Ukususela kwi-Albania encinci inani elikhulu kubhalo, intlalo kunye nefilosofi, ye UIsmail Kadaré. Ilizwe lalo mbhali, elagungqiswa ukutyhubela inkulungwane yama-XNUMX ngamahla-ndinyuka aseYurophu kwezentlalo, kwezobupolitika nakwezomkhosi, liye laphela likhokelela kwiLizwe elilawulwa ngedemokhrasi elithe ekugqibeleni abantu balo bathe saa phakathi kwemida yeLizwe ngokwalo nangaphaya kwayo. ukwenza uluntu olubanzi eKosovo, okanye ezinye iipokotho ezincinci kumazwe angabamelwane.
Ujongene nenguqu ekhethekileyo yembali yaseAlbania, U-Ismail Kadaré wamkela indima yomgxeki ofunekayo, welizwi eliphikisanayo elikwaziyo ukuchasa amandla. Intando yakhe yokuyila kunye neyobuntu ejolise kwinoveli iphelela ekuziqhelaniseni ngamaxesha amaninzi ekuzibopheleleni okuyimfuneko kwabo baye bafumana zonke iintlobo zokusetyenziswa kakubi kwamandla.
Inkulungwane yama-XNUMX yalatha kwiimeko ezininzi kwi-dystopian horizons enokuthi ithathelwe ingqalelo ngakumbi okanye engaphantsi eyenzeka namhlanje kwaye George Orwell iqatywe (ngaphambili iKadaré) nge-sociopolitical overtones ngo-1984. Ingongoma kukuba u-Ismail Kadaré wayekho kwaye ungomnye wabo banikezela i-counterpoint, yabo babhala ukubuyisela uvelwano kunye nombono obalulekileyo obonakaliswe ngokugqibeleleyo kwingxelo eyintsomi apho yenziwe khona. umlingo wokusondela kumlinganiswa ngaphandle kokucalula kwethu.
U-Ismail Kadaré uyazi ukuba ukuze asondele kwizinto ezingeyonyani, ezaziwa kuye, akukho nto ibhetele kunokumema umfundi ukuba athathe olunye ulusu, abone ngamehlo ahlukeneyo, adibanise ibali apho anokucinga khona ithisisi kunye nokuchasana ekugqibeleni fumanisa ibali le-synthesis elizalisekisa nayiphi na ingcamango evela kwintelekelelo enamandla, engaphenduliyo kwiinyaniso ezipheleleyo kunye nemiyalelo.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphambili ezicetyiswa ngu-Ismail Kadaré
Ibhotwe lamaphupha
Ukuhlonipha kwam okomfuziselo kuyaziwa. Awungekhe usilele ukulungisa le noveli njengoyena mbhali ubalaseleyo. Ukuba ngaphambi kokuba athethe ngomdla wombhali ekutyhileni i-trompe l'oeils yeenkqubo zezopolitiko ezigunyazisiweyo, ezivezwe kwintlalontle njengeenkqubo ezinqabileyo, le ncwadi ilingana ne-dystopias edumileyo yabanye ababhali abahluke kakhulu kuhlobo lwabo kodwa. ziyafana nenjongo yazo.
Ndibhekisa kuGeorge Orwell okhankanywe ngasentla, kodwa kwakhona IBradbury ngeFahrenheit 451 okanye a huxley kwiLizwe Elitsha Elinobukroti. Kuba ewe, zininzi iintsomi zenzululwazi yezopolitiko kule noveli apho ubukumkani bokufa bulawula amaphupha abemi.
UMark-Alem ungumdlali oyintloko wale dystopia apho uRhulumente uqokelela iingxelo ezibhaliweyo malunga namaphupha agcinwe imihla ngemihla.
Umzekeliso ophazamisa ngokwenene ophela usenza umfanekiso woluntu lwase-Albania ngokukodwa, kodwa olufana nayo nayiphi na enye inkqubo yolawulo lobuzwilakhe ngohlobo okanye into.
Injengele yomkhosi efileyo
Ukusuka kwiziganeko ezibambekayo kwimbali yakutshanje yaseAlbania, singena kwinoveli ecingisisiweyo. Le meko idibana naloo mfuneko yebali lomntu waseAlbania ofana nombhali, ozimisele ukubonisa eyona nto iphambili yelizwe lakhe.
Kodwa ukongeza ekufundeni ngeli lizwe likhethekileyo, ekugqibeleni lichaza ipanorama yomntu xa kuthelekiswa nayo nayiphi na enye imeko. Ukukhangela amagorha eMfazwe yesibini yeHlabathi, wasweleka kwaye washiywa kwenye indawo kwiiBalkan zaseAlbania.
Kwiyelenqe eliqhubeka ixesha elide, u-Ismail Kadaré udlulisela imbonakalo yobo buntu bunikwe intshabalalo kunye nokusinda.
Ngamanye amaxesha sifumanisa uburharha obumangalisayo kwaye kwabanye, kobo bugqi bomlingo buphelele, siye sonwabe okanye sikhuthazwe ziinyani.
Isizathu sokufumana uColonel Z sisebenzela ukugqiba ukuzoba inoveli yokuqala ehlawuliswa imfuneko, ngomnqweno wokunika ilizwi kumabali angaphakathi anomdla phakathi kwentlekele.]
Yaphukile ka-epreli
Ukulungelelaniswa kweminye imilinganiselo okanye imithetho efana neKanun kwiindawo ezinjengeentaba zaseAlbania zimelela uhambo oluyinyani oluya kusetyenziso lwamandulo kunye nezithethe ezimangalisayo.
Ukujongana nebali elibukhali njengale, elazisa umntu ofundayo kwihlabathi elitsha kwihlabathi lethu, u-Ismail wadibanisa amabali amabini abonelela ngeembono ezahlukeneyo malunga nokwenzeka kwebali.
UGjorg Berisha ufuna impindezelo yegazi lakhe elifanelekileyo. Ukhuselwe lelinye lamatyala esithethe esidala anokuthi abonakale engenakwenzeka kule mihla yethu, uhlobo lokukhumbula okuphakathi. Kwisebe lesibini sonwabele ukutolikwa okumangalisayo koko kwenzeka noGjorg Berisha.
Ngelixa wayehamba kuloo kona yehlabathi, umbhali uBesian Vorpsi ujongana nokuchaza izizathu, enxibelelanisa okwenzekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo ebonakala ngathi ithethelela ukuziphindezela kunye negazi elisekelwe kumaxabiso angcwele kwiKanun ...
