTrojans.