3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Julia Navarro

ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื“ื™ืงืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืื™ืš ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืึทื–ื•ื™, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฆื•ื’ืขื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื˜ ืฆื• ื”ืขืจืŸ ืฆื• ืึท ืจืขื’ื•ืœืขืจ ืžื™ื˜ืืจื‘ืขื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืึทืœืข ืžื™ื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื“ื™ืข, ืจืขื“ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืกืืฆื™ืืœ ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื”ืฆืœื—ื”, ืคึผืœื•ืฆืœื™ื ื’ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื•ืš ... ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืœ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ืข, ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ. ืขืจ ืคึผืจื•ื•ื•ื“ ืขืก ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื‘ื•ื˜ ืคื™ืœื: ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืง ื‘ืœืึทื˜. ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื‘ืœื™ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืขื” ืคื•ืŸ ืกื˜ืจืขื ื™ื•ืึทืก ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ื. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืจ ื–ืขื ื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจืงืขื ื˜ ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ, ืื•ื™ื‘ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืึทืš, ืขืก ืขื ื“ืก ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืืžืขืจืงื˜.

ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ...

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ ืื™ื– ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ 6 ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉืข ืจืึธืžืึทื ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ืึท ืžืขืจ ื˜ื”ืจื™ืœืœืขืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ 10 ื™ืึธืจ. ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ื ื•ื ื’ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ ื’ืขืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขื˜ืจื™ื™ึท ืื ื”ืขื ื’ืขืจืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืึทื’ืขืจืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื“ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืœืขืš ืงืึทื“ืขื ืกืข ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื•ืš ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ืš.

3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ Julia Navarro

ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ

ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธืฆืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื•ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืจื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื ื“ื•ืกื˜ืจื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืฆื•ืฉื˜ื™ื™ึทืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืึทื ื’ ืกืขืœืขืจื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคืึธื ื“ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื‘ื•ืงืกื˜ืึธืจ, ืจืขืคึผืจืึทื–ืขื ืฅ ืึท ื–ื™ื›ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ืžืขืจ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงืขืกื™ื™ื“ืขืจื“ื™ืง ื•ื™ืกืจื™ื ืขืŸ. ื“ืขืจื™ื‘ืขืจ, ื“ืขืจ ืœืึทื ื’-ืกืขืœื™ื ื’ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ืึท ื‘ืœื™ื™ึทื‘ื™ืง ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขื ื“ื•ืจื– ื“ื™ ืงื•ืžืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื’ืึธื•ื™ื ื’ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืฉืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื‘ืขืกืฆืขืœืขืจื–, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื ืึธืš ืึท ื™ืงืกืคึผืœืึธื•ืกื™ื•ื• ื™ืจืึทืคึผืฉืึทืŸ.

ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืึทืจืฃ ืขืก ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ? ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ, ื˜ื•ื™ื’ืขื•ื•ื“ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ; ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจื™ื“ ืกื™ื ืขืจื™ืึธื•ื–; ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืžืึทื’ื ืขื˜ื™ืง ืงืึทื“ืขื ืกืข ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืคึผืจืึทืœืึธื ื’ื“ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืึทืŸ ื™ืžืคึผืขืจื™ืฉืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ.

ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืงืขืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืฉื˜ืขื˜ื™ืงืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผ ืฆื• ื‘ื•ื™ืขืŸ ืึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืกื•ืกื˜ืึทื™ื ืขื“ ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื’ืึทื ื’ืขื ื”ื™ื™ื˜, ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง ืจื™ื“ื™ื ื’ื– ืฆื• ื”ื ืื” ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ื™ืœื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื ื™ื™ึทืงื™ื™ึทื˜, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ืึท ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ืžื“ืจื’ื” ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื™ื“ืขืืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืึทืกื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืกืขืจืงื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“. ื“ืึธืš, ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืขืคึผืขืก ืึทื ื“ืขืจืฉ, ืื™ืจ ืžื•ื–ืŸ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทื ืœื™ื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื ื˜ืจืึทื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืคืืงื˜ืŸ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืึทื ื™ื ื’ ื ื™ื™ึท ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ื˜ื•ืจื ืก.

ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจ, ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ืึท ืœืึทื ื’ ื˜ืจืขื’ืขืจ, ื ืึธืจ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ืึท ื™ืึธืจืฆืขื ื“ืœื™ื ื’ ืฆื•ืจื™ืง, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืœืึทื ื’ ืกืขืœืขืจื– ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื“ืขื ืข ืคึผืจืึทืคึผืึธื•ื–ืึทืœื– ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืจื•ื™ื– ื–ืืคื•ืŸ o Maria Dueรฑas ื–ื™ื™ ืื•ื™ืš ืื ื’ืขื”ื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืึธืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื˜ืจื™ื•ืžืคืึทื ื˜ ื•ื™ืฉืึทืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจืงื•ื™ืคื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืœืข ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจืขืกื˜ืข ืกืึทืงืกืขืกืึทื–.

ืึทื–ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืึธื ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ "ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ" ืกืึธื•ื ื“ืก ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ืจืš ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžืฉืขื›ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜. ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ื‘ื•ืš ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ื˜ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืึทืคื˜ืขืจื˜ื™ื™ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืงืฉืึทื ืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื ืึธืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ื• ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ืœื™ืง ืึธื“ืขืจ ืœื™ื™ึทื“ื ืฉืึทืคื˜ ืจื™ื–ืึทื ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื˜ื™ืฃ ืขืงืึธื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท twentieth ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงืึทืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ืึทืœื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืขืจื‘ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืงืœืึทืคึผ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื˜ืึธืจืฉื™ืคึผืก, ืงืื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“.

ื“ื•ืจืš ืคืขืจื ืึทื ื“ืึธ, ืงืึทื˜ืึทืœื™ื ืึท ืื•ืŸ ืขื•ืœืึธื’ื™ืึธ ืžื™ืจ ืจื™ืœื™ื•ื• ืึท ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืœื•ื™ื˜ ื“ื™ืจืขืงื˜ ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืขืก, ื’ืขื”ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื” ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืืจื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขืคืืจืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื’ืจืขืกืขืจ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืงืขืจ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ื“ื™ื™ึทื’ืขืก. ื“ืขืจื ืึธืš, ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืคืึทืœื“, ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืœื™ืžื™ื ื’ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืกืคึผืจืึทื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืงืขืจื˜ ื–ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื˜ื”ืึทืจืฆื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืึทื ืกื˜ืจืึทืกืึทื˜ื™. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ื– ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš, ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืขืจื’ืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื™ื–.

ืึทืจื•ื ื“ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ืจื™ื™ ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืฉื˜ืึธื˜ื™ืฉ ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทื“ืจื™ื“, ืคึผืึทืจื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืืœืขืงืกืื ื“ืจื™ืข, ืžื™ืจ ื“ืขืœื•ื• ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื ื•ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื‘ืจืึทื•ื•ืข ืœื™ื‘ืข ืงืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜.

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ื“ืข ื“ืจื™ื™ื•ื•ื–, ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ืกืคึผืขืจืึทื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคืึทืจื‘ืจืขื›ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ, ื–ื™ื™ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื™ื ื“ืขืœื™ื‘ืึทืœ ืžืึทืจืงืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืกืขื˜ื˜ื™ื ื’ืก, ืคืึทืจื ื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ืึท ืคืึทืจืฉื™ื™ื“ื ืงื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืึท ืงืึธืกืžืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคืขืจื’ืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ื™ืžืคึผืจืขืกืกื™ืึธื ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื’ืจื•ื™ื–ืึทื ืฆื™ื™ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜.

ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืง ื‘ืœืึทื˜

ื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ืกื˜ืึทืจื˜ืขื“ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื“ืขืจื•ื•ืึทืงืกืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคึผื•ืฉื™ื ื’ ืื™ืจ ืฆื• ื˜ืึธืŸ ื“ืึธืก. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืืžืช, ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก, ืงืึธื ืกื™ืกื˜ืขื ื˜, ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข, ื‘ืจื™ืœื™ืึทื ื˜ืœื™ ื ืขืจื™ื™ื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืขื ื“ืึทื•ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืžืึทืกืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืงืึทืจื™ืขืจืข ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœืข ืฆื™ื™ื˜.

