Ababhali be-10 ababalaseleyo baseMexico

Ngendlela efanayo ukuba ndiqhubeka ngayo amanye amazwe amaninziNdiza kugxila kwi ababhali ababalaseleyo eMexico ngokusisiseko ikhethwe phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-XNUMX nanamhlanje. Kwimeko yaseMexico kwakunzima ngakumbi ngenxa yokhetho oluninzi oluhle. Iimbekiselo ezinkulu zebali lehlabathi kunye neetalente ezintsha ezivela kunye neemvakalelo zokuzifumana siphambi komntu oya kuthi ngenye imini abe yiklasiki.

Ababhali abachubekileyo baseMexico bazo zonke iintlobo zeentlobo okanye iipeni ze-avant-garde ezihamba phakathi kwamanzi ahlukeneyo, behlola ukubaleka okunokwenzeka okuhlala kuluncedo ukucwangcisa uncwadi ukuya kumbono omtsha. Ngaphandle kwamathandabuzo ndiya kushiya umbhali waseMexico onokuba ngomnye wezintandokazi zakho. Kodwa sele uyazi ukuba akukho nto ibhaliweyo malunga neencasa. Apha ababhali be-10 baseMexico baya kuza ngaphambili abathi, kwimeko yam, bandimangalisa ngaphandle kokuba ngamanye amaxesha bazi ukuba sesiphi isipho okanye umshicileli ondithabathele kakhulu.

Kodwa olo lubabalo loncwadi njengakweminye imiba emininzi yokuyila. Umsebenzi ubamba ngamandla ingqalelo yethu kwaye singena kwindalo ethile yombhali wosuku ukuze sigqibele simkhomba njengenye yezo zinto zibalulekileyo zelizwe lanamhlanje.

Top 10 ababhali Mexican

UJuan Rulfo

Ngamanye amaxesha ukugqwesa, okuvakaliswa kwimimoya emine ngurhulumente, kuzaliseka. Abona baphengululi bahlonitshwayo boncwadi lweSpanish balatha kuJuan Rulfo njengenye yezinto ezibalulekileyo. Xa usondela kumsebenzi wakhe, ufumanisa isizathu kwaye akukho nto unokuyenza ngaphandle kokuvumelana naloo misinga isemthethweni.

Ukuthetha nesigama esikhoyo, kunye neli lizwe-uphawu lwentengiso, mhlawumbi akukho namnye oya kwenza okungaphezulu kunophawu lwaseMexico UJuan Rulfo. Umbhali we-Universal, yenye yezona zithandwa kakhulu kwindawo yoncwadi lwehlabathi. Emva kwakhe sifumana omnye umbhali waseMexico odumileyo nowaziwayo: UCarlos Fuentes, owathi, nangona wasinika iinoveli ezinkulu, akazange afikelele kolo kugqwesa luqhelekileyo lobungqondi.

Njengakwamanye amaxesha, ndiyathanda ukuveza uhlelo olukhulu olusondeza umfundi kuwo wonke umsebenzi wombhali. Kwimeko kaJuan Rulfo, akukho nto ingcono kunale bhokisi yokukhumbula ikhulu leminyaka:

Inkulungwane yama-XNUMX inababhali abambalwa abakhethekileyo. Phakathi kwelo qela likhethiweyo siyakuhlala sifumana lo mfoti ekwazi ukubonisa ubunyani phantsi koluhlu lwezihluzo ezisingise kwisakhiwo esingafaniyo njengoko sinomlingo. Umbhali wehlelo, kunye noPedro Páramo waqinisekisa abagxeki kunye nabafundi. Umlinganiswa ekuphakameni kweMacbeth Shakespeare, kunye nomphefumlo wayo obuhlungu, kunye naloo ndibaniselwano ebulalayo yamabhongo abantu, iminqweno, uthando kunye nonxunguphalo. Kodwa uJuan Rulfo unokuninzi ngakumbi. Lo msebenzi ubalaseleyo awupheleli nje ekuyidluleni yonke incwadi yoncwadi ethi, nangona ingeyondlwan’ iyanetha, ibalasele ngokubaluleka nobunzulu bayo.

