Ezona ncwadi zi-3 zigqwesileyo nguThomas Mann

Akukho mntu waziyo ukuba ebeya kuba ngumbhali onjani UThomas Mann kwiYurophu engenamfazwe. Kodwa kwiimeko awayehlala kuzo, ukususela kwiMfazwe yokuQala ukuya kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, kunye nexesha eliphakathi kweemfazwe kunye nexesha lokugqibela lasemva kwemfazwe libandakanyiwe, ukubandakanyeka kwakhe kwezopolitiko njengesiseko sobukrelekrele akuzange kumshiye engenamdla, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na iindleko. . Into enomdla kukuba UThomas Mann waba ngumbono kumacala omabini, Wajika ngokuqhubekayo ngasekhohlo njengoko ubuNazi babufumana indawo kwaye busebenzisa amandla awo njengawo nawuphi na umthetho.

Ukugxothwa kumazwe aliqela, ummi wase-US iminyaka emininzi de umbono wakhe oshiyekileyo wasekho waphelela ukummisa kwela lizwe utshaba lwakhe olutsha lwaluse Russia.

Umbhali ophumelele kakhulu, okokuqala kwiJamani yakhe kwaye emva koko kwihlabathi liphela, xa iincwadi zakhe zavalwa eJamani. Uyise wabantwana owayenembono enqwenelekayo njengaye ongazange alibazise ukungenela imikhosi echasene nobuNazi. Ibhaso leNobel kuNcwadi ngowe-1929.

Alithandabuzeki elokuba ubomi obuxakekileyo kulo mbhali, mhlawumbi ungoyena mntu ubhala ezona zinto zibalulekileyo eYurophu ngexesha lesiphithiphithi sokuqala senkulungwane yama-XNUMX.

Ukuba ngumbhali ophawulwe ziinkolelo zakhe eziqinileyo (nangona echasene nexesha) kunye neemeko zakhe, umsebenzi wakhe uphelela ekumiselweni yile nyani yaseYurophu. Kodwa ufundo olusisiseko lukwabandakanya intshayelelo yokuqala kuncwadi olulungileyo.

Iinoveli ezinconywayo nguThomas Mann

Intaba yomlingo

Mhlawumbi yeyona noveli yakhe ibalaseleyo. Lowo unokufumana uzuko ngakumbi kunye nokudana kamva. Ayisiyoyokuba inyanzelise okanye umsebenzi wezopolitiko, nangayiphi na indlela.

Kodwa xa ubuNazi baphawula uMann, le noveli yohlwaywa ngokukodwa. Ithemba leYurophu yemigaqo yokuziphatha ethandabuzekayo kunye neemeko zentlalo ezingaqhelekanga zazingafanelanga ubuqaqawuli boRhulumente Wesithathu.

Isishwankathelo: Intshukumo yale noveli yenzeka kwisibhedlele sephepha eZauberberg, kutshanje, apho abazala babini babalinganiswa abahlukileyo bahambelana khona.

Ngaphezulu kweziganeko (ukwazana noClaudia Chauchat okanye isibini sabantu abangaqhelekanga nabachasayo, iingxabano ezincinci eziveliswa kukuhlala phakathi kwabalinganiswa abanemvelaphi eyahlukileyo, ukungahambi ngokufa kwabantu njalo njalo), umdla wenoveli Ihlala kukuzala okugqibeleleyo kobomi bangaphakathi, obunomdla nobukrelekrele, kwigalari ebanzi yabalinganiswa ababoniswa nguMann phambi komfundi.

Akuthandabuzeki Intaba yeMilingo yenye yeyona misebenzi yaziwayo kaThomas Mann, ophumelele ibhaso likaNobel loNcwadi.

Okethiwe

Kambe ke, iCawa yayingenakudlula ngaphandle kosiba lukaMann oluyithethisayo. Akunjalo ngenxa yento emele yona, kodwa ngenxa yohanahaniso malunga nokukhanyela yonke inkanuko yangaphakathi.

Isishwankathelo: Onyuliweyo yinoveli enkulu malunga neenkanuko eziphantsi kunye nenguquko. UThomas Mann usebenzisa umzobo kaGregorius, uPope Gregory V, kunye negalari yabalinganiswa ababemngqongile ukubonisa ukubola kweCawa yexesha lakhe, kodwa ngaphezulu kwako konke ukuphonononga umphefumlo womntu.

Kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwakhona komthetho wexesha, eyona nto inomtsalane malunga nale noveli inkulu ziingcinga, iimvakalelo, amathandabuzo kunye neengxabano zobuqu abajamelana nazo abalinganiswa.

Kuyathandeka kuba kukho uphawu lwesihobe kunye nobunzulu babalinganiswa ababonisa umsebenzi wombhali omkhulu waseJamani kwaye kukho umfanekiso omangalisayo wembali ovezwa zonke izibane zayo kunye nezithunzi, kunye nexesha eliveliswe ngokuthanda nokuthembeka.

Ugqirha Faust

Ukusuka eUnited States, ngalo mbono uqhelekileyo ekuthinjweni olangazelela umhlaba oziva uzinikele kwilishwa, uThomas Mann wabhala eyona noveli yakhe igqithileyo. Ukuncothula kwakhe ngaphakathi kugqithise iyelenqe elisinika ifaust yaseJamani eFaust ehlengahlengisiweyo kwiimeko zoRhulumente Wesithathu.

Isishwankathelo: Inoveli ithatha imo yebhayografi, kwaye kuyo uMann ujongana "nokwehla kwentlekele komoya ophuhliswe kakhulu ukuya kwi-archaism yakudala" ebeka zombini njengesenzeko somntu ngamnye, lowo we-protagonist, u-Adrian Leverkühn, kwaye njengomnye ezona ngxaki zinzima ekwakufuneka iJamani ijamelane nazo kwinkulungwane yama-20, uGqirha uFaustus ufezekisa imfezeko esesikweni nobunzulu bomoya obungafane bufumaneke kwiintsomi zala maxesha zaseYurophu.