ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืกืขืจืคึผืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืœืคืึธ

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืื™ืฆื˜ื™ืงืขืจ ื˜ืขืจืžื™ื ืึธืœืึธื’ื™ืข, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœืึทื ื“-ืกืึธืจื˜ ื’ืึทื ื’, ืžื™ืกื˜ืึธืžืข ืงื™ื™ื ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื”ืึธื‘ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ื’ืขืงืึธื›ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืกื™ืงื ืกืึธืจื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืœืคืึธ. ื•ื ื™ื•ื•ืขืจืกืึทืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืึทื“ืžื™ื™ืขืจื“ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ืขืœื˜ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืกืฆืขื ืข. ื”ื™ื ื˜ืขืจ ืื™ื ืžื™ืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ืืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจ ื™ืœืึทืกื˜ืจื™ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ึทื ื˜ืฆื™ื™ึทื˜ื™ืง ืžืขืงืกื™ืงืึทืŸ ืฉืจื™ื™ึทื‘ืขืจ: ืงืึทืจืœืึธืก ืคื•ืขื ื˜ืขืก, ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ืขืจ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ื˜ ืื•ื ื“ื– ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืจืืžืื ืขืŸ, ื”ืื˜ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ืขื ืขืงืกืึทืœืึทื ืก ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ืฉืขื ื™.

ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทื ื“ืขืจืข ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ืŸ, ื”ืึธื‘ ืื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ืฆื• ืคืึธืจืฉื˜ืขืœืŸ ื ื’ืจื•ื™ืกืข ืื•ื™ืกื’ืื‘ืข, ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ืจืขื ื’ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ื ืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื•ื ื’ืื ืฆืŸ ืžื—ื‘ืจ'ืก ื•ื•ืขืจืง. ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืœืคืึธ, ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขื ืงืึทืžืขืžืจืึทื˜ื™ื•ื• ืงืขืกื˜ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืกืขื ื˜ืขื ืึทืจื™:

ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜ ื”ืื˜ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ื™ืงืกืขืคึผืฉืึทื ืึทืœ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ืขืจืก. ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื“ื™ ืกืขืœืขืงื˜ืขื“ ื’ืจื•ืคึผืข, ืžื™ืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื’ืขืคึฟื™ื ืขืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึธื˜ืึธื’ืจืึทืฃ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื‘ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฆื• ืฉื™ืœื“ืขืจืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืึทืงื˜ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ืคื™ืœืข ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก ืฆื• ืึท ื›ืขื˜ืขืจืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ื ื™ืึทืก ื–ืึทืฅ ื•ื•ื™ ืžืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ.

ื ืงื•ืœื˜ ืžื—ื‘ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ Pedro Pรกramo ืขืจ ืงืึทื ื•ื•ื™ื ืกื˜ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืงืก ืื•ืŸ ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ. ื ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ื”ื™ื™ืš ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ Macbeth ืคื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืึธื˜ืขื, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึทื˜ืึทืœ ืงืึธืžื‘ื™ื ืึทืฆื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ืขืก, ืชืื•ื•ืช, ืœื™ื‘ืข ืื•ืŸ ืคืจืึทืกื˜ืจื™ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

ืึธื‘ืขืจ Juan Rulfo ื”ืื˜ ืคื™ืœ ืžืขืจ. ื“ืึธืก ืžื™ื™ึทืกื˜ืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืง ืขื ื“ื™ืงืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ื’ืื ืฆืข ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ื•ื•ืขืจืง ื•ื•ืึธืก, ื›ืึธื˜ืฉ ื ื™ื˜ ืฉืขืคืขื“ื™ืง, ืฉื˜ื™ื™ื˜ ืื•ื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ื™ืง ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™.

