ื“ื™ 3 ื‘ืขืกื˜ืขืจ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ Ambrose Bierce

ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ื’ ืœืขืฆื˜ื ืก ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ Clive ื‘ืึทืจืงืขืจ, ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ืข ื’ืจื•ื™ืก ืจืขืคืขืจืขื ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท, ืขืก ืื™ื– ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืจืขื›ื˜ ืฆื• ื™ื•ืฉืจ ืฆื• ืฆื•ืจื™ืงืงืจื™ื’ืŸ ืึท ืžื—ื‘ืจ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ื ืึธืš ื’ืขืจื™ืจื˜ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืœืึธื’ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื•ื™ืš ื”ืื˜ ืึท ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืฆื• ื–ืึธื’ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืฉืึทืงื™ื ื’ ื–ืฉืึทื ืจืึท.

ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ Ambrose Bierce ืื™ื– ืึท ืฉืœื™ื™ืžืขืกื“ื™ืง ืคึฟืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ ืฆื•ื•ื™ื™ ื™ืงืขืจื“ื™ืง ืคึผื™ืœืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ: ืขื“ื’ืึทืจ ืึทืœืึทืŸ ืคึผืึธื• Y ืœืึธื•ื•ืขืงืจืึทืคื˜. ืื•ืŸ ืึทื– ื“ืขืจ ื—ืœื•ื ืคื•ืŸ Bierce ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ืฆื• ื“ื™ ื–ืืžืขืŸ ืงืขืŸ ื ื™ืฉื˜ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ื™ ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข.

ืฆื• ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึท ืจืขืคึฟืขืจืขื ืฅ ืึธืŸ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืฆื• ื”ืึทืœื˜ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคืœืึทื ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืข ืก ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืœืขื‘ืขื“ื™ืง ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืึทื– ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื•ื•ืึธืœื˜ ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืึธื ื˜ืœืขื˜ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืคึผืขื˜ืขืจ, ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืื•ืŸ ื”ืขืžืฉืขื›ื“ื™ืงื™ื™ื˜ ืฆื• ืึท ืœื™ื˜ืขืจืืจื™ืฉืข ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืกื™ื‘ื”.

ืคื•ืŸ ืงื•ืจืก, ืื™ืŸ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืฆื• ืงืึทืœื˜ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืžืขืจืกื˜ ืคืจื•ื›ื˜ื™ืง ืกืคึผื™ื™ืกืึทื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื›ืึธืจืขืจื–, Bierce ืื•ื™ืš ืœื™ื‘ ื’ืขื”ืื˜ ืฆื• ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื•ืจืš ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืึทืจืฃ ืคืขื“ืขืจ, ื’ืขืžืื›ื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื’ื™ืœืึทื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืกืึทื˜ื™ืจืข, ืงื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ืึธื“ืขืจ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืขืœื“.

ืื•ืŸ ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื– ื•ื•ื™ Ambrose Bierce ืื™ื– ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึธื•ืฆืคึผืึธื•ืงืึทืŸ ื‘ืึธื›ืขืจ, ืžื•ืจื ื’ืขื”ืื˜ (ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ื™ื™ื“ืึทืกื˜ ื–ื™ื ืขืŸ) ืื™ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธืคืŸ-ืขืจื ืกื˜ ืขืงืกืึทื‘ื™ืฉืึทื ื– ืื™ืŸ ืึทืจื˜ื™ืงืœืขืŸ, ื›ืจืึธื ื™ืงืœืขืก ืึธื“ืขืจ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช.

Top 3 ืจืขืงืึทืžืขื ื“ื™ื“ ื‘ื™ื›ืขืจ ืคึฟื•ืŸ Ambrose Bierce

ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืึทื ื–

ื ืคืจื™ืฉ ื‘ืึทื ื“ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืœืขืงืฅ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทืจื™ืžื˜ "ืื™ื ืฆื™ื“ืขื ื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ืœ ืงืจื™ืง ื‘ืจื™ืง." ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืข ื–ืึทืš ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ืจื›ืคืึธืจ ืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜, ื“ื™ ืึทื ืึทืœื™ืกื™ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืฆืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ื•ื•ืขืจืง ืึทื–ืึท ื•ื•ื™ Bierce ืก, ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื™ื’ืจื•ืคึผื˜ ืึทืคื˜ืขืจืึธืจื™ ื“ื•ืจืš ื˜ื™ืžืึทื˜ื™ืง ืึทื ืึทืœืึทื“ื–ืฉื™, ื™ื ื˜ืขื ืกื™ื˜ื™ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืึทืกืคึผืขืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืžืคึผืจื™ื™ื–ื™ื– ื“ื™ ืกื˜ืขืจืขืึธืกืงืึธืคึผื™ืง ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ื‘ื™ื‘ืœื™ืึธื’ืจืึทืคื™. ื“ืึธืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข. Ambrose Bierce ืก ื›ืึทืจืึทืงื˜ืขืจ.