I-Octavio Paz

Con I-Octavio Paz unxantathu ogqibeleleyo wenkulungwane yamashumi amabini uncwadi lwaseMexico luyavalwa, kuba ecaleni kwalo sifumana UJuan Rulfo sele sele UCarlos Fuentes (nangona lo wokugqibela ehleli etafileni yakhe kwi dessert kuphela). Kumatyeli amaninzi kuyenzeka ukuba uncwadi lufumaneke kuhlobo lwe synergy yesizukulwana. Ukusuka kwiziganeko zembali ezingenakuthelekiswa nanto kubomi be ingawenzi y Shakespeare, ICoetaneity ibe yinyani ephindaphindwe amaxesha amaninzi.

Kwaye ngelixa umzekelo wababini abaziingqondi base-Yuropu imele ingqungquthela yale synergy yoonobumba, unxantathu ungqinelana okwethutyana neendawo zawo eziphakathi kweRulfo, iPaz neFuentes nayo inento yayo. Kuba bobathathu babonisa iincopho ezifanayo zoncwadi ezivela eMexico kuseti lweeSpanishi kunye neeleta zehlabathi zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini. Kuyaziwa ukungavisisani kwezentlalo nezopolitiko phakathi kukaCarlos Fuentes no-Octavio Paz, kodwa ezi ziinkcukacha ezingagubungeli ubuchule bokuyila bobabini kunye nokucebisa kokugqibela koncwadi ngokungqongqo.

Kodwa egxile ku-Octavio Paz, oyena ubalaseleyo kwaba bathathu, kwakamsinya nje ukuba agqibe ukwamkelwa ngeNobel Prize yoNcwadi ngo-1990, ubuchule bakhe bokuyila babandakanya imibongo kunye neprose ngokufanayo, ukufumana indumiso kunye nokufumana abafundi bohlobo olunye. okanye enye.bulela ukulinganisela kwayo phakathi kwe-aesthetics kunye nemvelaphi.

Elena Poniatowski

Ukuphuma ePoland erhangqwe ngamaNazi akuzange kube mnandi kusapho lwasePoniatowska. Kwakungunyaka we-1942 kwaye u-Elena wayebala imithombo elishumi. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakungekho buhlungu kuye. Ngelo xesha, inyani isasasazekile, phakathi kweengcinga ezimnandi kunye nobuncinane bobuntwana.

Kodwa ukuqonda okulandelayo kunokuba nefuthe elingaphezulu kunokuba bekulindelwe. Okungakumbi kumntu onje Elena Poniatowski, utyhilwe njengombhali obalaseleyo, wahamba kwaye wazibophelela kwizizathu ezahlukeneyo malunga namalungelo oluntu.

Imvelaphi yakhe yobungangamsha ngamasebe omabini, ooyise noomama, ayizange ibe sisiseko kuye, nangona yayisisixhobo somzabalazo oqhubekayo wokukhusela ukulingana kuyo nayiphi na intsimi.

Inoveli, njengoko ingenakubonwa ngenye indlela kwizichasi zikaPoniatowska, iyaqondwa ngu-Elena njenge Isixhobo ekugxekeni nakwindlela, ekubonakaliseni ukubonwa kwabantu kwiindawo ezininzi, ukusuka ekufikeni kwendalo kothando ukuya kwiinjongo zentiyo, kwintando yokwazi isidingo sokulibala.

I-"Red Princess" ayizange iphoxe kuyo yonke into ayibhalayo. Kwaye kukuba u-Elena uye wazibhokoxa kumanqaku kunye nezincoko, kwiinoveli kunye namabali. Sihlala sifumana kwiincwadi zakhe ukuthanda ukuphila kunye nenjongo yokuthoba zonke iimvakalelo kunye neengcamango kwinto enhle, ekhokelela kwiingcamango zomntu ezisisiseko ezifana novelwano okanye ukomelela.