ื”ืขืจื•ืช ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึทืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืกืคึผืจื™ื ื’ืงืึทืœื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืึทื˜ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ ืื•ืŸ ืคืืงื˜ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืคึผืจืึธืคึผืึธืจืฆื™ืข. ื“ื™ ืžืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ื˜ ืึทืงื•ื•ื™ื™ืขืจื– ื ื™ื™ึท ืงืจืึทืคื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื•ื™ ืกืึทื’ื“ื–ืฉืขืกื˜ื™ื•ื• ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: ืึทืŸ ืื™ื˜ืึทืœื™ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคึผืึธืœื™ืฆื™ื™ึท ืžืึทื ืฉืึทืคึฟื˜ ืกืคึผืขืฉืึทืœื™ื™ื–ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืงื•ื ืกื˜ ื™ื ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื™ืกืคืึธืจืฉื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคื™ืจืขืก ืื•ืŸ ืึทืงืกืึทื“ืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื˜ื”ืขื“ืจืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ืจื™ืŸ; ืึทืœืข ื™ืขื ืข ืกืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื“ ืฆื• ืึธื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื.

ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผื•ืจ ื”ื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืึทืŸ ื™ืงืกื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื˜ื‘ื™ืœื” ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ื™ ืจืขืœื™ืง ื•ื•ืึธืก ืคื™ืจื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื“ื™ื™ื•ื•ืึทืœ ื˜ืขืžืคึผืœืขืจื– ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื ืขืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืึทืคื™ื ื™ืจื˜ ื‘ื™ื–ื ื™ืกืžืขืŸ, ืงืึทืจื“ื™ื ืึทืœืก, ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืœื˜ื•ืจ, ืึทืœืข ืื™ื™ืŸ, ืจื™ื™ึทืš ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจืง.

ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืงืึทืžื‘ื™ื™ื ื– ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ื”ื™ืกื˜ืึธืจื™ืฉ ืขืœืขืžืขื ื˜ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื™ื ื’ืจื™ื“ื™ืึทื ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืข ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉืœืึธื’ืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืึท ืฉื ืขืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขื›ืกื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืขืœื™ื’ืขื ื˜ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืœืึทื˜.

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจื•ื“ืขืจืฉืึทืคื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืœื™ืง ื‘ืœืึทื˜

ืคื™ื™ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜

ื ืคึผืึทื–ืœื™ื ื’ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืคึฟืึทืจ ืึท ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’. ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืจื™ืคึผืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ืึทืจืึธืกืงื•ืจืึธ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ื™ืจืึธืคึผืข ื™ืžืขืจื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืึทื“ืึธื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืœื˜ ื‘ื™ืœื™ืคืก ืฆื• ืคึผื ื™ื ืึท ืฆื•ืงื•ื ืคึฟื˜ ืคึผืกืึทืง ื“ื•ืจืš ืกื™ื‘ื”.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืคื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ืืžืช. ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืžื™ืจ ืึธื ื”ื™ื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ืคึฟืึทืจืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืื™ื– ื ืึธืš ืึท ืžื™ื˜ืœ, ืึท ืคืึธืจื•ื™ืกื™ืงืข ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื–ื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืงืขืŸ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜. ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึทืก, ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ืึธืจื™ืขื ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ื–ืขืœื‘ื™ืงืขืจ ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ืžืขื’ืœืขืš ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ...

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: ืึท ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึทื ืคืขืจื’ืขื˜ืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ื– ื™ื ื˜ืขืจื˜ื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ืฉืœื™ืกืœ ืžืึธื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข, ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกื•ืฃ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ 1948 ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ืฆื• XNUMX, ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืจื™ืงืจื™ื™ื™ืฅ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ืขืžื‘ืœืขืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืฉื˜ืขื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืกื™ื™ื ื˜ ืคืขื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืจื’, ืคึผืึทืจื™ื– ืึธื“ืขืจ ื™ืจื•ืฉืœื™ื.

ืฉืึธืึธื˜, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜ ืื™ื– ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช, ืึท ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื›ื™ื™ื“ื– ืคื™ืœืข ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ ืื™ื ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ื™ืง, ืื•ืŸ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื ื™ื’ืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืžื’ืขืจื™ื›ื˜ ืกื•ืฃ, ืขืก ื›ืึธืจื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ืขืจืจืึทืฉืŸ, ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ื™ืžืึธื•ืฉืึทื ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืคืœืึทืš .

ืคื™ื™ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜

ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Julia Navarro ...