ื‘ื™ื™ ื“ืขืจ ื’ืขืœืขื’ื ื”ื™ื™ื˜ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื‘ืึทืฆื™ืจื˜ ื“ื™ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืžื™ื˜ ืžืœื—ืžื”-ืื™ื‘ืขืจื˜ืึธื ืขืŸ, ื’ืขืจืึทื˜ืขื•ื•ืขื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืœืขื‘ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืขืจืก, ื•ื•ืขืœื›ืขืจ ื”ืึธื˜ ื ื™ื˜ ืึธืคึผื’ืขื•ื•ืึธืจืคืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืคื•ืŸ ืคืจืึธื ื˜ ืึธื“ืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืจืขืคึผืึธืจื˜ืขืจ, ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืจื•ืฉื ืคื•ืŸ ืœืขื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงื•ืงื˜ ืฉื˜ืขื ื“ื™ืง ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจืข ืชื”ื•ื. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื›ืึธืจืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืžื™ื˜ ืึทืŸ ื•ืžืœื™ื™ืงื ื“ืœืขืš ืึทื ื˜ื™-ืžืœื—ืžื” ื›ื•ื•ื ื”, ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ื’ืึทื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื‘ืึทื ื“ ืึทื“ืจืขืกื– ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืžืขืจ ืึทื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืงืึธื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืคืึทืœ ื‘ืึทืงืขื ืขืŸ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืฆื• ื˜ื™ืฃ ืงืึทืœื™ืคืึธืจื ื™ืึท.

ื“ื™ ืจื•ืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ืงื”ืœ ืžื™ื˜ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื’ืœื•ื™ื‘ืŸ ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืึทืžื˜ืขืจ ืจืขืœื™ื’ื™ืึธื ืก ืขื ื“ืก ืื•ื ื“ื– ื™ื ืกืขืจื˜ื™ื ื’ ืื•ื ื“ื– ืื™ืŸ ืคื™ื ืฆื˜ืขืจื ื™ืฉ ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ืชืื•ื•ืช, ื”ืึทืก. ืื™ืŸ ืึทืœื’ืขืžื™ื™ืŸ, ืžื•ืจื ืคึฟื•ืŸ ื•ื•ื•ึผ ื“ื™ ื’ืขืฉืขืขื ื™ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื•ืœ ื˜ื™ื™ึทืš ืื™ื– ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ, ืžื™ื˜ ืื™ื™ื ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื”ืขืœืกื˜ืข ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกืฅ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื’ืจื•ื™ืœ ืžื™ื™ึทืกืข.

ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ืคื•ืŸ ื–ืขืœื ืขืจ ืื•ืŸ ืกืึทื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืึทื ื–

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืŸ ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืš

ื ื• ื™ืึธ, ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื“ื™ ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจ ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืคื™ืจื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื•ื•ืœ ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžื™ื ื™ื ื’ื– ืงืขื ืขืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืจืึทืคึผื ืขืœ ื‘ืืงื•ืžืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื•ื•ื™ืกืŸ. Newspeak ืื™ื– ืึท ื’ืื ืฅ ื’ืขืฆื™ื™ึทื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ ื‘ืึทื ื™ืฆืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื•ื•ืึธืคืŸ. ืื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ื–ืึทืš ืื™ื– ืึทื– ืขืก ืื™ื– ืึทืœื˜ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ ืฉืคึผืจืึทืš ื–ื™ืš.

