ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขื ืึท ืคึผืึธื ื™ืึทื˜ืึธื•ื•ืกืงืึท

ืฆื• ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™-ื‘ื™ืกื™ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืคื•ื™ืœืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื ื’ืขื ืขื ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ Poniatowska ืžืฉืคึผื—ื”. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื™ืึธืจ 1942 ืื•ืŸ ืขืœืขื ืึท ืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ืฆืขืŸ ืงื•ื•ืืœืŸ. ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื˜ืจืึทื•ื•ืžืึทื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ืคื™ื•ื–ื“ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ื ืขืคึผืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทื–ื™ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืึทืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื™ื ื“ืฉืึทืคื˜.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืกืึทื‘ืกืึทืงื•ื•ืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ืกื™ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืงืขืŸ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืจื˜. ืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ื™ ืขืœืขื ืึท ืคึผืึธื ื™ืึทื˜ืึธื•ื•ืกืงืึท, ืื ื˜ืคืœืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืขืจ, ื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืžื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื ืจืขื›ื˜.

ืื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ืกื˜ืึธืงืจืึทื˜ื™ืง ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืก ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื’ืŸ, ืคึผืึทื˜ื˜ืขืจื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืœืขืš, ืื™ื– ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื™ืกื•ื“ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื™ืจ, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ืขื ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ ืื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจื˜ื™ื™ื“ื™ืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคืขืœื“.

ืขืœืขื ืึท ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ Poniatowska ืก ืึทื ื˜ื™ืกืขื“ืขื ืฅ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ ืึท ืงื™ื™ืœืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’, ืฆื• ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทืกืคึผืขืงืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ืœืข ืคืึทืกืึทืฅ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทื˜ื™ืจืœืขืš ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืื˜ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื”ืึทืก, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ื™ืœืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื•ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจื’ืขืกืŸ.

ื“ื™ "ืจื•ื™ื˜ ืคึผืจื™ื ืกืขืก" ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผื•ื™ื ื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ื–ื™ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ (ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื‘ื™ื™ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ) ืื•ืŸ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืœืขื ืึท ื”ืื˜ ืœืึทื•ื•ื™ืฉื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืืžืจื™ื, ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช. ืžื™ืจ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ืกืึทื‘ืœื™ืžื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืœืข ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ืขืคึผืขืก positive, ืœื™ื“ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื“ื•ืจืš ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคืขืจื–ืขื ืœืขื›ืข ืคึผืขืจืกืขืคึผืฉืึทื ื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืขืžืคึผืึทื˜ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืจื™ื–ื™ืœื™ืึทื ืก.

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Elena Poniatowska

ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ

ื•ื•ืขื  ืขืก ื™ื– ืžื™ืจ ื™ื‘ืขืจื ืขืžืขืŸ ืึทื– ื–ื™ื™ึทืขื ื“ื™ืง ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ืื™ื’ื ืึธืจื™ืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืขื ื“ืึทื ื˜ ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืจืึธืคึผื•ื•ืึทืจืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื˜ืึธื’ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธื’, ืงืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ื’, ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคึผืขื‘ืึทืœื– ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜, ืื™ืจ ื–ื•ื›ื˜ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ืคืึทื ืึทื˜, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ...

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจื™ืžืึธื•ื˜ื ืึทืก, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึทืกื˜ ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ืš, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: "ืžืึทืžืข, ืขื ื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ื“ืึธืจื˜ืŸ?" ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืึทื–ืข ืึธืคึผืขื ืก ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’ ืฆื• ืึท ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’: ื“ืขืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืจื™ื–ื™ืง ื˜ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืึทื ืจืึทื•ื•ืึทืœ ื“ื™ ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืกื˜ืจืึธื ืึธืžื™ืข. Lorenzo de Tena, ื ืึธื ืงืึธื ืคืึธืจืžื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืึทืจ, ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืงืขืžืคืŸ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื™ื ืึทืงื•ื•ืึทืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ื‘ื™ื•ืจืึทืงืจืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืจืึทืคึผืก ืื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ื˜ืขืžื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืš ืžืงื™ื™ื.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืึทืจื‘ืึธืจื’ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ื™ื™ื“ื– ืชืื•ื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืœืŸ. ื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื˜ืขืœืขืกืงืึธืคึผ, ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื ืึทื˜ื™ื™ื ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื˜ืฉืึทืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื™ื–: ื“ื™ ืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื‘ืข.

