Iintsomi zezopolitiko, ekuqondeni kwam, zafikelela kwincopho yalo mntu ujongeke kakubi kodwa uzimisele. Umbhali ofihle emva kwegama elingelilo George Orwell ukusishiya imisebenzi ye-anthological enethamo ezinkulu zokugxekwa kwezopolitiko nezentlalo.
Kwaye ewe, njengoko usivayo, uGeorge Orwell ligama nje elingeyonyani lokusayina iinoveli. Umlingiswa ngokwakhe wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Eric Arthur Blair, inyaniso engasoloko ikhunjulwa phakathi kwezinto ezikhethekileyo zalo mbhali owayephila kwiminyaka enzima kakhulu yaseYurophu, isiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-20 ephuphuma igazi.
Nali ivolumu epheleleyo kunye neyona nto ibalaseleyo kaGeorge Orwell…
Ukusuka kwintsomi yesayensi ukuya kwintsomi, naluphi na uhlobo okanye isitayile esibalisayo sinokufaneleka ukuhambisa umbono obalulekileyo malunga nezopolitiko, amandla, imfazwe. Ibali lika-Orwell libonakala ngathi lolunye ulwandiso lwendawo yakhe yokuhlala ekuhlaleni. Umdala uGeorge okanye uEric, nantoni na ofuna ukuyibiza ngoku, iya kuba yintloko ehlala ihleli kuyo yonke injongo yezopolitiko ebime phakathi kwamashiya, kurhulumente wamanye amazwe welizwe labo kunye ne-impiriyalizim eyandayo ephelelwe lixesha kumagunya ezoqoqosho. yenkqubo yokuxinana kwezentlalo, kwaye ngaphandle kokulibala i-fascism ye-nascent yesiqingatha seYurophu.
Ke ukufunda u-Orwell akushiyi kukushiya ungakhathali. Ukugxeka okucacileyo okanye okungacacanga kumema ukucamngca kwindaleko yethu njengempucuko. Babelana ngeli wonga lokugxekwa kwezopolitiko kangangoko huxley njengaye IBradbury. Iintsika ezintathu ezisisiseko zokujonga umhlaba njenge-dystopia, intlekele yempucuko yethu.
Iinoveli ezicetyiswayo nguGeorge Orwell
1984
Ndithe ndakufunda le noveli, kule nkqubo yokubiliswa kwezimvo eziqhelekileyo kulutsha lwakuqala, ndothuswa bubuchule buka-Orwell bokudibanisa ukuveza kuthi oko kulungileyo kuluntu olubhangisiweyo (olulungele ukuthengwa kwempahla, imali eyinkunzi kunye neyona minqweno ingafanelekanga, ewe. ).
Isebe lokuqondisa iimvakalelo, izilogeni zokucacisa ingcinga..., Ulwimi lufikelela kwinqanaba eliphezulu lentetho yokuthetha ukuze kuzuzwe kuqala ukulahlwa kweengcamango, ukungabi nanto kunye nokuzaliswa okulandelayo kwincasa kunye nomdla wezopolitiko eziphezulu kwinkonzo yokufana. Ingcinga enye efunwayo iphunyeziwe nge-lobotomy ye-semantic.
Isishwankathelo: ILondon, ngo-1984: UWinston Smith uthatha isigqibo sokuvukela urhulumente wobuzwilakhe olawula intshukumo nganye yabemi bakhe aze ohlwaye kwanabo bakhubekisa ngengcinga. Ukwazi iziphumo ezibi ezinokuziswa kukungavisisani, uWinston ujoyine uMzalwana ongaqondakaliyo ngenkokeli u-O''Brien.
Ngokuthe ngcembe, nangona kunjalo, umlinganiswa wethu ophambili uyaqonda ukuba uMzalwana okanye u-O''Brien abayiyo le nto bayibonayo, kwaye imvukelo leyo, emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ayinakuba yinjongo engenakufikeleleka. Kuhlalutyo lwayo oluhle lwamandla kunye nobudlelwane kunye nokuxhomekeka koku okudala kubantu, i-1984 yenye yeenoveli eziphazamisayo nezinomdla kule nkulungwane.
