I-Psychology kunye noncwadi kuninzi ekufuneka bekwenzile, ngaphaya kokungazenzeki kwabo kobuntu (phantsi kwemvelaphi yesayensi yeengqondo). Ngaphandle kwengqondo, akukho lincwadi, okanye ubuncinci bekungayi kubakho noveli, uhlobo olulawula ubugcisa boncwadi ngokwevolumu yabafundi.
Abalinganiswa kwinoveli kufuneka babe negalelo, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ipsychology yabo. Umbhali uyinto encinci ye-psychoanalyst ephonononga ukuziphatha kunye nokuphendula. Kodwa eyona nto ibangela umdla kuyo yonke into kukuba iprofayile yezengqondo inokwahluka njengoko umntu ephikisana naye, kufuneka nje uyenze ukuba ithembeke ngaphandle kokuyinyanzela, kolu hlaselo lomlingo lwesenzo kunye nokuvuleleka kuluhlu olubanzi lweziphumo ezibambekayo.
Kwaye ke sifika UMarcos Chicot, ingcali yezoqoqosho, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke ingcali yengqondo kunye nombhali. Uthweswe isidanga kolu lwazi lupheleleyo lwengqondo kwaye ekugqibeleni wajoliswa kwibali elihambelana nobizo lwakhe lobuntu.
Kudibaniso, isazi sezengqondo sazibeka kwinkonzo yabalinganiswa bakhe, sahamba phakathi kwezicwangciso ezifihlakeleyo ngenjongo yokuguqula inyaniso. Ukusukela kumaxesha akude obuntu njengempucuko ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ngokubonakalayo ukuzimela njengoko ilayishwe nge-enigmas efana ne-transcendental esibuyisela kumlingo, ongaziwayo kunye ne-esoteric.
Funda ukuze UMarcos Chicot ngumdlalo weqonga apho abalinganiswa abenziwe ngokweenkcukacha basikhokelela phakathi koseto lwembali olungummangaliso olugqibela ngokutshiza inyani yethu. Emva kweempikiswano ezintsonkothileyo zalo mbhali sijamelene nokudibana nefilosofi yendalo iphela, ehamba nomntu ukususela kusetyenziso lokuqala lokuqiqa. Ukufezekisa ulungelelwaniso phakathi kokudlula kunye nokuzonwabisa okugcwele uxinzelelo lwebali ngumba womsebenzi olungileyo wombhali, umxube onokuzonwabisa ngelixa usondela kwimibuzo emikhulu.
Iincwadana ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguMarcos Chicot
Ukubulawa kukaPlato
Kwindawo ebanzi yeentsomi, UMarcos Chicot Ungomnye wabona babali bamabali abanamava kunye nezicwangciso zakhe zoxinzelelo olukhulu. Umbuzo weChicot kukufezekisa i-alchemy ebalisayo. Ke, ngokuhlonipha ngokungqongqo, kwelinye icala, iimeko, kodwa nangokuzisebenzisa ukuqhubela phambili loo ncasa imnandi, lo mbhali uyakwazi ukusasaza kunye nokonwabisa njengabanye abambalwa.
Ubuqhetseba kukucinga ngamaxesha adlulileyo njengabantu abonwabisayo ngokwabo. Kwaye bubumnyama bamanye amaxesha, ukuphuma kwesizathu kunye nobumnyama beenkolelo ezikude zezona meko zinobutshaba esinokucinga ngazo.
Emva kokugqiba uPythagoras noSocrates, uMarcos Chicot uyabuya kunye nenoveli engaqhelekanga ethetha ngoPlato, oyena sobulumko unempembelelo kwimbali yaseNtshona.
UAltea, ongomnye wabafundi bakaPlato oqaqambe kakhulu, akazi ukuba ubomi bakhe nobomntwana amlindileyo busemngciphekweni nokuba unotshaba kowabo. Kwelakhe icala, umhlobo wakhe kunye notitshala uPlato ubeka ubomi bakhe emngciphekweni ukuzama ukwenza iprojekthi yakhe enkulu ukuba ifezekiswe: ukumanya ezopolitiko kunye nefilosofi ukuze sizathu, ubulungisa kunye nobulumko bulawule, endaweni yeengxoxo ezingenanto zeedemogogues., Urhwaphilizo nokungazi.
Njengomva ongemva, ukunyuka kwamandla amatsha kunye ne-aura engenakoyiswa kubeka ukusinda kweSparta kunye neAthene emngciphekweni.
Ukuxhalaba, ubuqili, ukungcatsha kunye nothando olungalisebenzisiyo ixesha lazo ziyahlangana kwinoveli ephinda iphindaphinde ubugcisa beClassical Greece kunye nengcinga yesona sithandi sobulumko sibalulekileyo embalini.
