Izincwadi ezi-3 ezihamba phambili nguJulián Casanova

Isazi-mlando UJulian Casanova Ungomunye wabagqugquzeli abakhulu bekusasa lekhulu lama-XNUMX laseYurophu futhi ngentshiseko enkulu eSpain yalelo khulu leminyaka. Kuyiqiniso ukuthi ukugxila kwayo, masithi, kubheke emlandweni wamavukelambuso, kulezo zinxushunxushu zomphakathi ezivela emazingeni aphansi. Kodwa ukuthi lonke ushintsho lwezenhlalo luvela kuleyo nhlansi yoshintsho oluphoqelekile, yokuhlaselwa kwamandla lapho abacebile nabanamandla behlukumeza inkambo.

Iphuzu liwukuthi ukuvukela akuphumeleli ngaso sonke isikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi amaRiphabhulikhi nokuhlasela kwakuhlala kuyimizamo futhi ngemva kwalokho kwavela ukucindezelwa okwengeziwe. Kodwa umlando wokunqotshwa ubuye usize ukugcina inkumbulo iphila, ngokuqondile, ukuthi ukungabi nabulungisa kuyaliwa. U-Julián Casanova uhlenga futhi adalule ngesikhalo esanele sokuba umbhali othengiswa kakhulu ngaphandle kokubhekana nenganekwane yomlando abanye ababhali besizukulwane sakhe, njengabo. UJose Luis CorralZifinyelela kuzo zonke izinhlobo zabafundi. Abafundi abaseduze nesethi yokulandisa eyingxube evamile yezinganekwane zomlando ezinhle. Lezo zisekelo ezibhalwe ngokuphelele ezihambisana ne-intrahistory ekwazi ukubeka amaqiniso ngokwezinga elikhulu.

Kodwa uCasanova wanele futhi usele ngokuthanda kwakhe izindatshana namarekhodi asekelwe emlandweni. Ngoba umlando ngokwawo ujabulisa ngokushesha nje lapho uklwejwa futhi ingasaphathwa lapho umuntu ofana no-Julián Casanova edabula ulwelwesi lwamaqiniso futhi esiphonsa esifufuleni sezenzakalo ezidlula zonke.

Izincwadi eziphezulu ezi-3 ezinconyiwe nguJulián Casanova

udlame olungenakunqotshwa

Akuvamile ukuzwa ukuthi imiboniso yanamuhla ibonakala inqanyuliwe ephethini efanayo, njengokungathi iholwa futhi iphindaphindwa uNkulunkulu uyazi ukuthi yiziphi izithakazelo ezifihliwe. Mhlawumbe, mhlawumbe..., bese-ke into izofika esiphethweni...

Indlela entsha yokubonakaliswa kobudlova, okuphindaphindiwe futhi ngezinye izikhathi okuqhubekayo, okuvela ebuphekula be-anarchist kuya ezimpini zokulandelana eYugoslavia, kwaphawula umlando wekhulu lama-XNUMX laseYurophu ngegazi nomlilo. Udlame lwamakholoni, ukuhlanzwa kohlanga, ukuqothulwa kohlanga, impi nodlame locansi kugqama kulo, lapho ababulali, ababulali nabadlwenguli bezakhela eyabo imikhuba yokuhlukumeza nokufa, eyenziwa ngabanye noma ngamaqembu, abonwa abaningi abengeziwe, izisulu, ofakazi kanye nezigebengu ezisafunda.

Kunezindaba eziningi ezidlulanayo futhi ezihlanganayo, ukusuka eSpain kuya eRussia, ukusuka eBaltic kuya eMedithera, ukuze kutholwe umqondo wodlame. Futhi ekulandiseni kwemibono yomjaho nesizwe, izikhathi zobunzima ezibangelwa izimpi nokuvukela umbuso kanye nemiklamo yokuhlanganisa ama-utopias ibe ingqikithi igqama njengentambo evamile. Ikhulu leminyaka lodlame olungenakunqotshwa, olunezibazi ezibonakalayo noma ezifihliwe zokuhlaba nokubhujiswa. Isikhathi esedlule esenziwe samanje, esikhunjulwayo, esikhohliwe, sabhekana, sacindezelwa.

udlame olungenakunqotshwa

ISpain ihlukane kabili

ISpain ihlukaniswe kabili kusukela ngo-1936 ngemicabango eminingi enomkhuhlane. Into ingaxazululwa kalula uma lezo ze-tricolor ziyeka umbala wazo futhi lezi zehawu zishiya isikhala sesihlangu sabo. Ifulegi elilodwa elibomvu, eliphuzi nelibomvu nakho konke okuxazululiwe. Kodwa ukungqubuzana kuyaphakela futhi izikweletu azigcini nje ngokuziqoqa kodwa zinciphisa noma yikuphi ukubuyisana okungenzeka.