ื“ื™ ื”ื•ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืžืœ

ื“ื™ ื‘ืืŸ ืคืืจื˜ ืขืจืฉื˜

ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืžืขื˜ืึทืคืึธืจ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืืจืฉื˜ืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื›ืึทืงื ื™ื“ ืžื™ื˜ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืคืืจ ื“ื™ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื ื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืึทืœ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ืคืขื“ืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื•ืขื ื˜ื™ื ื’, ื™ื‘ืขืจืฉื™ืงืŸ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคืึธืจื–ืขืฆืŸ ืฆื• ืึธื ืฆื™ื ื“ืŸ. ืขืœืขื ืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: "ืื™ืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื”ื•ื ื’ืขืจื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ืงืึทืœื˜, ืื™ืš ืคึผืขืœืฅ ืึทื– ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจ, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืึทืจื•ืžื ืขืžืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืจืขื ืžื™ืจ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื™ื™ืฅ ืื•ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ, ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืขืก." ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืจื•ื ืžืขืงืกื™ืงื.

ืขืจ ื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืืœ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ืขืจืคื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ืื’ ืื™ื– ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืืŸ ืคืืจื‘ื™ื™ ืคืืจ ื–ื™ื™ื ืข ืื•ื™ื’ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืจื•ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืืฉื™ืŸ ื”ืื˜ ืขืจ ื“ืขืจื”ืขืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ; ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื“ืึธืžื™ื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืœืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืึทื– ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคึผื•ืฉื˜ ืื™ื ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ืžืึทืฅ.

ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืึทืงืข, ืฆื• ื˜ืจื™ื ื™ื“ืึทื“ ืคึผื™ื ืขื“ืึท ื˜ืฉื™ื ืึท, ื“ืขืจ ื”ื•ื™ืคื˜ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ื ื’ืขื ื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ืึทืœืฅ: ืฆื• ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ื ืžืึธืœ ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทื ื“, ืฆื• ืงืึทื•ื ื˜ืœืึทืก ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ, ื˜ืจื™ื™ื“ื–, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืคึผืึทืกืึทื‘ื™ืœืึทื˜ื™ื–, ืื•ืŸ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ื“ื™ ืจืขื’ืข ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื’ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทืŸ ื˜ื•ืขืจืก ืžื™ื˜ ืึทื–ืึท ืคื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ื•ื ื’ ืึทื– ื“ืึธืก ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ื™ ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืึทืจื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืจืก 'ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ. ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืคืืจืงืขืจื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืœืึทื ื“ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืขื–ืฉื™ื.

ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืŸ ืื™ื– ืœืขื‘ืŸ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ื‘ืึทืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ื– ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ 'ืก ื’ืขืฉืขืคื˜, ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ ืื™ื– ืขืคึผืขืก ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ. ืžื•ื˜ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืœืขืจืขืจืก, ืœื™ื‘ื”ืื‘ืขืจืก, ืจื™ื™ืœื–, ืคืึธืจืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืœืขื˜ืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง ื‘ื™ื™ึทื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขื–ืฉืขืจืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ. ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคืึทืจืœืึธื–ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ืึธื“ืขืจ ืืคื™ืœื• ื™ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืœืขืึธื ืึธืจืึท

ืขืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืขืคึผืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืขืœืขื ืึท ื–ื™ืš, ืื•ื™ืคืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืš ื•ื•ื™ื’ืขืœืขืš ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืจื™ืึทืงืฉืึทื ืขืจื™ ืงืขื’ืŸ ื™ืžืึธื•ื‘ื™ืœื™ื˜ื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืฉืœื™ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจืขื›ื˜ ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืึทืžืึทื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืžืึธืจืึทืœ. ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืื™ืŸ ืงืขืจ, ืื•ื™ืš ืคึผืึทืœื™ืฉื™ื– ื“ื™ ืจืึธืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: ืึทืŸ ืื•ืžื‘ืึทื’ืจืขื ืขืฆื˜ืข ืคืจื•ื™, ืึท ื‘ื•ื ื˜ืึทืจื™ืฉ ื’ื™ื™ืกื˜ ... ืึท ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข. ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึทืจืคื™ืจืŸ. ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ึทืš ื™ื•ืจืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ื™ืœ ื™ื ื“ืึทืกื˜ืจื™, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืึท ื™ื•ื ื’ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ื–ื™ ื’ืขื•ื•ืื•ืกื˜ ืึทื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืึทื– ืื™ืจ ืคื™ื™ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื–ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื™ืจ ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ.

ื–ื™ ื“ื™ืคื™ื™ื“ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืงืึทื ื•ื•ืขื ืฉืึทื ื–, ืื™ืจ ืขืœื˜ืขืจืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืœืขืจืขืจืก, ืื•ืŸ ืฆืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืขื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ื™ื“ื™ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ื˜ื™ื™ื– ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ืื™ืจ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคืจื™ื™ ืคืจื•ื™, ืคึผืขืจืกื ืึทืœื™ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงืœื™. Leonora Carrington ืื™ื– ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ ืึท ืœืขื’ืขื ื“ืข, ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืกื•ืจืจืขืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ืžืึธืœืขืจ, ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคืึทืกืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ื“ื™ ืžืึทื˜ืขืจื™ืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ืžื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืกื˜ืขื›ืขืจ.

ืœืขืึธื ืึธืจืึท ื’ืขืœืขื‘ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื˜ืขืจื‘ื™ืึทืœืึทื ื˜ ืœื™ื‘ืข ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืžืึธืœืขืจ ืžืึทืงืก ืขืจื ืกื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ื“ื–ืฉื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ื•ื•ืขืจืœื•ื•ื™ื ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื•ืจืจืขืึทืœื™ื–ืึทื, ืื•ืŸ ืจืึทื‘ื“ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืฆืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืคึผืึทืจื™ื– ืžื™ื˜ Salvador Dalรญ, Marcel Duchamp, Joan Mirรณ, Andrรฉ Breton ืึธื“ืขืจ Pablo Picasso; ื‘ื™ื™ ืžืืงืก ื”ืื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื“ืขืจืฉืจืืงืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื’ืขืฉื™ืงื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื ืงืื ืฆืขื ื˜ืจืืฆื™ืข ืœืื’ืขืจ.

ืœืขืึธื ืึธืจืึท ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืงืึทื ืคื™ื™ื ื“ ืฆื• ืึท ืึทืกื™ืœื•ื ืื™ืŸ ืกืึทื ื˜ืึทื ื“ืขืจ, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ื™ ืื ื˜ืจื•ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทื ื’ืงืขืจ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขื’ื’ื™ ื’ื•ื’ื’ืขื ื”ืขื™ื. ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื–ื™ืš ื‘ืึทื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืงืกื™ืงื ืื•ืŸ ื”ืึธื˜ ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš ืงืึทืœืžืึทื ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื™ื™ื ืฆื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ ืงื™ื ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืึธืก ืขืจืฉื˜ืข ืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ืึธืก Elena Poniatowska ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจื˜ ืึทืŸ ืื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขื›ืข ืคืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ื’ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Leonora Carrington ืื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืึทืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’, ืึท ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืคืจื™ื™ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืขืœืขื’ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืึทื ื’ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืืจื™ืฉืข ืึทื•ื•ืึทื ื˜-ื’ืึทืจื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื”ืขืœืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜.

ืœืขืึธื ืึธืจืึท
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ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.