ืื•ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืคึผื ื™ื ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ื– ื ื•ืฆืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืึธืœื™ื˜ื™ืง, ื’ื•ื˜ ืžืึทื ื™ืจืŸ, ืคึผืจืึธื˜ืึธืงืึธืœ ืึธื“ืขืจ ืงื™ื™ืŸ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ืงืึทื ืึทืœ ืคืึทืจืฉื˜ืขืœื•ื ื’ ื•ื•ื™ ื’ื•ื˜ืกืงื™ื™ื˜, ืขืก ืื™ื– ื’ืึธืจื ื™ืฉื˜ ื‘ืขืกืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ืึทืŸ ืึทืžื‘ืจืึธืกืข ื‘ื™ืขืจืก ื‘ืืฉืœืืกืŸ ืฆื• ื’ืขื‘ืŸ ืึท ื’ื•ื˜ ื•ื•ืึทื ืข ืฆื• ื™ืขื“ืขืจ ื’ืขื–ืขืœืฉืึทืคื˜ืœืขืš ื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื‘ืึทื’ืขื’ื ื˜ ื“ื•ืจืš ืงืึทื ืคืึธืจืžืึทื˜ื™, ื•ื•ืึธืก ืงืึทืกื˜ืึทืžืขืจื™ ืื•ืŸ ืจืขืึทืงืฆื™ืึธื ืขืจ , ืกืขืจื•ื•ื™ื ื’ ื“ื™ ืœืขืฆื˜ ืฆื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื˜ื™ื™ึทื˜ืฉ ืคื•ืŸ ืคึผืขืจื•ื•ืขืจืกืข ืกื˜ืึทื˜ื•ืกืขืก ื•ื•ืึธืก ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื™ื ืึทืงืกืขืกืึทื‘ืึทืœ ืฆื• ืขื ื“ืขืจื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืื™ืŸ ืฆื™ื™ื˜. ืขืก ืื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืขืจ ื’ืจื™ื ื’ ืคึฟืึทืจ Bierce ืฆื• ืึทื ื˜ื“ืขืงืŸ ื“ืขื ื ืึทืงืขื˜ ืงื™ื™ืกืขืจ ืึทืžืึธืœ ื•ื•ื™ื“ืขืจ. ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื–ืขืื•ื ื’ ืื™ื– ื ื™ื˜ ืžืขืจ ืึทื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ืงื™ื ื“ ื•ื•ืืก ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื˜ ื“ืขื ืืžืช. ื•ื•ืฒึทืœ ื‘ื™ืจืกืข ืœืึธื–ื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืš ืื•ื™ืก ืื•ืŸ ื‘ืึทืฉื•ืœื“ื™ืงื˜ ื–ื™ืš ืฆื• ืคึผืจื•ึผื•ื•ืŸ ืื™ื‘ืขืจืฆื•ื’ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขื ืฉืคึผืึธื˜ ืฆื• ื“ืขืจ ืื•ื™ืคื•ื•ืขืงืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ืึท ืžืขืจ ืงืจื™ื˜ื™ืฉืŸ ื‘ืื•ื•ื•ืกื˜ื–ื™ื™ืŸ. ื™ืœืœื•ืกื˜ืจืึทื˜ืขื“ ืึทื“ื™ืฉืึทืŸ ืคึฟืึทืจ ื“ื™ ืกื™ื‘ื” ื“ื•ืจืš Alberto Montt.

ื“ืขืจ ืฉื˜ืŸ ืก ื•ื•ืขืจื˜ืขืจื‘ื•ืš

ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืึทื–ืึท ื˜ื™ื ื’ื– ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจืŸ?

ื“ื™ ื˜ืฉื™ืงืึทื•ื•ืข ืฆื•ืจื™ืง-ืื•ืŸ-ืึทืจื•ื™ืก ื•ื•ื™ืจืงื•ื ื’ ืฆื•ื•ื™ืฉืŸ Bierce ืก ื™ืงืกืคึผื™ืจื™ืึทื ืกื™ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ืขืจืฆื™ื™ืœื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืึทื•ื•ื™ื™ืงืึทื ื– ืึทื– ื“ื™ืกื˜ืจืขืกื™ื ื’ ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ื”ืึทืจื‘ ืคืึทืงื˜.

