I-idealism eyona nto izinikele emntwini, apho i-Sartre ithathe inxaxheba, ihlala ijoliswe ngasekhohlo, ngokubhekiselele kwintlalontle, ekukhuseleni urhulumente. Ngokuyinxenye ekuphenduleni abemi kodwa naphezu kokugqithisa kwemarike ethi, ikhululwe kuwo onke amaqhina, isoloko iphelela ekuthinteleni ukufikelela kubutyebi. Ukuba imarike yayivunyelwe yonke into, iya kugqiba ukuzidla, oko kucacile kwindlela yangoku.
Ingongoma yeyokuba ubukomanisi ngokwembali njengesisombululo songenelelo sikaRhulumente abuzange bufumane uphuhliso olufanelekileyo olwalufunwa, ngokuchaseneyo noko. Sekunjalo, uSartre wayengomnye wabo bafunekayo. Ngenxa yokuba ubukho bakhe obaliswayo busekelwe ekwahlukaneni nokuzaliswa kumabhongo angalawulekiyo ehlabathi ahambela phambili kubungxowankulu obungalawulekiyo esihlala kuwo ngoku. Kwaye ke ukulangazelela i-utopia kwaba, kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo, sisisombululo kuphela.
Ukuba ngumbono oqinisekileyo ngolu hlobo kunye nobukho obukhoyo ngaphandle kwefilosofi kwamkhokelela UJean Paul Sartre (nabani na owayengumfazi wakhe USimone de Beauvior), kuncwadi oluphantse lube yimbali njengomsebenzi wokwazisa kunye nakwezinye iindidi zezindululo ezibalisayo ezifana nesincoko. Ngandlela-thile, ukubhala kubazamile ukuhlawulela ukuguga okuza nezigebenga ezinamandla, isibindi kunye namandla. Ubukhona bokufunda ngokungqongqo kunye nokuzibophelela kunye noqhanqalazo kuyo nayiphi na enye indawo yokubhala, phakathi kwentlalontle kunye nefilosofi.
Ukuba kunye nokungabi nanto mhlawumbi yayo sebenza ngethoni yefilosofi eqaqambileyo, enebali lentlalontle IYurophu yatshatyalaliswa emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. Incwadi ebalulekileyo yingqondi uSartre eyondla abantu abacingayo kodwa nababhali. Indlela yokuhambisa ihlabathi (okanye into eseleyo kulo), eyasebenza njengesifundo se-anthropological, kodwa eyaba ngumthombo webali elisondeleyo lamabali amaninzi alahlekileyo emfazweni (oko kukuthi, kubo bonke). yabo).
Iinoveli ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguJean-Paul Sartre
Isicaphucaphu
Ukuthabatha inoveli kwesi sihloko sele kulindele ukuba i-malaise i-somatized, i-visceral irruption of disenchantment. Ukubakho, ukubakho, siyintoni? Le ayisiyomibuzo iphoswe kwiinkwenkwezi kubusuku obucacileyo obucacileyo.
Umbuzo uya ngaphakathi, ngokubhekisele kwinto esinokuyijonga kwisibhakabhaka esimnyama somphefumlo. UAntoine Roquetin, umlinganiswa ophambili kule noveli akazi ukuba ugcina lo mbuzo ungathandekiyo, unyanzelekile ukuba uvakalise imibuzo yakhe enzima. UAntoine uyaqhubeka nobomi bakhe, imeko yakhe njengombhali kunye nomphandi. Isicaphucaphu nguloo mzuzu ubalulekileyo apho kuphakama umbuzo wokuba ingaba siyinto ethile na, ngaphaya kweenkqubo zethu kunye notyekelo.
Umbhali ka-Antoine emva koko uba nguAntoine sisithandi sobulumko esifuna impendulo kunye neemvakalelo zokuthintelwa kodwa ezingapheliyo, ukudakumba kunye nesidingo solonwabo.
Ukuhlanza kunokulawulwa ngaphambi kokuba isiyezi sokuphila, kodwa iziphumo zaso zihlala ... Leyo inoveli yakhe yokuqala, kodwa sele inamashumi amathathu eminyaka, kuyaqondakala ukuba ukukhula ngokwamaqondo, ifilosofi yayikhula, ukungonwabi kwintlalo kukwanda, ubukho babonakala intshabalalo. Umva othile nietzsche Oku kulandelayo kufundo.
Iindlela zeNkululeko trilogy
Ngokoluvo lwam, zimbalwa iiyunithi zomthamo wokubhala ezifunekayo omnye komnye kwimeko yale trilogy. Umhlaba woyika kukoyika ukutshatyalaliswa kwawo ngokupheleleyo.
Iibhombu zeatomki zazisele ziyilungisile indlela. Umnqweno wemfazwe wafihlwa yinto yokugqibela yokuphila kwendalo.
Kwabakho imfazwe yongqele. Yiyiphi inkululeko enokubakho ngoko? "Ithuba lokugqibela", "Ukuhlehliswa" kunye "nokufa emphefumlweni" banoxanduva lokubuyisela isiseko kumntu ophantsi koloyiko lweminyaka. Ngaloo minyaka, inkululeko yayivakala njengento ekhethekileyo, kuphela kwabo bathandwayo.
Ubukho bobukho kunye nolonwabo, ngokweengqikelelo ezichaseneyo nezifumana kulo msebenzi isithuba sokuhlangana (hayi ukuhlalisana) IYurophu, abemi bayo kufuneka baphinde bafunde ukuphila ngokukhululekileyo ukuze baphinde baphinde babone amakroti olonwabo.
Emva kweengcango ezivaliweyo
Yintoni enokubakho ngaphandle kokubona izimvo zamandulo zikaThixo noMtyholi. Isifundo uSartre asichukumisayo kwezinye iincwadi.
Ngokuphathelele lo mdlalo, silandela abalinganiswa abathathu abagwetyelwe esihogweni. Ngamanye amaxesha, uSartre ubona isihogo njengoMhlaba ngokwawo. Ihlabathi apho singenakwazi yonke inyaniso, egcwele izithunzi kunye nezithintelo zokuqiqa, libonakala njengelona libi kakhulu esihogweni. Isindululo, enkosi kwingxoxo yethiyetha ngokwayo, sikhanyisela kakhulu ezona ngcinga zinzima malunga nekamva lethu kunye nesiphelo sethu.
Ukonwaba kubukho bobukho obunokubakho, emva koko ungonwabanga ... ngumsebenzi ogqibeleleyo. Ukufunda indawo yokubonela kuhlala kuhlala kulungile, ngakumbi kwiimeko zababhali abaqhelekileyo njengoSartre. Kucetyiswa ukuba uqalise ngobuchule.
