Iincwadi ezi-3 ezilungileyo ngu-Elvira Roca Barea

Inguquko kwimpumelelo ye Elvira Rock njengombhali yenzeka ngo-2016 ngomsebenzi wakhe "Imperiophobia kunye nentsomi emnyama: iRoma, iRussia, iUnited States kunye noBukhosi baseSpain". Kodwa ukufika apho, kunye nolo clairvoyance oluphuhliswe kwiprozi yakhe ecacileyo nelula, mninzi umsebenzi wophando wangaphambili.

Ezinye iincwadi ezininzi kunye noqeqesho oluyimfuneko ukuze uqiniseke yinyaniso. Inyaniso ehlala ityunyuzwa namhlanje njengoko, ke ngoko, ilungile ukuba ihlangulwe.

I-Philology inobulumko obuninzi obuyimfuneko. Ukutyhila ukuvela kolwimi kukwazi ezo nyaniso zingafikelelekiyo, ezingcwatywa ngokulula ngabo bathembela ekunyanzeliseni iimeko ezahluke kakhulu kwinto eyenzekayo.

Ndikhumbula enye ingcali yefilosofi yangoku ebalaseleyo kwicandelo loncwadi, a UIrene Vallejo ukuba, kugxininise kwezinye iindawo zolwazi, kukwasikhonza ngesitya ezo nyaniso ngehlabathi lethu, songeza uchuku lweengoma zakudala zehlabathi lamandulo.

Ukubuyela kwinto ebesiyiyo, inqaku lelokuba ngempumelelo yakhe engazange ibonwe ngaphambili assayo, U-Elvira waqhubeka nokukhulula iincwadi ezintsha kunye noqikelelo olukhulu lokusasazwa emva kokuba zifunyenwe ngenxa yesizathu esidumileyo njengombhali omkhulu, umenzi waloo mmangaliso omncinci oyindlela yomntu wonke kwinyaniso.

Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo nguMaría Elvira Roca Barea

Imperiophobia kunye nentsomi emnyama: iRoma, iRussia, iUnited States kunye noBukhosi baseSpain

Ezona nyaniso zingathandekiyo zezo ziwisa izakhiwo ezinomdla. Le ncwadi iyinyaniso eyothusayo, ebonakala ngenxa yobukho bayo kangangokuba ibenza babe neentloni nemigudu emininzi enzima yokusibekela inyaniso.

Asikuko ukuba uloyiso kunye nesiphumo sobukhosi baseSpeyin yaba luhambo olude lwamajoni aseSpeyin esasaza iintyatyambo. Akunjalo nakanye. Kodwa akuyonyaniso ukuba ukufika kweSpeyin eMelika kwaba sisiganeko esibuhlungu. Kukho amaxwebhu amaninzi abo bafuna ukwazi inyaniso. Ubungqina njengoko ndithetha okufanayo, ukungahambi kakuhle kwakuphelele eMelika kunye nokuhanjiswa kwenkcubeko kunye nomdla wokuyigcina yayihlala ibonakala kude kube namhlanje.

Ukucamagushela izono kukufuna ukusola okanye ukuzisola kwabanye. Abaninzi ngabo bazama ukufumana i-scapegoat kubukhosi baseSpeyin. Kwaye kwenzeka okwahlukileyo, abona banqobi, irhamncwa kunye nabanqobi abangacingeliyo okanye abahloli bamazwe yayingamanye amazwe afundiswe ngakumbi ngookumkani bawo ngobusela kunye nokunyanzeliswa.

UMaría Elvira Roca Barea ujongana ngokungqongqo kulo mqulu umbuzo wokucanda imida yeembono zobukumkani, intsomi emnyama kunye ne-imperiophobia. Ngale ndlela sinokuqonda ukuba zeziphi izikumkani kunye namabali amnyama adityaniswe ngokungenakuthintelwa kuwo afanayo, indlela avela ngayo adalwe ziinkcuba-buchopho ezinxulunyaniswa namagunya asekuhlaleni kunye nendlela izikumkani ezizicingela ngayo.

Ikratshi, uburhalarhume, umona aziyonto ingaqhelekanga kumandla obukhosi. Umbhali ujongana ne-imperiophobia kwiimeko zaseRoma, eUnited States naseRussia ukuhlalutya uBukhosi baseSpain ngobunzulu kunye nombono ongcono. Umfundi uya kufumanisa indlela i-akhawunti yangoku yembali yaseSpain neYurophu isekelwe kwiingcamango ezisekelwe ngakumbi kwiimvakalelo ezizalwe yipropaganda kuneziganeko zangempela.

