Ukuthetha ngababhali besiNgesi abagqwesileyo, abona babhali besiNgesi babalaseleyo, abona babhali babalaseleyo baseScots kunye nabangcono kakhulu abavela eNyakatho Ireland kuya kubandakanya amangenelo ama-4 azimeleyo okuba, ukuba ne-United Kingdom ibandakanyeke, inokwenziwa lula kakhulu, ngaphaya kweengxabano ezinokwenzeka phakathi kwezizwe ezenza umbuso. .
Kuba ngaphezu kwayo nayiphi na enye okanye enye, iimbekiselo zenkcubeko ziphawuleka ngakumbi kwiziqithi ezikufutshane apho ukulingana kwanda kwaye ubudlelwane bentlalo kunye noluntu busondela ngakumbi. Ungakhankanyi, ngokuqinisekileyo, imbonakalo, imozulu kunye neminye imiba emininzi enefuthe kushicilelo loyilo lwawo nawuphi na umbhali.
Ukusuka eNgilani, eSkotlani, eWales okanye eNorthern Ireland, iintsiba ezinkulu kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo ziye zafika kwaye ziyaqhubeka ukuza kuthi. Ukudala kwinkungu yeNorth Seas. Inkuthazo evuse uhlobo lwamapolisa ngolo hlobo kodwa iphinda izibonakalise kwezinye iindawo ezininzi zeyelenqe...
I-10 ephezulu ecetyiswayo yababhali baseBritane
Agatha Christie
Kukho iingqondo ezizodwa ezinakho ukubuza amawaka kunye nesiza esinye kunye nemfihlelo yazo ehambelanayo ngaphandle kokudinwa okanye ukuguga. Ayinakuphikiswa ukwalatha kuyo Agatha Christie njengendlovukazi yohlobo lomcuphi, leyo eya kuthi kamva ingene kuyo Iinoveli zolwaphulo-mthetho, imincili kunye nabanye. Kuncinci okunokuthethwa ngalo mbhali ngaphandle kwengcebiso eqinileyo yokufunda kwakhe.
Yena yedwa, kwaye ngaphandle koncedo olukhulu lonke ulwazi oluhamba namhlanje kwinethiwekhi, lwakhiwe malunga 100 iinoveli ngee-enigmas ezininzi ezenziwe zafumaneka Abalinganiswa bendalo yonke njengoMiss Marple okanye uHercule Poirot ongenakulinganiswa. Iinoveli zamapolisa ezinotyekelo lwemfihlakalo kunye neentsomi. Amabali enziwa apha naphaya, ngenxa yolwazi lwakhe lweendawo ezininzi zehlabathi ngohambo lwakhe.
UArthur Conan Doyle
Ngamanye amaxesha umlinganiswa woncwadi udlula owakhe umbhali. Kwenzeka kwiimeko ezimbalwa, ezo apho ukucinga okuthandwayo kwamkela lo mlinganiswa njengesalathiso esisisiseko, nokuba ligorha okanye ligorha. Kwaye loo meko idume ngoku bonakala kwimeko ye UArthur Conan Doyle kunye noSherlock Holmes. Ndiqinisekile ukuba ugculelo loncwadi luyakuqonda ukulunga kukaHolmes ngaphandle kokukhumbula umdali wakhe. Ngumlingo woncwadi, ukungafi komsebenzi ...
Enye into ebalulekileyo ka-Arthur Conan Doyle yingcali yakhe yezonyango. Kwimeko yaseSpain, abanye ababhali abanjengoPio Baroja bafika kuncwadi njengoogqirha, ibali elibonisa ukudibana kweeleta nesayensi. Kodwa into enomdla ngokwenene kukuba umba wababhali bezonyango awunjalo, kuba EChekhov phezulu Michael Crichton, oogqirha abaninzi baye bagqiba ekubeni batsibele kuncwadi njengenye indlela yokugxila kwizinto ezinomdla kunye neenkxalabo. Apha ngezantsi unephekhi enomdla yohlelo lwakutsha nje...
Ukugxila kuConan Doyle, inyani yeyakhe USherlock Holmes ngugqirha osasaza inyani ekhangela isisombululo solwaphulo-mthetho, njengesiqalo se-CSI yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba. USherlock Holmes wabanjwa ngabafundi bexesha lakhe (kwaye ngokuyinxenye uyaqhubeka esenza njalo nanamhlanje) ngenxa yokudibana phakathi kwezithunzi zeesoteric kunye nezibane zokuqiqa, njengeyona nyaniso yedichotomy yehlabathi ekhulayo ukuya kwilixesha nakwinzululwazi kodwa igcina amakhonkco kunye ne-obscurantism yamaxesha angaphambili oluntu.
Kulolungelelwano phakathi kokulungileyo nokubi, kweso sithuba sokuhlalisana phakathi kwenyani kunye nefantasy, UArthur Conan Doyle wayeyazi indlela yokwenza umlinganiswa oza kuphila ngalo lonke ixesha, efikelela namhlanje njengomnye wabalinganiswa abakhe bakhunjulwa kwaye baveliswa kwakhona kwimbali yehlabathi. Elementary, Watson othandekayo ...
UJane Austen
Ukwazi uJane Austen ngokunzulu, akukho nto ilunge ngakumbi kunoluhlu olunomdla lweeleta zakhe. Ezinye iimpazamo ezihambelana nomzabalazo kunye nokuzimisela kwakhe, nangaphaya koncwadi lwakhe:
Kwaye sele sigxile kubomi nasemsebenzini UJane AustenAyisiyiyo eyokuphinda uphembelele imicimbi ethile egqibela ngokugcwalisa ubungqina. Kungenxa yokuba ukuba ngumfazi kunye nombhali kuyinto eqhelekileyo namhlanje, ukuya kuthi ga kwinqanaba lokuba kungabonakala kungafanelekanga ukucinga ngenye indlela. Kodwa emva phakathi kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesibhozo neyeshumi elinesithoba, ubuchule bebhinqa bokubhala iincwadi buya kuthathelwa ingqalelo kwimida okanye uhlobo oluthile lwebali elipinki elingabalulekanga. Ngaphandle kokucaca ukuba ngaphezulu nangakumbi kwabasetyhini babhala ...
Ityala likaJane Austen yayiyenye into eyaphula idama lokuziphatha kobudoda ebusweni bayo yonke into. Mhlawumbi bekungekho kangako kwiminyaka yakhe yobomi kwaye mhlawumbi kungengenxa yekhefu ngesiquphe kwifom kunye nomxholo, kodwa kwakusaziwa ngokukhawuleza kwangoko kunye nomgangatho wayo ongenakuphikwa owenziwe kwiimeko ezingalinganiyo.
Ukongeza, kufanele kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuba enkosi kwinkxaso yosapho, intuthuzelo ethile yezemali kunye nokwamkelwa okuthandwayo, uJane wakwazi ukubhala iintlobo ngeentlobo zamabali kunye neenoveli. Kwaye ke uJane wakwazi ukushiya umzekelo olungileyo wokungena kwakhe kwi- kwiokiso phantse umlingo, ubukho ngamanye amaxesha, uhlala egxeka kwaye egqitha kule njongo yokutyhila izinto ezibekiweyo, ezimiselweyo, eziyimfuneko kwinkqubo yemigaqo.
Kwaye ngaphandle koku, ngaphandle kwenjongo yokwazisa uJane, uqhubekile nomsebenzi wakhe ngaphandle kwesithintelo kwinkqubo yoosolusapho, ekusenokwenzeka ukuba yafumanisa umnqweno wokuvusa izazela. Imvelaphi yothando, ebekufanele ukuba yaqondwa njengenjongo yaloo mfazi ubhalileyo, iya kunciphisa iingqondi zelo xesha, ziqinisekile ukuba zifunda iinoveli zothando ...