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Juan Rulfo

Pedro Paramo

ื ื‘ื™ืกืœ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื™ื ืงืก ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ. ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื™ืง-ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืžืึทืงื‘ืขื˜ื” ื”ืื˜ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื™ึทืœืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืขืขื ื˜ืขืจ ืฆื• ืื•ื ื“ื–, ืึท ื™ื™ื“ื™ืฉื™ื ืงืจืึทืกื™ ืžืขืจ ื˜ื™ืคึผื™ืฉ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื”ื™ืกืคึผืึทื ื™ืง ื•ื•ืขืœื˜. ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืขื’, ืžื™ืจ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื’ื•ืกื˜ื™ืจืŸ ื“ืขื ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืคื•ื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฆื• ืžืึทื›ื˜ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืงืึทื ื˜ืจืึทืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ืึทืจื‘ื™ืง ืขืกืึทื ืก.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: ื–ื™ื ื˜ ื“ืขื ืื•ื™ืกื–ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1955, ื“ืขื ื•ื™ืกืขืจื’ืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื ืœืขืš ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืกื™ืงืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืœืคืึธ ืื™ื– ืื™ื‘ืขืจื’ืขื–ืขืฆื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืจื™ื™ึทืกื™ืง ืฉืคึผืจืึทื›ืŸ ืื•ืŸ ื’ืขืคึฟื™ืจื˜ ืฆื• ืงื™ื™ืคืœ ืื•ืŸ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืจื™ืกื™ื•ื– ืื™ืŸ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ-ื’ืขืจืขื“ื˜ ืœืขื ื“ืขืจ. ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ, ื“ื™ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืจื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขืจื™ื™ื–ื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ Juan Rulfo ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข, ื–ืึธืœ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขืจืขื›ื ื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ.

Pedro ืื™ื– ืึท ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ื‘ื™ืกืœืขื›ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืืจืŸ ืึท ื”ื™ืฆื™ืง, ื–ืฉืขื“ื ืข ืงืึทืกื™ืง, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืžื˜ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืžืึธื’ืŸ ืึทืœืฅ ืžื™ื˜ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืžืขื˜ืึธื“, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ืคื•ื ื“ืขืกื˜ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืคื™ืœื– ืึท ืึทื ืœื™ืžืึทื˜ืึทื“ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืคึฟืึทืจ ืกื•ืกืึทื ืึท ืกืึทืŸ ื•ื•ืึทืŸ. Pedro Pรกramo ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืึทืงื•ืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื‘ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืœื™ื‘ื˜ ืกื•ืกืึทื ืึท ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืคืึทืจืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฆืขืฉื˜ืขืจืŸ.

Pedro Paramo

ื“ื™ ื‘ื•ืจื ื™ื ื’ ืคึผืœื™ื™ืŸ

ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืœืคืึธ ืžื•ื“ื” ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข ืžืึธืœ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืกื›ื•ื ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื’ืขื–ืืžืœื˜ ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึท ื’ืขื ืขืจืึทืœ ืฉืึธืก ืคื•ืŸ Pedro Pรกramo, ืึท ืกืงื™ืฆืข, ืึท ืกืขืจื™ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืคืœืึทื ื’ืงื™ื ื’ ืึทืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืฉื™ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืึทื ื’ ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึท ืขื ืœืขืš ืึทื˜ืžืึธืกืคืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ื™ ื’ืจืึธื‘ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืึทื ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืงืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื–ื™ื™ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื˜ืขืึทื˜ืขืจ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ืคึผืจืขื–ืขื ื˜ื™ืจื•ื ื’.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: ืื™ืŸ 1953, ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืึธืจ ืื™ื™ื“ืขืจ Pedro Pรกramo, ืื™ื– ืืจื•ื™ืก ืึท ื–ืึทืžืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื˜ืขืจ ื“ืขื ื˜ื™ื˜ืœ El llano en Llamas. ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขืจ ืžืึธืžืขื ื˜, ื•ื•ื™ ื™ืขื ืข ืคื•ืŸ โ€‹โ€‹ืื™ืฆื˜, ืคึผืขืœืฅ ื“ื™ ืคึฟืจืื’ืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื™ื™: ื•ื•ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื•ื•ืึทืŸ ืจื•ืœืคืึธ? ืคืืจื•ื•ืืก ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜ ืขืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืฉืจื™ื™ื‘ื˜, ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœ ืขืœื ื˜, ืึทื– ืคึผืจืึธื–ืข ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืฉื˜ืจืขื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืคื•ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ืง, ืœืึธื•ื ืœื™ื ืึทืก ืื•ืŸ ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“?