Ukubonakaliswa kokuqala kwe-Hispanophobia e-Italiya kwavela kuqhagamshelwe kuphuhliso lobuntu, okwanika intsomi emnyama ukuqaqamba kobukrelekrele esayonwabelayo. Kamva, i-Hispanophobia yaba ngumbindi we-axis yobuzwe bamaLuthere kunye nolunye utyekelo lwe-centrifugal olwabonakala eNetherlands naseNgilani.

I-Roca Barea iphanda izizathu zokuzingisa kwe-Hispanophobia, ethi, njengoko ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokuqaphela kunye nokusetyenziswa ngabom kwingxaki yamatyala kuye kwafakazela, iyaqhubeka isenza inzuzo kwilizwe elingaphezulu kwelinye. Yindawo eqhelekileyo ngabo bonke bacingelwa ukuba ulwazi lwembali yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuqonda okwangoku kunye nokuqwalasela ikamva.

Ukusilela

Kwaye andicingi ukuba kufuneka uzibethe. Ukungaphumeleli kunokuba kuphononongo lwesiphelo esibi kulo naliphi na uluntu. Kuphela kukuba ezinye iindawo zoluntu zizenza ngokutsha ngaphezu kwabanye, abanye abantu baqhayisa ngaphezu kwabanye ngokusilela kwabanye. Okubi kakhulu xa i-Herculean yokuziphatha i-lasher emsebenzini, ibandakanyeka nakwi-masochism engenamsebenzi.

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yabona bantu babalaseleyo ngokwengqondo nakwezopolitiko bacinga ukuba iSpain ayinayo kuphela imbali eyintlekele enokuba neentloni ngayo, kodwa ingundoqo.
(yemveli) ekumgangatho ophantsi kunowamanye amazwe angabamelwane.

Ukuba Imperiophobia kunye nentsomi emnyama UMaría Elvira Roca Barea uchaze ukuba loluphi uhlobo lweziganeko zembali yayiyintsomi emnyama kwaye njani kwaye kutheni yavela, eyona njongo iphambili yeFracasología kukuveza izizathu zokuba kutheni izihloko ze-Hispanophobia zicingelwa kwilizwe lethu kwaye zadityaniswa ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukusukela ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, iikhonsepthi ezinje ngokuwohloka, ukungaphumeleli, ukungaqhelekanga, ukwahluka kuye kwanxulunyaniswa nombono waseSpain, kunye nobudlelwane obungqubanayo phakathi kweqela elilungileyo leqela laseSpain kunye nelizwe labo liqala, eliphela kwiimfazwe zeNapoleon. kwaye isahleli. Ezi ngcamango ze-Hispanophobic nazo zisasazeke kulo lonke elaseLatin America kwaye ziya kuba ninzi yokwenza kunye nobuthathaka bamazwe avela ekubhangisweni koBukhosi baseSpain, kunye nekhonkco lenzondo eliye lavelisa kwaye livelise.

Akukho nto inokuyenza i-liberal patriotism yenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba ukugxotha iingcamango ezimbi malunga neSpeyin, kwaye isizukulwana se-98 sagxininisa imvakalelo yokungaphumeleli kwaye yakhokelela kwi-paroxysm.

Iiklasi ezilawulayo zaseSpain ngokubanzi azinaluxanduva oluncinci malunga neSpain kunye nokungazithembi okutshabalalisayo. Utyekelo lwe-centrifugal olukhoyo kweli lizwe londliwa ngolu hlobo lungathandekiyo, olwenza buthathaka uRhulumente kwaye luvelise i-loop ye-systoles kunye ne-diastoles evuswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Amabali ama-6 angumzekelo 6

Nkqu nentsomi inokuchukumisa okungaphaya ku-Elvira. Kokubini ekukhetheni abalinganiswa bayo kunye namaxesha phakathi kwe-anecdotal kunye nokuyimfuneko ekuqondeni ukuzalwa kwengcamango, yokwesaba okutsha ukufakela okanye intsholongwane yengcinga yokutofa nakwilwimi. 6 amabali 6, kwaye ngaphandle kwenkcitho.

