Kumthandi wento yonke malunga nenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba njengam, umbhali unje UVictor Hugo uba sisalathiso esisisiseko ukubona ihlabathi phantsi kwaloo prism yothando eqhelekileyo yelo xesha. Umbono wehlabathi owawuhamba phakathi kwe-esoteric kunye nesimanje, ixesha apho oomatshini bavelisa ubutyebi bezoshishino kunye nosizi kwizixeko ezixineneyo. Ixesha apho ubungangamsha boohlohlesakhe abatsha kunye nobumnyama babasebenzi ekwathi ezinye izangqa zaziceba iinzame ezithe gqolo zokuguqula intlalontle.
Ukwahlula oko UVictor Hugo wayesazi ukuba afake njani kwimisebenzi yakhe yoncwadi. Iinoveli ezinikele kwizimvo, ezinenjongo yokuguqula ngandlela thile kwaye zinobomi obunomdla, obunomdla kakhulu. Amabali asafundwa nanamhlanje ngokuncoma okwenyani kobume bawo obunzima nobupheleleyo.
Kwimeko kaVíctor Hugo, i-Les Miserables yayiyeyona noveli iphambili, kodwa kuninzi okunokufunyanwa kulo mbhali. Masiye apho.
Iincwadana ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguVictor Hugo
Iimbandezelo
Umsebenzi wobugcisa awunakukhutshwa kwindawo yabo ebalaseleyo. Ukubhalwa koncwadi olukhulu lukaVictor Hugo yile. UJean Valjean unokulingana, ngokweyona mibhalo yaziwayo kwilizwe, kwiDon Quixote yethu.
Umntu ophantsi kobunzima bomthetho kunye nehlabathi ahlala kulo. Umlinganiswa esiziswe ngaye umzabalazo we-anthological wokulungileyo nokubi, ulungelelaniswa nomzuzu wayo wembali, kodwa ukhutshwe ngokulula kuwo nawuphi na umzuzu wempucuko yethu.
Isishwankathelo: UJean Valjean, owayesakuba libanjwa owavalelwa iminyaka engamashumi amabini ngenxa yokuba iqhekeza lesonka, uba yindoda engumzekelo elwa nosizi nokungabikho kokusesikweni nonikela ubomi bakhe ekunyamekeleni intombi yomfazi ekwafuneka abe lihenyukazi. sindisa intombazana. Ngaloo ndlela, uJean Valjean unyanzelekile ukuba atshintshe amagama akhe amaxesha amaninzi, abanjwe, abaleke kwaye aphinde avele.
Kwangelo xesha, kufuneka abaleke uMkomishinara uJavert, ipolisa elingenakuguqulwa emlandelayo eqinisekile ukuba usalinde iiakhawunti kwinkqubo yezomthetho. Ukujongana kwaba babini kwenzeka ngexesha lemvukelo yowe-1832 eParis, apho, kwizithintelo, iqela lolutsha olunombono ofanelekileyo lusukuma emkhosini ukukhusela inkululeko. Kwaye, phakathi kwayo yonke le nto, amabali othando, idini, intlawulelo, ubuhlobo, ...
Ngenxa yokuba inkqubela phambili, umthetho, umphefumlo, uThixo, iNguqulelo yesiFrentshi, intolongo, inkontileka yentlalontle, ulwaphulo-mthetho, i-sewers yaseParis, uthando, ukuxhatshazwa, intlupheko, ubulungisa ... yonke into inendawo kakhulu kwi-Victor Hugo's. umsebenzi obanzi nodumileyo, Les Misérables.
Imbali ebalaseleyo yembali yaseFransi kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane ye-1848, ukusuka eWaterloo ukuya kwimiqobo ye-XNUMX, uVictor Hugo ngokuzithandela wafuna kunye neLes Misérables uhlobo loncwadi olulungiselelwe umntu kunye nehlabathi lanamhlanje, inoveli epheleleyo. Hayi ilize, uqukumbela ngolu hlobo: "... logama kusekho ukungazi nosizi emhlabeni, iincwadi ezinje zisenokungabi namsebenzi."
Usuku lokugqibela lomntu ogwetyelwe ukufa
Isigwebo sentambo ayisiyongxaki apho iingxaki zokuziphatha zisebenza namhlanje. Ukusweleka komntu ezandleni zomnye umntu, ngaphandle komthetho lowo, bekusoloko kukho ingxabano. UVictor Hugo ujongene nayo kule noveli.
Isishwankathelo: Ibanjwa lokufa elingaziwayo lichaza ukubhala iiyure zokugqibela zobomi balo kwidayari. Ukungaqiniseki, isithukuthezi, unxunguphalo kunye noloyiko zilandelelana ebalini eliphela kanye xa ukubulawa sele kuza kwenzeka.
Ngokubandezeleka kombalisi, inoveli iyaphika naliphi na ixabiso elifanelekileyo kwisigwebo sentambo: ayilunganga, ayinabuntu kwaye ikhohlakele, kwaye noluntu oluyisebenzisayo linoxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho njengayo nayiphi na enye. Inoveli yohlalutyo okanye idrama esondeleyo, njengoko ichaziwe ngumbhali wayo, liphambi kwexesha layo ekusetyenzisweni kwesigcini sangaphakathi, esiza kuba nophuhliso oluninzi kwingxelo yekhulu lama-XNUMX.
Ukumkani uyonwabisa
I-parody ihlala inenjongo yokophula umthetho, nokuba nesazela ngokuhlekisa. UVictor Hugo wenza i-parody ebukekayo, engasemdeni weValle Inclán.
Isishwankathelo: UKumkani Unokuzonwabisa, nguVictor Hugo, yinto ephawulekayo yomyalelo wokuqala, kwaye kungekhona nje ngenxa yehlazo elijikeleze kwi-premiere yayo ngo-1833, kodwa nangenxa yenkcazo ecacileyo ye-protagonist yayo ephambili, i-jester Triboulet, nendlela echubekileyo ubuntu bakhe obutenxileyo abaluluka ngayo umgibe aza kuwela kuwo. Le twist ibonakala kwi-etymology yegama lakhe, i-triboler, ethi kwi-Old French ithetha ukuthuthumbisa, inkathazo, into enokuthi ijester yethu ingayeki ukuyenza.
Ukuthunywa kwabagwebi benkundla kwakunzima ngakumbi kunokwenziwa nje kwe-burlesque, kwaye kukho ubungqina bokuba basebenzise umsebenzi wokulumkisa, ngelixa imbonakalo yabo engaphandle kwe-canon (Triboulet yi-hunchback) yayisebenza njengendawo yokulwa imeko yesiqhelo kwaye ngaphezulu kwako konke ukugqwesa yemodeli yokwenyani, nokuba yeyokwandisa okanye ukuyicothisa.
