Imbali yoLwazi inezinto ezithile ezithandekayo, ezaziwa kakhulu kukungqinelana nokufa (kufuneka ukuba babe neeyure kuphela bebodwa) phakathi kwababhali ababini bendalo yonke: iCervantes kunye neShakespeare. Oku kuhambelana okukhulu kwenzeka ngokudibana kunye nokwabelwe ngumbhali endikuzisa apha namhlanje, UTolstoy nomntu wakowabo UDostoevsky. Abona babhali babini babalaseleyo baseRashiya, yaye ngokungathandabuzekiyo phakathi kwabona babhali babalaseleyo kuncwadi lwehlabathi, nabo babephila ngexesha elinye.
Uhlobo lokudibana kwamathuba, ulungelelwaniso lomlingo, lubangele le mfanozandi kwiivesi zebali.. Icacile ... ... ukuba singabuza nabani na amagama ababhali ababini baseRussia, baya kucaphula le tandem yeeleta.
Njengoko kunokuxelwa kwangaphambili, abemi beli xesha babecinga ukuba bafana. UTolstoy naye wayethwaxwa yinto ebuhlungu, ebulalayo kwaye kwangaxeshanye imvukelo ejikeleze uluntu lwaseRussia olusabanjelwe ... Ubunyani njengendawo yokuqala yokwazisa kunye nentando yokutshintsha. Ukuphelelwa lithemba njengesikhuthazo sendawo ebonakalayo kunye nokuqaqamba kakhulu kubuntu bayo.
Iinoveli ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo zikaLeo Tolstoy
Anna Karenina
Yothusa into ekuthethwa ngayo kukubhikisha ngokuchasene nokuziphatha okuhle okwangoku. Mhlawumbi ingcamango malunga nokuba yintoni okanye ayiyonto yokuziphatha, malunga nokuba kukuzinikela kwi-vice okanye ukusebenzisa inkululeko yokuzikhethela kuye kwaba nako ukutshintsha kakhulu, kodwa ukuxhomekeka kwimigangatho emibini yeeklasi ze-elitist iyaqhubeka nokusebenza, njengokuba kunye nokuhlanjululwa okufanayo kwidolophana. Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto iza phambili kukuqokelela iimvakalelo, iimvakalelo kunye nokuphikisana kuka-Anna ngokwakhe, umlinganiswa jikelele.
Isishwankathelo: Nangona ukubonakala kwayo kwamkelwa njengempendulo ngokuchasene nentshukumo yendalo yase-France, u-Tolstoy ulandela u-Anna Karenina ngeendlela zendalo kude kube kugqityiwe, angakuqwalaseli njengesiphelo kukodwa.
Ihlelwe njengenoveli yokugqibela yesimbo sokuqala sombhali, yeyokuqala apho kuthi kuvele iingxaki zokuziphatha eziqhubekayo kumbhali ngelo xesha. UAna Karenina, ibali elothusayo lokukrexeza kwicandelo loluntu oluphezulu lwaseRussia ngelo xesha.
It Tolstoy ubonakalisa umbono wakhe uluntu zasezidolophini, uphawu lwesono kunye nesono, ngokuchasene nobomi obunempilo bendalo kunye neendawo zasemaphandleni. U-Ana Karenina ulixhoba lelo hlabathi lisisidenge kunye nesiqhelo, esiye saba ngumntu ophambili kuncwadi lwehlabathi.
Imfazwe noxolo
Kukho imvisiswano enkulu yokuba lo ngumsebenzi wobugcisa kaTolstoy. Kodwa njengoko ubona, ndiyathanda ukuthatha okuchaseneyo ngamaxesha kwaye ndigqibe ukuyibeka kwindawo yesibini ... ngokungathandabuzekiyo kuyinyaniso ukuba le noveli ibonakalisa ngokupheleleyo, indalo epheleleyo ye-microcosm, ecacileyo kakhulu. abalinganiswa, egcwele zonke iimvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zomntu kunye namaxesha embali agqithileyo kakhulu, apho umntu ujongene enzonzobileni ukugqiba ukuwa okanye ukubhabha phezu ..., kodwa u-Anna Karenina unenqaku elikhethekileyo, umnyinyiva kwi-feminine kunye nengaphakathi layo. Indalo iphela, iqine ngokuphawulekayo njengayo nayiphi na enye imbali.
