Xa a incwadi yamabali yenziwa nge Ibhaso lePulitzer lentsomi (kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba inikwe iinoveli), ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo kungenxa yokuba ngumqulu ongaqhelekanga othi kunyaka ohambelana nawo ugxothe inkitha yababhali abalangazelela ibhaso leenoveli zabo ezisebenza kakuhle.
Nantso into eyenzekayo UJhumpa Lahiri Ngonyaka ka-2000. Kwiminyaka engamashumi amathathu anesithathu ubudala, le ntombazana iselula, i-paradigm ye-multiculturalism, iqeqeshelwe uncwadi kwaye igcwele amava avela apha naphaya, yafumana enye yempumelelo enkulu kuncwadi lwaseMelika kunye nencwadi yakhe yamabali ekuqaleni ebizwa ngokuthi " Itoliki yeemvakalelo."
Ukusukela ngoko, uLahiri akazange azibhokoxe kuncwadi olubanzi kakhulu, kodwa uqhubeke epapasha iincwadi ezingeyonyani ezixhaswa ngokubanzi ngabagxeki kunye nabafundi abalangazelela elo nqaku phakathi kokungaqhelekanga kunye nokuhlakulelwa kombalisi ogxile kwimbono yakhe yehlabathi njenge. umphambukeli ongunaphakade. Ukusuka kwimvelaphi yakhe yaseIndiya ayigcinayo kwincwadi yakhe nganye kwihlabathi liphela...
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphambili ezicetyiswa nguJhumpa Lahiri
Itoliki yeentlungu
Umdla wokwazi ukuqondwa ngokugqithiseleyo kwale ncwadi yamabali waneliswa ngokukhawuleza. Ngoko nangoko ukhokelwa ngokungenakuthintelwa kumaphepha ayo ukusuka kumhlathi wokuqala. Kwaye olu hlelo lwamva nje sisimemo esingenakuthintelwa sokusondela kulombali wemfuduko owoyisa izigidi zabafundi e-United States kuqala nakwihlabathi liphela kamva.
Le ncwadi yenziwe ngamabali alithoba asebenza ngenjongo yokubalisa kakhulu, nangona kunjalo. Imvakalelo efanayo yokuncothulwa, ephuma kubo bonke abo bagxothiweyo ngokuthanda kwabo okanye ngokumiselwa kweemeko, inokuvela kwindawo yokuhlala wedwa, kwaye ngenxa yoko akuyomfuneko ukuba sihambe iikhilomitha ezininzi ukusuka kuloo ndawo eqondwa yinkumbulo yethu njengekhaya. .
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo malunga nencwadi ngumsinga womlingo ophela uguqula abo balinganiswa abavela kumazwe akude ukuya kumfundi ngokwakhe, nokuba imvelaphi yakhe. Ukujongwa komntu xa iimeko zimbi zidityaniswa nenjongo efanayo yokuphilisa ukoyiswa.
Kwaye nangona le ncwadi ingena kwiinkcukacha ezininzi malunga nokungafani phakathi kweenkcubeko ezithile kunye nabanye, ingcamango yelizwe langaphandle njengengcambu ye-semantic evela kwi-etymologically yangaphandle, iphetha ngokuthetha nomfundi ofumanisa ukuba, wasemzini kuye kwaye ufuna. ubuntu kwabanye.
Igama elilungileyo
Inoveli yokuqala kaJhumpa yayinocalucalulo, olocalucalulo malunga nokubalisa kwabaninzi kumbhali ekuphela kwencwadi yakhe yamabali eyaziwayo enamandla kangangokuba waphumelela iPulitzer.
Kodwa inyani yeyokuba kule noveli uJhumpa wamangala kwakhona ngengxoxo ebisele ibonakala ngathi ihleli phezu kwakhe yedwa, kwiinkcubeko ezininzi, ukudityaniswa ukusuka kwinkcubeko yaseBengali ukuya eMelika kodwa yolulela kuyo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yokungafani kwezentlalo.
Kunye nomba wobaliso lwesizukulwana oluye lwasebenza kwimbali ngokuqulunqwa kwamabali, sidibana nosapho lakwaGanguli, abanye abazali bahlonipha ngokupheleleyo imvelaphi yabo kunye nabanye abantwana uGogol noSonia abahlala kuloo mhlaba wamntu, eyona ifana neyokuqala. ighetto apho unokuthi uhlale uvaliwe ngokokhetho lwakho...
Umhlaba ongaqhelekanga
Enye yezona mpumelelo zinkulu zikaJhumpa kukusuka kwakhe kwinto ethile ukuya kwihlabathi jikelele. Uloyiso olothusayo lombalisi okhethekileyo ekuchazeni amabali abalinganiswa avela kwintelekelelo yakhe baphinda baphinda baqulunqwa kumnombo wakhe wamaHindu alunakuqondwa nangayiphi na enye indlela.