Incwadi yakamuva yomlando weMpi Yombango YaseSpain yenziwe, ngaphezu kwakho konke, imisebenzi ekhethekile eqondiswe kubacwaningi. Namuhla kukhona ukuntuleka kwama-syntheses afinyelelekayo angafeza umsebenzi owenziwa yizincwadi ezinjengalezo zikaGabriel Jackson noma uHugh Thomas ngesikhathi sazo, zisondeza isimo samanje solwazi kumfundi ojwayelekile, okuyinto ephuthuma kakhulu ngemva kwembalwa. amashumi eminyaka lapho ucwaningo luye lwanikela ngeziqinisekiso ezintsha futhi lususe izinganekwane ezindala.

Akekho ofaneleka ukwedlula lo msebenzi kunoProfessor Julián Casanova, uprofesa eNyuvesi yaseZaragoza, umbhali wokubukezwa okukhulu kwesikhathi -iRiphabhulikhi kanye nempi yombango- kanye nezifundo zenani elifana njengokuthi Ukusuka emgwaqeni ukuya phambili, Okufihliwe. edlule , Isonto likaFranco noma iYurophu ngokumelene neYurophu, 1914-1945. "Indaba emfushane" yakhe entsha ngokungangabazeki izokwanelisa abafundi abaningi bezincwadi zakhe.

ISpain ihlukane kabili

IYurophu ngokumelene neYurophu, 1914-1945

Izingxabano azidaliwe futhi azibhujiswa, ziguqula kuphela, ziguqule indawo. Namuhla izimpi zikwenye indawo. Kodwa ikhulu lama-XNUMX laliyinkathi yezimpi eYurophu. Kwadlula iminyaka engamashumi amabili kusukela eMpini Enkulu kuya eMpini Yezwe Yesibili. Empikiswaneni enkulu ngayinye, iYurophu yaphonswa ebumnyameni bamabhomu amashumi eminyaka ambalwa ... Lelo kwakungelinye izwe, ngaphandle kokungabaza, lapho bonke abantu baseYurophu babenesitha sokubulala.

IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, eyanquma isiphetho seYurophu ngenkani, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka yobungako bezombangazwe nezokukhulumisana, izazi-mlando eziningi ziye zabhekwa njengomugqa weqiniso ohlukanisayo womlando waseYurophu ekhulwini lama-XNUMX, ukugqashuka okudabukisayo nezinqubomgomo ezikhona. .

UbuKhomanisi kanye nobuFascism, obuvela kuleyo mpi, kwaba yizindlela zokuqala zokukhetha kwase kuba yizigxobo zokuheha izihlakaniphi, izimoto zezombusazwe eziningi, izindawo zokuhlala zabaholi abasha abathi, besuka ndawo, besuka ngaphandle kwesimiso esidala sobukhosi kanye nombuso, bahlongoza ukuhlukana okukhulu nombuso. okwedlule.

Ukucekelwa phansi nokufa kwezigidi zabantu okwadalwa yiMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukushintshwa kwemingcele, umthelela weNguquko YaseRussia, kanye nezinkinga zokujwayela izigidi zalabo ababengabamasosha, ikakhulukazi emazweni ahluliwe, kuyimsuka wodlame. kanye nesiko lokungqubuzana elafakwa emiphakathini eminingi yangaleso sikhathi sokuquleka.

Ihlanganisa ukulandisa nokuhlaziya, le ncwadi ihlolisisa ngokuningiliziwe uguquko lwaseRussia kanye nokudlondlobala kombuso wobufascism, ukuhlehla kwentando yeningi nokuthuthuka kobushiqela, isiko lokungqubuzana, kanye nemiphumela konke lokhu okwaba nayo ezwekazini elagcina ngo-1945 lacekelwa phansi futhi lagqekezwa izwekazi. izingcezu eziyinkulungwane.

IYurophu ngokumelene neYurophu, 1914-1945
izinga lokuthunyelwe

Deja un comentario

Le sayithi isebenzisa i-Akismet ukunciphisa ugaxekile. Funda ukuthi idatha yakho yokuphawula isetshenziswa kanjani.