Ken Follett
Ngaphaya kwenye Iintsika zetrilogy yoMhlaba eyamenza ukuba aziwe kwihlabathi jikelele, ngena kwi umsebenzi woncwadi kaKen Follett Kuthetha ukufumanisa umbhali ozibandakanya izinto ezininzi, okwazi ukuwela iintlobo nge-solvency efanayo. Ngalo lonke ixesha ubuchule obufanayo bokubamba umfundi ngeziza ezikhulu ezilukwe ngobuchule ngabalinganiswa bazo abaqaqambileyo. Konke oku unolwazi olukhulu ngesihloko asazisa ngaso.
UFollett ngokwakhe wayesele eyichazile kudliwanondlebe. Imizobo, iibhodi ezimnyama kunye nezalathiso ngaphambi kokuqala ukubhala nangexesha lokubhala. Ayikuko ukuba kubonakala ngathi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo, kodwa inyani yile UFollett unakho konke kucwangciswe kakuhle ukuze ungaphumeleli. Ngokuqinisekileyo ngekhe ubenazo iinoveli ezingagqitywanga ezifihlwe kwidrowa yakho. Uhlobo lwendlela yokwenza imisebenzi eyakhiwe ngokungenakusilela. Umona osempilweni kwinxalenye endichukumisayo njengombhali okhathazekileyo kangangokuba uyakwazi ukubambelela kwinto ehleleke kwangaxeshanye ukuba abalinganiswa bakhe babonakale bengokwemvelo, beyinyani, beyacaca phakathi kokuzivelela kwabo ngaphambili behlalutye ngokweenkcukacha. ..
George Orwell
Intsomi yezopolitiko, engqondweni yam, ifikelele incopho yayo ngolu hlobo lomlinganiswa ombi kodwa ozimiseleyo. Umbhali ozifihle ngakwigama elingum George Orwell ukusishiyela imisebenzi ye-anthological ngeedosi ezinkulu zokugxeka kwezopolitiko nakwezentlalo. Kwaye ewe, njengoko usiva, uGeorge Orwell liligama nje lokusayina iinoveli. Umlinganiswa ngokwakhe wayebizwa ngokuba ngu-Eric Arthur Blair, inyani engasoloko ikhunjulwa phakathi kwezinto ezithile zombhali owayephila kwiminyaka eneziphithiphithi eYurophu, kwisiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yamashumi amabini ezele ligazi.
Nali ivolumu epheleleyo kunye neyona nto ibalaseleyo kaGeorge Orwell…
Ukusuka kwinzululwazi yokwenyani ukuya kwiintsomi, naluphi na uhlobo okanye isitayile esibalisayo sinokulungela ukuhambisa umbono ophambili malunga nezopolitiko, amandla, imfazwe. Ibali lika-Orwell libonakala ngathi lolunye ulwandiso lwendawo yakhe yokuhlala ekuhlaleni. Umdala uGeorge okanye uEric, nantoni na ofuna ukuyibiza ngoku, iya kuba yintloko ehlala ihleli kuyo yonke injongo yezopolitiko ebime phakathi kwamashiya, kurhulumente wamanye amazwe welizwe labo kunye ne-impiriyalizim eyandayo ephelelwe lixesha kumagunya ezoqoqosho. yenkqubo yokuxinana kwezentlalo, kwaye ngaphandle kokulibala i-fascism ye-nascent yesiqingatha seYurophu.
Ke ukufunda u-Orwell akushiyi kukushiya ungakhathali. Ukugxeka okucacileyo okanye okungacacanga kumema ukucamngca kwindaleko yethu njengempucuko. Babelana ngeli wonga lokugxekwa kwezopolitiko kangangoko huxley njengaye IBradbury. Iintsika ezintathu ezisisiseko zokujonga umhlaba njenge-dystopia, intlekele yempucuko yethu.