ULaura Esquivel

Ukuqala kungunobangela wokuphumelela. Ke kuya kufuneka uthathele ingqalelo ithuba kunye nokuyo yonke indawo. Ndiyitsho kuba ULaura Esquivel ifikelele esibhakabhakeni soncwadi ngenoveli yentsusa ephele ngexesha, kule meko ayifunanga ubiquity (isithuko ukuthetha ngoqhakamshelwano kunye noothixo babazali ...)

I-Como agua para chocolate yayingumsebenzi wokuqala owawufakwe kwingcinga eyaziwayo njengenoveli ekufuneka ifundwe. Kwaye ke yahamba kwisangqa soncwadi sesiqingatha sehlabathi, isaphula iirekhodi zeminyaka kunye neminyaka ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-90. Ubunyani bobuqhetseba obuxhaphakileyo inoveli buyakwazi ukuguqula nokuphakamisa ikhitshi iye kwindawo yovakalelo ... kodwa masenze njalo Thetha ngaye kamva, kwisikhundla sakhe esifanelekileyo kwinqanaba lam elithile.

Kokunye, uLaura Esquivel uzisa kwimisebenzi yakhe ubuqaqawuli obuzuzwe kwindalo, kunye nenxalenye yayo ebuhlungu kunye nokunyanzeliswa kwayo, iphupha elihle lenze amava kunye nokomelela njengokujongwa komntu okunokuqwalaselwa kukuqwalaselwa kokuhlala uphila yonke imihla entsha . Ezi mpawu zemvelo zifumana amanqaku abo kwisindululo ngasinye kwizindululo zalo mbhali, onikwe ezopolitiko zaseMexico iminyaka embalwa ngoku.

Guadeloupe Nettel

Guadeloupe Nettel Yeyona ibalaseleyo phakathi ababalisi bamabali baseMexico. Ukusuka kwinto engapheliyo Elena Poniatowski phezulu UJuan Villoro, I-Alvaro Enrigue o UJorge Volpi. Elowo uneedemon "zakhe" (iidemon kuba akukho nto ikhuthazayo ukuba ibhalwe ngaphandle kwenqaku lesilingo esikhohlakeleyo, incasa "engabhadlanga" yokungaqheleki apho wonke umbhali olungileyo egqogqa umhlaba kububi bayo).

INettel ngomnye umzekelo omnye kubungcali bokubhala njengobizo olupheleleyo, lokuchonga. Kungenxa yokuba zombini uqeqesho lwezifundo kunye nokuzinikezela kwingxelo kudlulile kunye nokufana okufanayo komntu onwabele intsimbi, eyilwe ngumoya wangaphakathi onamandla.

Yonke into ekwiNettel ifumana le ndlela ifanelekileyo ukuya esiphelweni kutheni. Ukuqeqesha kuncwadi, qala ngokubhala amabali kwaye ugqibe ukugqobhoza iinoveli okanye izincoko ngokuzanelisa komntu osele ezazi kwezobugcisa obuyimfuneko. Ke namhlanje singonwabela iincwadi zakhe kuphela.

UCarlos Fuentes

Umhambi ohleli kwindawo yakhe njengonyana wozakuzo, UCarlos Fuentes Ufumene isidima sokuhamba, isixhobo esimangalisayo sombhali ophumelelayo. Ukuhamba kunika ubutyebi obungenakuthelekiswa nanto beembono kwihlabathi, zokufunda ngokuchasene ne-ethnocentrism, yobulumko obudumileyo. Ubuntwana obunelungelo lombhali babusetyenziselwa ubuninzi bokugqibela bokuba nguye, ngaphezulu kwako konke, umbhali omkhulu, kunye nonozakuzaku owaziwayo njengoyise.

Njengombhali oqeqeshiweyo nanjengomntu onxibelelana nezinto ezahlukeneyo zomoya wakhe wokuhamba ongapheliyo, UFuentes waba ngumbhali wenoveli kwezentlalo, ngokukhangela phantse umntu kwindalo yakhe yendalo.

