Kukhona impilo edlula izincwadi zokuzisiza mayelana ne-psychology. Nababhali bayathanda USteven Pinker, Daniel Goleman noma Freud ziyizibonelo ezaziwayo zabaxoxi bezindaba lapho ungalahlekelwa khona isikhathi eside kuleyo ndawo ye-psyche. Ngoba I-psychology ihlola ukuthi yini ephawula isinyathelo sentando yethu, izinkanuko zethu nezinqumo zethu okusondelene kakhulu noma ngaphakathi kohlaka lomphakathi.
Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona insimu lapho kungahlwanyela khona izincwadi ukuze kugcine sekuvuna ukuduma, izindatshana noma ngabe yini uchwepheshe wengqondo ngamunye afuna ukukulima. Endabeni kaPinker, uthando lwakhe luwumqondo wokufunda, ukuthuthukiswa kwengqondo njengendawo evamile kusukela emngceleni ovamile wesimo sethu sobuntu, sezinzwa, ububanzi obungafinyeleleka ngokubona kwethu.
Indawo yonke engaphakathi kwethu, lapho amangqamuzana obuchopho anyakaza njengezinkanyezi endaweni yomkhathi wethu lapho ngobuchopho. Uhambo u-Pinker alufaka ibhande ukuze asibandakanye kuleso sivinini esingajwayelekile lapho yonke into yenzeka nge-grey matter yethu. Ngoba ekugcineni u-Pinker wenza ukuhumusha kwakhe kwezenhlalo lapho yonke into ithola ukugxila kwayo kokuqala kuma-neural drives azama ukunikeza indlela yalokho okufundiwe nalokho okuzwakalayo ...
Izincwadi Eziphezulu Ezi-3 Ezinconyiwe nguSteven Pinker
Ekuvikeleni ukuKhanya
Umbono ngale ncwadi ushintshe kakhulu kusukela ngo-2020 esifike nesithunzi salo esibi esicashe kunoma iyiphi iphrojekthi yomuntu njengempucuko.
Kodwa akulimazi ukukhumbula, ukucabanga kabusha yonke into ngokusebenzisa i-prism yale ncwadi ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokubuyisela impilo njengoba yayinjalo. Ngoba mhlawumbe kuyindaba yokulinganisa yonke into kuleyo mpilo yomuntu eqondwa njengengxenye yomhlaba, hhayi njengabasebenzisi bokugcina bomhlaba othengiswa ngonxiwankulu ohambisa yonke into...
Uma ucabanga ukuthi umhlaba usuzophela, lokhu kuyakuthakazelisa: siphila isikhathi eside futhi impilo inathi, sikhululekile futhi, ekugcineni, sijabule; Futhi nakuba izinkinga esibhekene nazo zingaphezu kokuvamile, izixazululo zisesimisweni esihle sokuKhanya: ukusetshenziswa kokucabanga nesayensi.
Isileti esihlanzekile
I-eseyi engokwengqondo kunazo zonke esinikezwa yilo mbhali. Enye yalezo zincwadi eziphakamisa umbono lapho yonke indlela yombhali ibonakala iphuma kuyo. Mhlawumbe akulona ulwazi ngokujwayelekile njengoba umcabango ofana nowakhe ubungakufanelekela kodwa kuhlale kuthakazelisa ukwazi umbono omusha nothakazelisayo kulo mnyakazo phakathi kokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nokuziphatha komphakathi.
En Isileti esihlanzekile, uSteven Pinker uhlola umbono wemvelo yomuntu nezici zayo zokuziphatha, ezingokomzwelo nezepolitiki. Kubonisa ukuthi izihlakaniphi eziningi ziye zaphika ukuba khona kwayo ngokuvikela izimfundiso ezintathu ezisontekile: “isilayidi esihlanzekile” (ingqondo ayinazo izici ezizalwa naso), “umhlakaniphi omuhle” (umuntu uzalwa emuhle futhi umphakathi uyamonakalisa), kanye “nesipoki”. empilweni." umshini ”(sonke sinomphefumulo owenza izinqumo ngaphandle kokuncika kubhayoloji).
U-Pinker uletha ukuzola nokuzola kulezi zinkulumo-mpikiswano ngokubonisa ukuthi ukulingana, inqubekelaphambili, umthwalo wemfanelo, kanye nenjongo akumele kwesabe kusukela ekutholweni mayelana nobunkimbinkimbi bemvelo yomuntu.
Izingelosi esizithwele ngaphakathi
Isitatimende esivuthayo salokho okuzuziwe. Ukucatshangelwa kwempucuko yethu njengokuziphendukela kwemvelo naphezu kwakho konke, ngisho namanothi ayo okuguquguquka kwezinye izici. Izinyathelo eziningi eziya phambili zokwenza le planethi ibe yindawo yokusungulwa kwezingxabano, ukuvukela udlame lomuntu ozalwa nalo olwasiholela ezimpini futhi oluhlala lusongela ukubuyela ezindleleni zalo zakudala.
En Izingelosi esizithwele ngaphakathi, uSteven Pinker usidalula uphenyo alwenzile mayelana nokusabalala kodlame kuwo wonke umlando.
Lolu phenyo lumenze waphetha ngokuthi, naphezu kwezimpi zamanje, siphila esikhathini lapho ubudlova behle kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezikhathi ezedlule.
Sijabulela ukuthula esikujabulelayo manje ngoba izizukulwane ezidlule zaziphila ngaphansi kobudlova futhi lokhu kwaziphoqa ukuba zilwele ukukubekela imingcele, futhi ezweni lanamuhla yithina okufanele sisebenzele ukubuqeda. Akumelwe sithatheke ukuba nethemba, kodwa okungenani manje siyazi ukuthi lona umgomo esingawufinyelela.