Ngokufika kweyantlukwano yamaLuthere, ilizwe leMeditera-Catholic lingaqondanga liyithathela ingqalelo intetho yolongamo lokuziphatha olubekwe ngamaProtestanti angasentla. Ngale ndlela amagama anjengelithi "inkululeko", "ukunyamezelana", "isayensi" kunye "noHlaziyo" ahlala kwelinye icala kwaye kwelinye, njengomfanekiso wesipili esibi "ingcinezelo", "ukunganyamezeli", "inzondelelo yempambano" kwaye, ukuya kuThixo. , "Uhlaziyo oluchaseneyo." Kwasekuqalekeni elona dabi libalulekileyo, elo lolwimi, lalahleka, kwaye phakathi kwezixhobo zalo yayiyipropaganda, into entsha ebalulekileyo yokuqonda impucuko yaseNtshona kwisiqingatha senkulungwane yokugqibela.

Amabali amathandathu ahlanganiswe apha anemvelaphi yawo kwihlabathi lamaProtestanti ngamaxesha kunye neendawo ezahlukeneyo eYurophu. Umbhali ukhethe imizuzu emithandathu kumakhulu amathuba asebenza njenge-counterpoint kulo mbono we-monolithic obekwe ukususela kwi-schism kunye nalapho ihlabathi leMeditera lichazwe - kude kube namhlanje - njengeDemon of the South. Kuzo siza kubona abalinganiswa namagama angaziwayo afana noLuther, uAna de Sajonia, uCalvin, uFelipe Guillermo de Orange-Nassau, izibulo likaGuillermo de Orange, okanye uWilliam Shakespeare ngokwakhe.

Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswa ngu-Elvira Roca Barea

Amagqwirha nombusi

Ngelo xesha ndabhala i-akhawunti ebanzi ye-Logroño Auto de Fe ye-1610. Ndayibiza ngokuba «Imiphefumlo yomlilo«. Kwaye umntu ngokuthobeka uhlala ezama ukuzisa umbono owahlukileyo kwimbali. Kungenxa yokuba yiloo nto i-historical fiction imalunga nayo. Kule meko, u-Elvira Roca Barea naye uthetha ngaloo mihla ngaphambi kokutshiswa ngokubanzi kwikomkhulu laseLa Rioja. Kwaye ngokucacileyo nge-master's degree degree kwiminyaka ekhanyayo ukusuka kwibali lam. Inqaku lelokuba ndithe ndazijula ​​ngelo xesha kwabanye babalinganiswa bezo ntsuku, ukufika kweli bali kuphelela ekubeni kukudibana kwakhona okunika umdla.

Ngo-1609 abantu abaninzi batyholwa ngobugqwirha kwilali yaseNavarrese eZugarramurdi. Into ebonakala ngathi yinto enye, isiqendu esingabalulekanga kukufumana ubugwenxa obungaqhelekanga. Phantsi kwezi meko, iNkundla Ephakamileyo Yamakholwa uBernardo de Sandoval yathumela uAlonso de Salazar y Frías eLogroño, ikomkhulu leOfisi Engcwele.

Akunjalo nje ubugqwirha, iliso elibi, iinqwelomoya zasebusuku okanye ukusebenzisana kwenyama noLucifer: kukho abo bavuma ukubulala okumanyumnyezi kunye nokusetyenziswa ngokucwangcisiweyo kwabantwana njenge-acolytes yeBig Bastard. Kodwa kutheni lo bhubhani ngoku kunye nendyikityha yawo kwilali ekufutshane nomda waseFransi? Ngaba ubugqwirha sisipili esibonisa iingxabano nezinto ezahlukeneyo esinomdla kuzo, uninzi lwazo olungenanto yakwenza nomtyholi?

Kwi-Las brujas y el inquisidor, u-Elvira Roca utyhila umntu wembali ka-Alonso de Salazar, njengoko ekhohliwe njengoko kufanelekile, kwaye usikhokelela kuhambo olunomdla ngokusebenzisa i-ins kunye nokuphuma kobugqwirha ngenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, xa iimfazwe zonqulo, iingxabano zezopolitiko. nezinye iimeko zaxhokonxa ukuzingelwa kwamagqwirha eYurophu. Kwimeko yeZugarramurdi, ukongeza, asimele silibale ukukhuphisana phakathi kweFransi neSpeyin ukulawula iNavarra. Umcebisi uAlonso de Salazar uya kujongana nayo yonke le nto ngezona zixhobo zinamandla abantu: isizathu.