Ukubulawa kukaPythagoras
Amayelenqe ebesenzeka okoko umntu eyindoda. Iminqweno yamandla yenza ezona zigongqongqo zoyikekayo ezinako ukubulala kwanombono kaMachivavellian wokuba uphumelele ngazo zonke iindleko okanye ukuphikisa izimvo ezichaseneyo. inoveli ifikelela kwiinqwelomoya.
Kodwa eneneni ayikokunika ingcaciso entsha ngembali yamandulo kodwa imalunga nokuhombisa ixesha kwiGrisi yamandulo apho isizathu saqalisa ukubonakala kwingcinga eqinileyo nebhaliweyo, ixesha apho zonke inzululwazi nobulumko ngokubanzi zaqalisa.
Kwaye njengoko kuhlala kusenzeka, izithunzi ziyavela phakathi kwezona zibane zibalaseleyo zoluntu. I-Ariadna kunye ne-Akenón yase-Egypt bazokujongana necala lokubulala elitshutshisa uPythagoras ngokwakhe kunye nokuqeshwa kwakhe kootitshala abatsha kwisikolo sakhe.
Ukuba kude kwezibakala kuvumela ukudityaniswa okukhulu kwentsomi ecetywayo ngumbhali, ukufezekisa ingxelo eyaziwayo kwiziganeko zokwenyani ezisindayo ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla ngendlela ebalisayo ehlobisa iMbali de kube kumiselwe iintsomi zoncwadi ezintsha.
Ukubulawa kukaSocrates
Ukuba ifomula isebenzile, kutheni ungandisi kuyo? Inokuba yayisesinye seziseko zokubhala le noveli intsha njengokuqhubeka Ukubulawa kukaPythagoras.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kube nzima ukujongana nohlobo lokuqhubeka kwenoveli esebenze kakuhle kakhulu. Kodwa ke, umbono wokujongana nentsomi entsha yembali malunga nomlingiswa kaSocrates, ekungekho mibhalo yaziwayo kwaye ngubani, Nangona kunjalo, wasebenza njengesalathiso kuzo zonke iingcinga ezinkulu zamaGrike, enikezela ngeziqinisekiso kunye nesibheno somntu ongenakuqondakala, umntu ocinga ngeengcinga kunye nofileyo kwi-hemlock "ekuchaseni ngenxa yesazela" kubukho bezithixo ezisemthethweni.
Ukongeza kumlinganiswa, umbhali uphinde wasebenzisa ithuba lesiphithiphithi senkulungwane yesi-XNUMX BC, apho iGrisi yaqhekeka phakathi kweengxwabangxwaba ezisaseleyo ukuza kuthi ga kulo mhla zihonjiswe ziindumasi kunye neentsomi kodwa oko bekuya kuthetha ukuba ngumlambo wegazi usiya uLwandle lweAegean.
Ke ngoko, phakathi komlinganiswa kaSocrates kunye nexesha lakhe lembali, umbhali uyakwazi ukuphinda enze kwaye onwabise, ehambisa abalinganiswa bakhe basekhaya bebhekisa kwimbali yentsomi ephezulu.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswayo nguMarcos Chicot
Ijenali kaGordon
Inoveli yokuqala epapashwe nguMarcos Chicot ejolise kuhlobo olwahluke kakhulu kunolo ekugqibeleni lwamzisela impumelelo. UGordon ufana no-Ignatius Ngokwenene (Ukudityaniswa kweececiuos) ogqibe ukufumana indima ekhazimlayo njengaleyo ibhekisa kuYohn Kennedy Toole.
Ihlaya eline-asidi malunga nobubi bomntu okrelekrele kodwa othembekileyo, umntu omhlaba wakhe wakhiwe wahlengahlengiswa kwingqondo yakhe yobuntwana nengqondo.
Ukukhubazeka kukaGordon kusikhokelela kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu ngenxa yenkolelo yakhe yokuba wonke umntu oqhuba loo ndlela kwicala elingalunganga akalunganga.
UGordon nguMesiya wemihla yethu, i-nini yee-taytantos ezinokuhlengahlengisa inyani kwi-prism yakhe yokuphumelela phantsi kwayo yonke imbandezelo yakhe ebalulekileyo kunye noloyiso oluqhubekayo.
Kodwa emazantsi eGordon uneenjongo ezintle. Uzenza ngathi ulungile, ulungile, kwaye kuyo yonke indawo agqitha kuyo ugqibela ngokushiya umzila wakhe we-superhero.