Impumelelo ekhohlakeleyo yale ncwadi kulo lonke elase-United States iminyaka emininzi isuka kuloo mvisiswano wemiphefumlo ethi, nangona beqamba amava abo kunye nehlabathi labo elixhomekeke kwiinkolelo zabo, ekugqibeleni akukho nto bayenzayo ngaphandle kokuchaza ingcamango yomntu. ngaphezu koko.
Kule ncwadi sifumana abalinganiswa abangabhalwanga, bahlulwe kwa kanye intetho yabo njengabaphambukeli. Kwaye umfundi uyakonwabela ukufumanisa ukuba i-multiculturalism asiyongxaki kodwa mhlawumbi sisisombululo sokuba neembono ezingaphezulu zokujongana nehlabathi elingenakusondezwa kwingcamango enye ngaphandle kokuphela kokungqubana nezona ntsilelo ziphazamisayo.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa nguJhumpa Lahiri
Incwadi kaNerina
Ukudibana nabalinganiswa, ngokuqinisekileyo, yeyona nto isondele kakhulu kwisenzo sokubhala. Ukuyityhila kukunika isandla umfundi ukuba ahambe nabo kuloo ndawo ingaqhelekanga apho abantu bafunwa khona kwaye kudalwe nezithuba. Kanye okwenzekayo kweli bali lesinyithi kunye nobomi.
Emazantsi edrowa yedesika endlwini yakhe eRoma, umbhali ufumana ezinye izinto ezilityelweyo ngabanini bazo bangaphambili: izitampu zeposi, isichazi-magama sesiGrike-isiTaliyane, amaqhosha, amakhadi eposi angazange athunyelwe, ifoto yabafazi abathathu ababemi phambi ifestile, kunye ne-fuchsia notebook enegama elithi "Nerina" elibhalwe ngesandla kwikhava.
Ngubani laa mfazi ungenafani? Njengembongi yamandulo okanye yamaxesha aphakathi, okanye igcisa leRenaissance elingaqondakaliyo, uNerina ubalekela imbali kunye nejografi. I-stateless, i-polyglot, ifundile, ubhala imibongo ngobomi bakhe phakathi kweRoma, iLondon, iCalcutta kunye neBoston, unxibelelwano lwakhe nolwandle, ubudlelwane bakhe nosapho lwakhe kunye namazwi, kunye nencwadana yakhe yemibongo ekhethekileyo kunye nemihla ngemihla uJhumpa Lahiri ubonisa isazisi. .
Phakathi kwakhe noNerina, ubukho bakhe bonke buphathiswe iindinyana kunye nezinye izinto ezimbalwa kakhulu, kukho ubudlelwane obufanayo obudibanisa iimbongi ezithile zanamhlanje kunye nababini bazo, abathi ngamanye amaxesha bazenze abanye ababhali, bahlomle kwimibongo ezenza ngathi abayibhalanga. okanye, rhoqo, babonakala bengabafundi abalula. Umbhali uba ngumfundi kwaye ade acele ungenelelo lomntu wesithathu ongaqondakaliyo: isifundiswa esimnceda ukuba alungelelanise loo bhola yestanza kunye nobomi obungebubo obakhe, kodwa leyo inokuba yeyethu kwaye, ngamanqaku akhe, eluka incwadi yesibini. ukuba, njengoNarcissus entsomini, akaziqapheli ngokwalo ukucinga.
iintsomi zaseRoma
Naliphi na ikhaya kwiiyantlukwano zalo ezininzi lenza eyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kulapho ke kwakheka khona ulwakhiwo lokuqala lwentlalontle kodwa nolwasemoyeni lwehlabathi lethu. Uhlobo lwe-limbo apho wonke umntu elinda umzuzu wakhe ukuba aphume apho kwakhona ukukhangela ukukhanya kwabo kozuko. Ukwazi aba balinganiswa kukubajonga ukusuka ngaphakathi apho yonke into yenziwa khona.
Intsapho inandipha iiholide zabo kwindlu yelizwe laseRoma ngelixa intombi yabalindi - isibini esinobuqhetseba bamandulo - sinyamekela umsebenzi wendlu kwaye sijonge ngobulumko; ukudibana kwakhona okuvuyisayo kwabahlobo ababini kubonisa, nangona kunjalo, iiyantlukwano ezingenakulungiseka; umbhali oqolileyo uba phithi ngomfazi adibana naye kuphela kumatheko omhlobo; intsapho exhatshazwa ngabamelwane inyanzeleka ukuba ilishiye ikhaya layo; isibini sifuna intuthuzelo eRoma ukuzama ukulibala intlekele yabo yobuqu.
Ngala "mabali abhalwe kwimeko yobabalo" (uRoberto Carnero, Avvenire), umbhali we I-Interpreter of Pain and Uncustomed Land ubuyela kuhlobo olwenze ihlabathi lakhe lidume. Ibali emva kwebali, uJhumpa Lahiri uyothusa kwaye usihambisa ngencwadi emnandi emalunga nothando, ukuncothula, ubulolo kunye nezingqi zendalo zesixeko esamkela wonke umntu ngokulinganayo.