Ayisiyo yokuba iinoveli zakhe zizame zobukrelekrele kwinjongo yokufundisa, kodwa abalinganiswa kunye neendlela zakhe zihlala zibonisa injongo ecacileyo, ukukhangela iimpendulo kwimbali. Kuninzi ekusafuneka kufundwe kuyo yonke into eyadlulayo, kuzo zonke iinkqubo zembali, uguquko neemfazwe, iingxaki, uloyiso olukhulu kwezentlalo, intsalela yembali libali apho yayondliwa khona UCarlos Fuentes ukusibuza iinoveli zakhe.

Ngokusengqiqweni, njengomntu waseMexico, izinto ezingaqhelekanga zelizwe lakhe zikwabonakala kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi. I-idiosyncrasy yabantu abafana ne-Mexican izisa ubuqili obuninzi kwii-paradoksi zayo, zisindwa yinjongo yabantu abanesazisi esinamandla esahlukileyo ngaphandle kokungahambi kakuhle okuye kwagqitywa ukwakha (njengabo bonke abantu behlabathi, kwelinye. isandla).

UJosé Emilio Pacheco

Las Inkxalabo kaPacheco ebalisa Bavela besebancinci kakhulu, befumanisa ukuba umbhali uzimisele ukuba ngomnye ngaphambi kokufikelela kwiminyaka engamashumi amabini. Ngolo bizo lwakuqala, uJosé Emilio Pacheco wazicwilisa, enesiqiniseko sokwenyusa uphuhliso lomsebenzi wakhe, kuzo zonke iintlobo zokufundwa, ekhangela olo luvo lokuba umbhali ngamnye makaphele elungisa ekhangela indlela yakhe.

Ngaphandle kokusuka ezingcanjini zakhe apho walungisa indawo enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe, ngakumbi kwizincoko nakwimibongo, uPacheco waya kwicandelo lam endilithandayo lobali, amabali amaninzi kunye nezinye iinoveli ezinamacandelo okomfuziselo. amatyala okanye uburharha kwabanye.

Ukuqamba okungafaniyo okunokuthi ekugqibeleni kuphele kunxibelelana nenjongo eqinileyo yobuntu kulolo ncwadi luzibophelela ngokwalo nakwimbali yamaxesha abephila.

Kucacile ukuba eli khono lokutshintsha kwesini lenze ukuba kube nokuvavanywa kwimeko kaPacheco, efumanisa ukuba inqaku le-avant-garde lijikeleze umbono oqinisekileyo wokuthandana apho iimvakalelo zobuntwana ziyavakala njenge-echoes, benokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo isidingo sokubuyela ebuntwaneni, iparadesi apho ulingo lukwakha ubume kunye neembono kwihlabathi.

UJuan Jose Arreola

Emthunzini woyena mkhulu, abanye abasoloko besithekile. Abo basenokungenabo ubuchule obumangalisayo bokuyila kodwa benomnqweno wokuphucula, kunye namandla okufunda aphela afane nesipho ukuba ukuzinikela kukhulu.

Into enje kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo xa uzisa UJuan Jose Arreola malunga Ixesha langoku, umntu wasekhaya kunye no-namesake njengesigebenga njengaye UJuan Rulfo. Ke, xa ubomi banika u-Arreola iminyaka eli-15 ngaphezulu, wakwazi ukuba yindlalifa yelifa kunye nomlandeli womsebenzi, kunye nolo tshintsho kugxilwe kubukrelekrele obungasekho kuye ngokwendalo obonakala njengowandulela isinye.

Mhlawumbi ngumcimbi wolwimi ekwabelwana ngalo kodwa kumabali alo angenakubalwa kunye nakwimiqulu, isithethi saseSpain ngokuqinisekileyo siya kubambeka ngakumbi kwiingcinga, njengamaphupha ngamanye amaxesha, kunye neenkcazo ezityebileyo eziguqula inyani okanye ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pen yakhe yasimahla, kunokuba kunokuba yintoni indlela yokuncoma kakhulu Kafka Iintsomi zakhe ziyabanda kwaye zikhona.