Bierce ืก ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคึผืจืึทื“ื–ืฉืขืงืฉืึทื ื– ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขื‘ื•ื™ืจืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ืขื ื’ืขืคื™ืœ ืคื•ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉื”ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื™ืงืกืคึผืึธื•ื–ื“ ืฆื• ื’ื•ื•ืึทืœื“ ืื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื™ื˜, ืฆื• ืึทื˜ืึทื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ืง ืคื™ืจื– ืื•ืŸ ื”ืืคืขื ื•ื ื’ืขืŸ ืคืึธื•ืงื™ืกื˜ ื‘ืœื•ื™ื– ืื•ื™ืฃ ื ื™ืฆืœ, ื•ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืžื•ืช. ื•ื•ื™ื™ึทืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ืื™ื– ื™ืžืคึผืจืขื’ื ื™ื™ื˜ืึทื“ ืžื™ื˜ ื“ื™ ื›ืึธืจืขืจื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืžืœื—ืžื•ืช ืื™ืŸ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืขืจ ืื ื˜ื™ื™ืœ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื•ื›ืŸ ืคื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ืึทื–ื•ื ื“ืขืจ ืืžืช. ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืืžืขืจื™ืงืื ืขืจ ืกื™ื•ื•ื™ืœ ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฆื• ื“ื™ ืžืขืงืกื™ืงืึทืŸ ืจืขื•ื•ืืœื•ืฆื™ืข, ื“ื™ ืขืงื–ื™ืกื˜ืขื ืฅ ืื•ื™ืฃ ื“ืขื ื‘ืจืขื’, ืžื™ื˜ Bierce ืก ืื™ื™ื’ืขื ืข ืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื•ื•ื ื“ื– ืื•ืŸ ื–ื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื™ืกืึทืคึผื™ืจืึทื ืก ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืงืกื™ืงื ื ืึธืš ื“ื™ ืขืœื˜ืขืจ ืคื•ืŸ 60, ื’ืขื•ื•ืขืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ืึท ืึธื ื–ืึธื’ ืึทื– Bierce ื’ืขื•ื•ืืœื˜ ืฆื• ื˜ืจืึทื ืกืงืจื™ื‘ื™ืจืŸ ืึธืŸ ืคื™ืœื˜ืขืจืก.

ืึทื—ื•ืฅ ืึทื– ื“ื™ ืคืึทื ื˜ืึทืกื˜ื™ืฉ ืคืึทืจื‘ื™ื ื“ืŸ ืื™ื– ืœืขืกืึธืฃ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ืขืจ ืคืึธืงื•ืก ืคื•ืŸ ืœื™ื›ื˜ ื•ื•ืขืŸ ืื™ืจ ื•ื•ืขื˜ ื“ืขืจื’ืจื™ื™ื›ืŸ ื“ื™ ืื ื“ืขืจืข ื–ื™ื™ึทื˜ ื ืึธืš ื˜ื•ื™ื˜. ืžื™ื˜ ื“ืขื ืœื™ื›ื˜, ื“ื™ ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื–ืขื ืขืŸ ื’ืขืฉืจื™ื‘ืŸ ืฆื• ื•ื•ืขืžืขื ืก ืงืฉื™ื ื•ื•ืขื’ืŸ ื“ื™ ืคึผืึทืกื™ืจื•ื ื’ ืื•ืŸ ืจื™ืคึผื™ื˜ื™ื ื’ ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ืฉืจืขืงืœืขืš ืื™ืŸ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉ ื“ืขืจืฉื™ื™ึทื ืขืŸ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ืกื˜ื™ื“ ืื•ืŸ ืžืงื™ื™ื ืขื ื˜ืคึฟืขืจืก, ื•ื•ื™ ืขืงืึธื•ื– ืคื•ืŸ ื“ื™ ื“ื•ื ืื•ืŸ ื˜ืขืจืึธืจ ื•ื•ืึธืก ืœื•ืžื“ ืื™ื‘ืขืจ ื“ื™ ืžืขื ื˜ืฉืœืขืš ื ืฉืžื”, ืึทื ื‘ืึทืœืึทื ืกื˜ ื‘ื™ื™ ืึทื–ื•ื™ ืคื™ืœืข ืžืืœ ืฆื• ื‘ื™ื™ื– ืื™ืŸ ื“ื™ ืึทื ืกืขืกื˜ืจืึทืœ ื’ืขืจืึทื ื’ืœ. ืžืขืจ ื•ื•ื™ ืคืขืจืฆื™ืง ืžืขืฉื™ื•ืช ื•ื•ืึธืก ื ืขืžืขืŸ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืึธื˜ืขื ืึทื•ื•ืขืง.

ืื–ืขืœื›ืข ื–ืื›ืŸ ืงืขื ืขืŸ ืคืืกื™ืจืŸ
5/5 - (10 ื•ื•ืึธื•ืฅ)

ืœืึธื–ืŸ ืึท ื‘ืึทืžืขืจืงื•ื ื’

ื“ืขื ืคึผืœืึทืฅ ื ื™ืฆื˜ ืึทืงื™ืกืžืขื˜ ืฆื• ืจืขื“ื•ืฆื™ืจืŸ ืกืคึผืึทื. ืœืขืจืŸ ื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงืึธืžืขื ื˜ืึทืจ ื“ืึทื˜ืข ืื™ื– ืคึผืจืึทืกืขืกื˜.