Isishwankathelo: Kule noveli ibalaseleyo, uTolstoy ubalisa ngokwenzeka kubomi babalinganiswa abaninzi bazo zonke iintlobo kunye neemeko kwiminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kwimbali yaseRussia, ukusukela kwiimfazwe zikaNapoleon ukuya kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba.
Ngokuchasene nale mvelaphi, iphulo lamaRashiya e-Prussia ngemfazwe edumileyo yase-Austerlitz, umkhankaso wemikhosi yase-France e-Russia kunye nemfazwe yase-Borodín kunye nokutshiswa kweMoscow, ukungqamana kweentsapho ezimbini zase-Russia, i-Bolkonska kunye ne-The Rostovs , Amalungu ayo afaka isibalo sika-Count Pedro Bezeschov njengesangqa sokudibanisa, macala onke apho imicu emininzi kunye nobunzima obuqala kwimicimbi yosapho inciphile.
Uhlobo lukaPeter lubonisa ubukho obuphilayo bukaTolstoy kule noveli ibalulekileyo. Ukuxuba imbali kunye nokucinga ngobugcisa obuphezulu, umbhali unikezela ngeengqungquthela zabalawuli ababini, uNapoleon noAlexander.
Kunzima ukuthelekisa ubunzulu nobungangamsha beli bali elenzeka kwiiholo zaseSt.
Cossacks
Ukuba kuyinyani ngokwenene kwaye le noveli inokuthi iqulathe inxalenye yengcamango kaTolstoy kunye nokuba, kuhlala kunomdla ukufumanisa umbhali kuloo alter ego. Ukuba, ukongeza, ibali linenqaku lokufunyanwa okuchulumancisayo, lohambo olusingise kulwazi lwehlabathi kunye nolomntu kwiindawo eziguqukayo, konke kungcono.
Isishwankathelo: Umxholo lowo ligorha elishiya umhlaba ophucukileyo ukujongana neengozi kunye nokuzicoca ngokuziphatha kohambo oluya kumazwe akude. Njengakwimisebenzi yakhe yokuqala, umlinganiswa ophambili, u-Olenin, yingqikelelo yobuntu bombhali wayo: umfana osele echithe inxalenye yelifa lakhe kwaye wamkela ikhondo lomkhosi ukuze abaleke ubomi bakhe obuhlazileyo eMoscow.
Amaphupha angacacanga olonwabo amqhuba. Kwaye oku kubonakala ngathi kuya kumhlangabeza, zombini ngenxa yempembelelo enzulu yokuzala edibana neCaucasus, eneendawo ezinkulu nezikhulu zendalo yayo kunye nobomi obulula babemi bayo, abathi, kude nayo yonke into eyenziweyo, benze umntu Inyaniso engapheliyo yenyani yendalo, ngokubhekisele kuthando alubizayo kwiCossack Mariana entle.
Isifundo sesiqingatha se-ethnographic, isiqingatha sokuziphatha, le noveli inezobugcisa obukhethekileyo kunye nokubaluleka kwimisebenzi kaTolstoy. Ubuhle obucacileyo beendawo ezibonakala ezingalibalekiyo zeCossacks - iYeroshka endala, iLúkashka kunye noMariana omhle nonqabileyo -, ukungena kwengqondo kwengqondo yendoda kunye nendlela ethe ngqo yokudlulisela ubomi Ngaba uyazibanga ukuba le noveli imfutshane yobutsha yinto yobugcisa.
Egqwesileyo. Ndingena kwelo hlabathi.