UValeria luiselli

Intsomi evela kuqikelelo lweyona nto iyinyani yokwenene kunye nokungahloneli kombhali omncinci, uValeria uzibonakalisa njengesithethi esinamandla sesizukulwana esigxile kwikamva ukusuka kwiziseko zayo yonke into entsha enokushiywa yihlabathi, ephakamisa ilizwi lakhe ukuze aveze bonisa i-trompe ye-oeil yokuzibandakanya okungaguqukiyo efihliweyo njengenkqubela phambili eqaqambileyo. Uncwadi olubalulekileyo ngeyona ndlela ibanzi yegama.

Ngaloo ndlela, ingcamango yakhe iphelela kwincwadi yakhe «Umntwana olahlekileyo»Ingxaki yemida njengeendonga ezingeyonyani (iyanda ebonakalayo kwimeko apho umbhali unxulumene ngokusondeleyo phakathi kweMexico kunye ne-United States). Iindonga ezikwaziyo ukubeka amabala abo bakwicala elinye ngasemva kwe-disguise ye-aporophobia. Ngendlela efanayo yokuba bacingele eyomnye, abo bahlala kwindawo entle emhlabeni ngenxa yobukho, okanye mhlawumbi ngokungabikho ukuba sicinga gwenxa.

Umbuzo kukuthatha uhambo oluya kubuntu kwezo ziphelo zeentsuku zethu, ukopha kulusu lomntu kwaye ekugqibeleni uvelane nabanye, ngaphaya kweendaba ze-aseptic zikamabonakude.

Kodwa ukongeza uValeria Luiselli ukwasifaka kwezinye zeencwadi zakhe kolu ncwadi lwahlulahlulweyo oluhamba kakuhle phakathi kokwahlukaniswa okumangalisayo kunye nokwenyani ngokungathi yonke into ikwindawo efanayo ecwangcisiweyo ukusuka kumxholo wabalinganiswa.

Ubomi, uthando, usapho, ukufunda okanye ukufa zisoloko ziyimibono; Ukufumanisa ubuqaqawuli obugqithisileyo beepali ezibuhlungu zobukho bethu yinjongo ebalisayo yeValeria ethandekayo kwindlela yakhe yokubalisa amabali.

USergio Pitol

Kukho abo, njengaye USergio PitolBangababhali kobo bunye ubomi obudlulayo ngelixa ikamva lilandela. Ukuba besinobomi obuninzi, ngamnye uya kuba yinto eyahlukileyo kuhambo olutsha., kodwa ixesha liyiyo kwaye USergio Pitol wayenezinto ezaneleyo ngokungathi uyilinganisela kuphela kwinkalo yakhe njengombhali.

Sekunjalo okanye ngokuchanekileyo enkosi ngokutshintsha kwakhe, uPitol wabhala eminye yemisebenzi emihle yembali yaseMexico kunye ne-Trilogy yakhe yememori ephezulu kwimveliso yakhe yoncwadi. Into efana nomsebenzi obalulekileyo waloo nto Iqhayiya egxile kwi-heptology yakhe.

Kufuneka kwakhona kuqatshelwe kule nkcazo yombhali ukuba ubomi bakhe babungengomandlalo werozi. Yile ndlela eboniswa ngayo ukuba ubunzima xa bungabhubhisi buhambelana nomoya ongenakuguqulwa, umntu ophilayo, ngakumbi yena, umphefumlo ongaphumli kunye nolambileyo ...

Ke, ukubalisa ngokungqongqo siyayonwabela iPitol eluka eyethu kunye neyabanye kuloo meko apho umbhali engumlinganiswa oyintloko wokubonelela ngokucace, inkanuko kunye neempendulo ngendlela yakhe kuyo yonke imibuzo malunga nobukho.

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