UJRR Tolkien
Ukuqwalaselwa koncwadi njengomsebenzi wendalo kungena Tolkien phantse umlinganiswa kaThixo. UJRR Tolkien wagqiba ekubeni nguThixo woncwadi ngelixa ingcinga zakhe zazigqibezela ukwenzeka enye yeengcinga ezinamandla ngokubanzi kuncwadi lwehlabathi. Imalunga nokufikelela kwi-Olimpiki yefantasy kwindalo ebalisayo ejongene ne-epic evela kulwakhiwo lwehlabathi oluqala kwakhona kwimihla ngemihla. Abalinganiswa abahlukileyo kunye neenkcubeko ezintsha zitshitshisiwe ngokuchanekileyo ukuze zibenze bathembeke, babonakale kwaye ekugqibeleni babe nemfesane ekude kwabo kude neli hlabathi.
Njengoko benditshilo, indalo echazayo ekumnandi ukuyicinga kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye nengqokelela yokuzama ukuqokelela umbono omkhulu walo mbhali (neemephu zibandakanyiwe ngamanye amaxesha):
Bambalwa ababhali namhlanje abalandela ilifa likaMdali likaTolkien. Ababhali phakathi kwabo babalaseleyo UPatrick Rothfuss kunye namanye amazwe ayo ngokukhupha ireferensi enkulu kunye nenkosi yohlobo.
Kungenxa yokuba isidima esikhulu sikaTolkien yayisisiseko somfanekiso-ngqondweni wakhe omkhulu kunye nomyalelo wakhe obalaseleyo wolwimi. Ukufundisa ulwimi umbhali kuthetha ukufikelela kulwimi lwesinyithi, indawo engagungqiyo apho ukudityaniswa kwamagama kufikelela kuvisiswano olupheleleyo nengcinga kunye nentsingiselo.
Ngusosayensi odumileyo njengoTolkien, ozimisele ukuyila amazwe amatsha, onokuthi afikelele kuloo ndawo igcinelwe iingqondi ezikwaziyo ukuhambisa nokushukumisa abafundi baso nasiphi na isizukulwana kwilizwe elinendawo ehlala ihleli.
I-Virginia Woolf
Kukho ababhali ukufika kwabo ngokuzalisa okupheleleyo kugqiba ukuboyikisa, kubamfamekisa kukukhanya kokuqaqamba. Nangona kusenokwenzeka ukuba uncwadi alunampembelelo mbi emphefumlweni wombhali. Okuchasene noko, abo bafuna ubunzulu bomphefumlo baba ngababhali okanye amagcisa ukuze bayikhuphe yonke, nangayiphi na indleko.
I-Virginia Woolf ngomnye wababhali abajonge ezinzulwini zomphefumlo ... … Yonke loo nto mayibe sisizungu esenyanyekayo. Kude kube kukuphela kwayo okulusizi.
Kodwa nasekupheleni kwayo bekukho into ebumbongo, egxunyekwe emanzini oMlambo i-Ouse njengenyathi, ezivumela ukuba zihlaselwe lihlabathi elingaphantsi kwamanzi esingafanelekanga ukuba ...
Kwaye ebomini, eVirginia wabonisa amandla akhe amakhulu xa umoya wakhe waqhutywa yimimoya. Umbhali kunye nesincoko, umhleli kunye nomlweli wamalungelo abasetyhini, abazinikele kuthando kunye nokulinga ulwazi. Ihlala ihambelana kwaye ingumlandeli weli heterogeneous yangoku, esenza iyelenqe lokususa isimilo kunye nokuya kwingxelo phantse yovavanyo.
UCharles Dickens
IKarimesi yeKarimesi ngumsebenzi ophindaphindiweyo, ojikelezayo, ofunyenwe ngenxa yeKrisimesi nganye. Ayisiyonto yobugcisa, okanye ubuncinci bobugcisa bakhe ngokoluvo lwam, kodwa isimilo sayo njengebali leKrisimesi elinoloyiso lokuziphatha kwaye lisasebenza nanamhlanje njengophawu lwenjongo eguqukayo yeli xesha lithandekayo lonyaka.