ื–ืื’ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ

ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ, ืื™ืš ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืกืขืœืขืงืฆื™ืข ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืืคื™ืœื• ืึท ืกืึทื‘ื“ื–ืฉืขืงื˜ื™ื•ื• ื–ืึทืš, ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืึทื“ืžื™ืฅ ืึทื– ืจืขืฆืขื ื–ื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹โ€‹ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืฆื• ื–ืขืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ. ืขืก ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกืขืจื™ืข ืึทื“ืึทืคึผื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื™ื™ื’ืŸ ืžื™ืจ. ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื’ืขื“ืขื ืงื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื“ ืกืึทืคื™ืกื˜ืึทืงื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธื’ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื™ื˜ื, ืื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ื‘ืจืขื ื’ืขืŸ ืขืก ืฆื• ื“ืขื ืึทื ื™ื•ื•ืขืกื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœืึธื’ ...

ื ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืืœื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืืงื•ืžื˜ ื“ืขื ืคืืจืฉืœืื’ ืื•ื™ืกืฆื•ืคืืจืฉืŸ ื“ืืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ-ื‘ืื‘ืข, ืืžืขืœื™ื ื’ืืจืื™ื™ื, ื ืคืจื•ื™ ื•ื•ืืก ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื ืืจ ืื– ื–ื™ ืื™ื– ืื ื˜ืœืืคืŸ, ืคืืจืœืื–ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืžืืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื–ื•ืŸ ื‘ืืœื“ ืคืืจืŸ ืฉืคืื ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ื™ืจื’ืขืจ ืงืจื™ื’ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ื™ืกื’ืขื‘ืจืื›ืŸ. ืฆื• ืจืื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืืจื’ืขืกืŸ, ืžื•ื– ืขืจ ืจืขืงืึธื ืกื˜ืจื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืจ ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื“ืขืจ ืขืจื“ ืึทืจื•ื™ืฃ, ืฆื•ืคึผืึทืกืŸ ืฆื•ื–ืึทืžืขืŸ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื“ื•ืจืš ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ, ืึทืœืข ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขืงืœืขืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ืื•ืŸ ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืจืขื˜ืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืื™ืจ ืœืขื‘ืŸ.

ืื ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืคื™ืจ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืขืœืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืื™ืจ ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื™ื™ื‘ื™ืง - ื“ืขืจ ืงืึธืžืขืจืกืึทื ื˜ ืกืึทื ื˜ื™ืึทื’ืึธ ืงืึทืจืจืึทื ื–ืึท, ื“ืขืจ ืคืจืื ืฆื•ื™ื–ื™ืฉ ืจืขื•ื•ืืœื•ืฆื™ืื ืขืจ ืคึผื™ืขืจ ืงืึธืžื˜ืข, ื“ืขืจ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ื–ืฉื•ืจื ืึทืœื™ืกื˜ ืึทืœื‘ืขืจื˜ ื™ืขืงื‘ ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžื™ืœื™ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืึธืงื˜ืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื•ื ื“ืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื ืึทื–ื™ืกื ืžืึทืงืก ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื•ืžืึทื ืŸ, ืึทืžืขืœื™ืึท ืก ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทื ื˜ื™-ื”ืขืœื“ื™ืŸ ืจื•ื™ื‘ ืฆื• ืื™ืจ ืืฒื’ืขื ืข ืกืชึผื™ืจื•ืช, ืึทื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืžืึทื›ืŸ ืคึฟืขืœืขืจืŸ, ืฐืึธืก ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืงืฒื ืžืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ืขืจ ืฐืขื˜ ืขื ื“ืœืขืš ืœืฒื“ืŸ, ืึทืœืฆื“ื™ื ื’, ื“ืขื ืื•ืžื‘ืจื—ืžื ื•ืชื“ื™ืงืŸ ืคึผืœืึธื’ ืคึฟื•ืŸ ืกืฒึท ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื ืึทืฆื™ื–ื, ืกืฒึท ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืกืึธื•ื•ืขื˜ื™ืฉืขืจ ื“ื™ืงื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืจ.

ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืึธืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืจืขืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืง ื‘ื™ื– ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืจืœื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืื ื˜, ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขื’ืื ื’ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ืข ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืืœื˜ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”, ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ ืก ื ื™ื™ึท ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืจืึทื ื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ื’, ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืฉืคึผื™ืึธื ืึทื–ืฉ, ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ื˜ืจื™ื™ืึทืœ.

ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืคึผืึทืกืงื•ื“ื ื™ืึทืง

ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ ื”ืึธื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื ื™ื˜ ื’ืขืคึฟื•ื ืขืŸ ื”ืึธื ื™ืง ืื•ื™ืฃ ืื•ื ื“ื–ืขืจ ืœื™ืคืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคื™ืœ ื“ื™ืคึผืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ, ืึธืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ ืฆื™ ืžื™ืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ ืžื™ื˜ ื•ื•ืื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžืฉืขื›ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ื‘ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืื™ื™ืŸ-ื™ื ืงืขืจืึทื ืก.

ื“ืขืจ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื“ืขืจ ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืžืึทื ื™ื“ื–ืฉื™ื– ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืžืึทืกื˜ืขืจืคืึทืœื™ ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ืึธืก ืžืึธืœ ืžื™ืจ ืึทืจื™ื™ึทืŸ ืึท ืžื™ืกื˜ืขืจื™ืข ื›ืึทื•ื•ืขืจื™ื ื’ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ.

ืขืก ื–ืึธืœ ื ื™ื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืึท ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก, ื•ื•ื•ึผ Thomas Spencer ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืื ืฆืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื ื™ืฉื˜, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ื”ืื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืกื˜ืึทืคึผื˜ ื˜ืืŸ. ืื•ื™ื‘ ืึท ืœืขืฆื˜ ื•ื™ืกื‘ืจื•ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ, ืึธืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ ื“ืขืจ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืขื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืฉืขื”.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: Thomas Spencer ื•ื•ื™ื™ืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ื™ืœื˜. ื ืขื‘ืขืš ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜ ืื™ื– ื“ื™ ืคึผืจื™ื™ึทื– ืื™ืจ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื‘ืึทืฆืึธืœืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืคืกื˜ื™ื™ืœ, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืื™ืจ ื˜ืึธืŸ ื ื™ื˜ ื‘ืึทื“ื•ื™ืขืจืŸ ืขืก.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ, ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ืงืึทืจื“ื™ืึทืง ืขืคึผื™ื–ืึธื“, ืึท ืžืึธื“ื ืข ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ื”ืื˜ ื›ืึทืคึผืึทื ื“ ืื™ื ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืึทืœืึทื˜ื•ื“ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœืึทื’ื–ืฉืขืจื™ืึทืก ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ื ื•ื ื’, ื ืขื›ื˜ ืคืึธืจืŸ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืขืจ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื”ืขืœืคึฟืŸ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึทื ื“ืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืึธืก ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืขืจ ืงืึทื ืฉืึทืกืœื™ ืื•ื™ืกื“ืขืจื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืฆื• ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ .

ื“ืขืจ ื–ื›ึผืจื•ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืึธื•ืžืึทื ืฅ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืื™ื ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืึธื˜ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผื•ื‘ืœื™ืฆื™ืกื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืœื“ ืงืึธื ืกื•ืœื˜ืึทื ื˜, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืœืึธื ื“ืึธืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื• ื™ืืจืง ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื ื™ื™ื ื˜ื™ื–, ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ืœื– ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืงื™ ืžืขืงืึทื ื™ื–ืึทืžื– ื•ื•ืึธืก ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืกืขื ื˜ืขืจืก ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืกื•ืฃ. ื ืคื™ื™ึทื ื“ืœืขืš ื•ื•ืขืœื˜, ืจื•ืœื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื•ื•ืึธืžืขืŸ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืจื™ืœืึทืงื˜ืึทื ื˜ ืฆื• ืฉืคึผื™ืœืŸ ืึท ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง ืจืึธืœืข.

ื’ืขืฉื™ื›ื˜ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืึท ืคึผืึทืกืงื•ื“ื ื™ืึทืง
4.9/5 - (12 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

1 ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’ ืื•ื™ืฃ "3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื–ืฉื•ืœื™ืึท ื ืึทื•ื•ืึทืจืจืึธ"

  1. ื“ื• ืคืืจื’ืขืกื˜ ื–ืื’ ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ ืื™ื– ื“ืืก ื“ืขืจ ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื” ืคื•ืŸ ื ืฉืื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืขืจ ืคืืจ ืžื™ืจ, ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจื™ืงืข ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ืืœืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข

    ืขื ื˜ืคืขืจ

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.