Uvukelo efama
Ohhh, iihagu zobukomanisi, sisiphi isikweko esikrelekrele. yena yena. Ndixolele ilayisensi ehlekisayo. Ndiyithandile le ncwadi, kodwa andinakukwazi ukuzibamba kodwa ndinomfanekiso-ngqondweni kaGeorge wokunganeliseki kubukomanisi baseRashiya. Yena, njengabanye abaninzi, wayecinga ukuba i-postulates kaLenin iyinto efanelekileyo yoluntu. Kodwa umntu walahlekelwa yintetho kaLenin okanye uStalin wagqiba ukuyilahla phantsi kwindlu yangasese.
Kule ncwadi uGeorge Orwell, ndiyaqonda ukuba ngodano olubi ugqibela ngokuchaza ngendlela yentsomi ubuqhetseba bobukomanisi obenziweyo. Izimvo, zilungile, ziphunyeziwe kwaye zigqithisile. Ilayisensi kwizenzo, esekwe kwinto yokuba ezo zimvo "ezilungileyo". Yonke enye into inikwe ithenda kuba, nzulu ezantsi, isiphelo siyazicacisa iindlela ...
Isishwankathelo: Intsomi njengesixhobo sokwenza inoveli ehlekisayo malunga nobukomanisi. Izilwanyana zaseFama zinegunya elicacileyo elisekwe kwii-axioms ezingenakuphikiswa. Iihagu zezona zinoxanduva kakhulu kumasiko nezithethe zefama.
Isikweko esingasemva kwentsomi sanika okuninzi ekuthetheni ngaso ngokubonakaliswa kwenkqubo yezopolitiko eyahlukeneyo yexesha. Ukwenziwa lula kwento yokwenziwa kwezilwanyana kubhenca yonke imigibe yeenkqubo zopolitiko zobuzwilakhe. Ukuba ukufunda kwakho kujonge ukonwatyiswa kuphela, unokufunda phantsi kolo lwakhiwo luhle.
Imbeko eCatalonia
Kwaye ngelixa sikuyo, ndigqibezela olu luhlu ngembali yemfazwe yamakhaya yaseSpain. Mhlawumbi wabhala irhafu kunye noburharha obuthile baseBrithani, kuba oko u-Orwell ahlangabezana nakho ngaphambili njengomphathi we-brigadier kwaye ekugqibeleni watshintshela kule ncwadi kubuhlungu.
UbuKomanisi bajongana neMarxism kwaye ngaphandle kotshaba oluqhelekileyo lokukwazi ukulwa nesiqingatha. Ukungabi nangqiqo kwafikelela ngolo hlobo. Imfazwe yemfazwe yaseSpain njengentsholongwane ye-fascism kunye ne-totalitarianism eya kuza kamva ...
Isishwankathelo: Ukuncoma iCatalonia ngokungathandabuzekiyo yenye yezona ncwadi zibalulekileyo zenkulungwane yama-XNUMX, ezinconywayo ngababhali bayo yonke iminyaka kunye neemeko, ukusuka kuConnolly naseTrilling ukuya kuJavier Cercas, uAntony Beevor okanye uMario Vargas Llosa, owafika eBarcelona kumashumi amathandathu lo msebenzi uphantsi kwengalo yakhe.
Isicatshulwa esiphambili malunga nemfazwe eSpain, eyayisebenza njengelokhwe lokuziqhelanisa neMfazwe yesibini (II) yeHlabathi, kwaye ibandakanya amava obuqu kaGeorge Orwell. Umbhali wase-Bhritane wafika e-Barcelona eguqukele ngokupheleleyo ngo-Disemba 1936 kwaye kungaphelanga nonyaka kuye kwafuneka abaleke koomatshini abangenakoyiswa beSoviet ngenxa yokuba babeyinxalenye yamajoni e-POUM.
Ukunyaniseka kunye nesibindi u-Orwell abalisa ngaso akubonayo kwaye waphila kumenza abe ngumbhali wokuziphatha kakuhle. Umvuzo kwiCatalonia ngumbonakaliso onamandla womntu ngokuchasene nokuthintela okungagqibelelanga kukhokelela kukoyikisa.