ื“ื™ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืฆื• ืขืคึฟืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ืจืŸ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก ืื•ืŸ ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ื“ื™ ื“ืขืคื™ื ื™ื˜ื™ื•ื•ืข ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ "El Llano en llamas" ืงืขืจืขืงื˜ืึทื“ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ Juan Rulfo ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคึผืขื“ื™ืข. ืึธืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ืคืœ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ื•ื•ื™ื›ื˜ื™ืง ื˜ืขืงืกืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืึทื ื™ืฉ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืึทื˜ื•ืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ XNUMX ื™ืึธืจื”ื•ื ื“ืขืจื˜.

ื“ื™ ื‘ืจืขื ืขืŸ ืคึผืœืึทื™ืŸ

ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืŸ

ืคึฟืึทืจ Juan Rulfo, ืกื™ื ืขืžืึท ืึธืคืคืขืจืก ืึท ืกืคึผืขืฆื™ืขืœ ืžืึทื’ื ืึทื˜ื™ื–ืึทื. ื ื’ืขื–ื•ื ื˜-ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช, ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื™ื ืขืŸ ืฆื• ืคืึทืจืฉืคึผืจื™ื™ื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ืึทื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทืจื‘ืขื˜.

ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขืจ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ื˜ืึทื’ืึทื ืึทืกืก ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืžืื ื˜, ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืœืึทื ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ื‘ืœื™ื™ื‘ืŸ. ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื’ืขื“ืึทื ืง ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฉืจื™ืคื˜ ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื“ืึธืก ื‘ื•ืš.

ืงื™ืฆืขืจ: ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืœื™ ื‘ืืฉืืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ืขืงืกืคึผืขืงื˜ื™ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืคื™ืœื ืฉืจื™ืคื˜, ื“ื™ "ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’" ืคึฟืึทืจ ืขื˜ืœืขื›ืข, ืคึฟืึทืจ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึท "ืงื•ืจืฅ ืจืึธืžืึทืŸ", ื™ืงืกื™ื“ื– ื“ื™ ืคื™ืœื ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืคื™ืœืžื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื–ืขืœื‘ืข ื ืึธืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1964.

ืึธืจื™ื’ื™ื ืึทืœืœื™ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืื™ืŸ 1950, ื“ืขืจ ืขืจืฉื˜ืขืจ ื ื™ื™ึทืขืก ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผื™ืœ ืจื™ื˜ืฉื˜ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืขืก ืื™ืŸ ืืงื˜ืื‘ืขืจ 1956, ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงืึธื ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคื™ืœื ืคึผืจืึธื“ื•ืงืฆื™ืข, ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืึทืคึผื™ืจื“ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืืœื’ืขื ื“ืข ื™ืึธืจืŸ. ืื™ืŸ ื™ืื ื•ืืจ 1959, ื“ืขืจ ื˜ืขืงืกื˜ (ื˜ื™ื™ืคึผื˜ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Rulfo's ืžืึทื ื•ืกืงืจื™ืคึผื˜) ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืจืขื’ื™ืกื˜ืจื™ืจื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืึท ืึธืคื™ืก ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืคึผืจืึธื•ืกื™ื“ื–ืฉืขืจื–.

ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ Rulfo's ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื•ื™ืกื’ืขืฆื™ื™ื›ื ื˜, ื˜ืึธืžืขืจ ื“ื™ ื™ื–ื™ืึทืกื˜ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืฆื• ืœื™ื™ืขื ืขืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ืขื ืžื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืŸ ืื•ื™ืš ื“ืขืจ ืงืœืขื ืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ืึทื•ื•ื•ืกื˜. ืขืก ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื˜ ื“ื™ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก, ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ื•ืžื’ืœื™ืง, ืึทื˜ืฉื™ื•ื•ื– ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ื™ืœื–ื™ื™ึทืŸ ืื•ืŸ, ื•ื•ื™ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืจืขืฉื˜ ืคื•ืŸ Rulfo's ื•ื•ืขืจืง, ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™ืงืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืึทืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืึธื‘ืขืจ ื˜ืจืึทื’ื™ืฉ ืจืขื–ื•ืœื˜ืึทื˜.

ื“ื™ ื’ืึธืœื“ืขืŸ ื”ืึธืŸ
5/5 - (6 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.