Kodwa abafundi abalungileyo be UCharles Dickens Bayazi ukuba kuninzi okuninzi kwindalo yombhali. Kwaye kunjalo UDickens wayengenabo ubomi obulula, kwaye umzabalazo wokuphila kuluntu olunenkqubela phambili kwezamashishini kunye nokuzihlukanisa ngokufanayo kuqhutyekwe kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi. Ngotshintsho kwimizi-mveliso esele ikho ukuhlala (uDickens waphila phakathi kuka-1812 no-1870), kwakufuneka ukuba ubuntu buhambelane nenkqubo.
Ngoko ke, Ibali leKrisimesi mhlawumbi yayileloncwadi, Libali eliphantse labubuntwana kodwa linentsingiselo, lityhila malunga nexabiso lenzuzo kwimarike yoshishino olusakhulayo.
URobert Louis Stevenson
Inkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kunye nokuvuka kwayo okucacileyo kubuchwephesha kwezobuchwephesha, kwezenzululwazi nakwimizi-mveliso, yanika ithuba elingenakuthelekiswa nanto lokoyisa umhlaba osekhona kugcinwa izithuba ezithile ezinikezelwe kwi-obscurantism, kwi-esoteric...
Kwaye kuloo ndawo ye-chiaroscuro, Uncwadi lufumene indawo enomdla kubabalisi beendaba ezinkulu ezinje Jules Verne okanye ungumnikazi URobert Louis Stevenson. Phakathi komnye nomnye babethathe awona manqanaba aphezulu okubaliswa kwihlabathi lokufunda elinomdla wokuzonwabisa apho umntu wanamhlanje ejongene nokungaziwa. Izinto ezinkulu ezenziwe nguVerne kunye noososayensi ekucingelwa ukuba zidityanisiwe kunye neelogs ezintle zikaStevenson, isiseko esiliqili sokusondela kweli xesha ngokombono woluntu oluhlala luhamba noncwadi.
Ngenxa yeemeko zakhe zempilo, uStevenson wagqiba ekubeni abe luhlobo oluhambahambayo oluye lwazinika umsebenzi wokubhala uncwadi lokuhamba, kunye nolo longezo lweentsomi olwaphelela ekumnyuseni aye phezulu ngokoluhlobo lwe-adventure.
Kwiminyaka yakhe engama-44 yobomi, uStevenson wabhala iincwadi kunye nenqwaba yeencwadi, uninzi lwazo lusasinda nanamhlanje ekuchazeni ngokutsha isikrini esikhulu, kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga okanye kuthotho lweTV.
Ian McEwan
Omnye wababhali besiNgesi abaziwayo namhlanje ngu-Ian McEwan. Imveliso yakhe yenoveli (ukwagqamile njengombhali wesikrini okanye umbhali wemidlalo yeqonga) isinika imbono epholileyo yomphefumlo, kunye nokuchasana kwayo kunye nezigaba zayo eziguquguqukayo. Amabali malunga nobuntwana okanye uthando, kodwa kumaxesha amaninzi anenqaku lokugqwesa eliphela libambisa umfundi kwi-eccentricity yabo, ekuboniseni kwabo okungaqhelekanga, ekuqinisekiseni kwabo okungaqhelekanga njengenxalenye yento esingaphaya kwembonakalo kunye neendibano.
Okoko u-Ian McEwan wapapasha incwadi yakhe yokuqala yamabali amafutshane emva kowe-1975, incasa yoncwadi olungelulo oluhamba kunye naye ngalo lonke ixesha, ekugqibeleni wenza ithala leencwadi esele lineencwadi ezingamashumi amabini.
Ukongeza, ukwanomdla kwizindululo zabantwana, kunye nenqaku lokufunda elithandekayo ukusukela ebusheni okanye ebusheni, okanye ukufumana amanqaku amatsha ebudaleni, uhlala ehambisa umkhondo onomdla wobuntu.