Iimeko zentlalo ziphawula, kwaye nangakumbi, ngumbhali ophetheyo yokwenza umthambo, ngandlela thile nangaphezulu okanye kancinci, njengombhali wamaxesha awayephila. UJohn steinbeck Ngokwemixholo wayengekho kuloo minyaka inzima yokuDodobala okuKhulu okwaqala ngayo iminyaka yoo-30 neyabetha kakhulu iUnited States, ilizwe lombhali.
Y Enkosi kuye, uninzi lweembali zembali zawo onke amanqanaba entlalontle zenziwa ngabantu, ngokwenyani eguqule lo mboniso wangohlobo olumnyama oluyinyani.
Kwaye phakathi kokuhla kwephupha laseMelika kunye nephupha lehlabathi ngokwandiswa, indawo yokuzalela iimfazwe zangomso, uJohn Steinbeck wayecacile ukuba into yakhe yayikukubalisela okwenzekayo kwezona ndawo zibalulekileyo. Kwamxabisa, kodwa ekugqibeleni usiba lwakhe lwenza indlela yakhe, de kwaba liBhaso likaNobel kwiNcwadi ngo-1962 laqinisekisa ukuba khange enze mpazamo ekukhetheni ubuchwephesha obunomdla, obubi kunye nobunomdla.
Iinoveli Ezinconywayo nguJohn Steinbeck
Iidiliya Zomsindo
Ishumi leminyaka lama-30 lashiywa ngasemva. Iminyaka yonxunguphalo kunye nonxunguphalo olwaphela lwakhokelela kwiMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi.
Ngaloo mihla, wonke umntu wayehamba efuna igolide yakhe. Uhambo kunye nokufika kwiindawo ezintsha kusebenze kuphela ekwandiseni ukudana kwaye kuqaqambise ukungabi nazingcambu kunye nokungabikho kokudityaniswa. Abantu transhumated imiphefumlo yabo ukuba baphele besitya kwintlupheko ngakumbi kunye nokungaqondi ngokupheleleyo.
Isishwankathelo: Ukwahlula ngeBhaso likaPulitzer ngo-1940, iidiliya zomsindo zadlala umdlalo wokufuduka kwamalungu osapho lakwaJoad, abathi banyanzelwa luthuli nembalela banyanzelwa ukuba bashiye imihlaba yabo, kunye namanye amawaka abantu base-Oklahoma. Kwaye iTexas yaya "kumhlaba othenjisiweyo" waseCalifornia emva kweziphumo ezibi zoKuDakumba Okukhulu kunye neDust Bowl.
Apho, nangona kunjalo, izinto ezilindelweyo kulo mkhosi wohluthwayo aziyi kuzalisekiswa. Phakathi kweenguqulelo zefilimu ezaziwa yile noveli, enye ekhunjulwayo eneenkwenkwezi uHenry Fonda kwaye ikhokelwe nguJohn Ford ibonakala.
Yeempuku namadoda
Ayifuni, uDon Quixote wazinika uninzi lwezindululo ezitsha zabalinganiswa bequixotic. Ubuntu obumda kwindawo eyoyikisayo kunye nokuthatha uhambo oluya naphina luyanda kwimbali yoncwadi okanye nakwimiboniso bhanyabhanya.
USteinbeck naye wajoyina lo mkhwa wokuxelela umhlaba ngoonobumba abahlukileyo abathi, ekuhambeni kwexesha, babonelele ngombono owahlukileyo ogqiba ukuvula iingqondo zethu kubo bonke.
Isishwankathelo: U-Lennie, okhubazeke ngengqondo njengobunzima njengoko emnandi, ujikeleza iindlela ecaleni kukaGeorge okhohlakeleyo nonobuchule. Ngamanani amabini ajikelezayo kwindawo yasemaphandleni yoxinzelelo olukhulu olwonakalise uMntla Melika, bahlala bekhangela nawuphi na umsebenzi oya kubavumela ukuba baphile.
UJohn Steinbeck, owafumana ibhaso likaNobel ngo-1962, wabonisa iinoveli zakhe uninzi lwabantu abangathathi ntweni ababezula-zula emaphandleni aseMelika ngexesha loxinzelelo, bekhangela nawuphi na umsebenzi owawuza kubavumela ukuba baphile.
Kule noveli, eyaziswa kwiscreen ngo-1992, uSteinbeck ubalisa ngobudlelwane obuphakathi kukaLennie noGeorge: uLennie, umntu obuthakathaka ngokwasengqondweni njengongenabuntu njengokuba esathambile; UGeorge, okrelekrele kubuchule obunobuqhophololo, ozama ukukhusela uLennie kuye, nangona ngamanye amaxesha ethembela kumandla akhe ukuphuma kwingxaki.
Ubuhlobo phakathi kwezi zinto zimbini zihlelelekileyo kunye nokujongana kwabo nehlabathi eliqhelekileyo neliphucukileyo labanamandla ziyimveliso yecala lomntu elisasebenza nanamhlanje njengoko kwakubhalwa le noveli, ngaphezulu kweminyaka engamashumi amathandathu eyadlulayo: ubumbano.
Kwihlathi lobusuku
Yintoni esizimisele ukuyishiya umntwana? Ngamanye amaxesha sifuna ukuba babe ngathi, kodwa phantse sihlala sisenza ngathi bangcono kunathi.
Imfundo yasekhaya neyantlukwano ekhula njengokuba ixesha lihamba ngokubeka ngamnye endaweni yakhe, abazali emva kwezigcawu kunye nabantwana bethatha iqonga, bephucula umdlalo esingenakuze siwubhale.
Isishwankathelo: UJoe Saul unokuba yiyo nabani na, i-acrobat, umfama okanye umkhweli wenqanawa, oqhutywa ngumnqweno onamandla wokudlulisela ilifa lakhe kunyana. Ngaba uyakwazi ukuyenza? Kwaye ukuqonda ukuba yeyiphi imigibe ekufuneka woyise apha endleleni?
Kulo msebenzi ubalaseleyo, obhalwe ngokulandela ifomula efanayo neyeeGundane kunye naMadoda kunye neNyanga isetiwe, uJohn Steinbeck ubonakalisa ngokungakhathali ngexabiso legazi, ilifa, ikratshi kunye nobuhlobo, kwiminqweno ephambili yomntu kunye nokuzola okuyimfuneko ukuze ukuqonde.
Njengoko umbhali ngokwakhe watshoyo kwintetho yakhe yokwamkela iNobel Prize yoNcwadi ngo-1962, "kufuneka siziphicothe ngokwethu uxanduva nobulumko eyathi imithandazo yethu yafuna ukunika uthixo othile."
