Uncwadi luzele ngababhali ababalaseleyo abahleli kumgca wesibini kumfundi oqhelekileyo. Ndibhekisa kulo mfundi usemgangathweni ukuba sonke, sigcwele abathengisi abagqwesileyo, iibhayografi ezingachazekiyo zeentsomi ezingenamsebenzi okanye, ngokuchaseneyo, iincwadi ezintsonkothileyo ezingahlali zonwatyiswa ngaphandle kokusnuza phakathi (ekuthi Joyce y Kafka ndixolele).
Kuyinyani ukuba ekugqibeleni yonke into ngumcimbi wokungcamla. Kodwa kukhetho lokugqibela kukho amathuba amaninzi anikezelwe kwenye okanye kwenye. Kwaye apho izakhono zentengiso nganye ziphela zisebenzisa izixhobo eziyimfuneko.
Ayisiwo umbuzo wokushukumisa iziseko zoncwadi. Kodwa kufanelekile ukukuqonda oko, oko njengobungqondi obuninzi obufikayo njengoko abanye abaninzi behlala kwi-obscurantism ethandwayo. Ngapha koko, kusoloko kunomdla wokufumanisa ukuba emva kokuba efile lo mbhali unomdla. Kwenzekani? Ngaba wayengenguye nombhali olungileyo ngaphambili?
Kodwa ukubuyela ku UWilliam H. Gass . Susan Sontag o Ukhuthazo Wallace, kodwa uthulile uThixo uyasazi isizathu soko.
Kwaye umsebenzi wakhe uzaliswe ngamanoveli amakhulu kunye namabali, mhlawumbi asekuhlaleni kakhulu, agxininise kwezinye idiosyncrasies kakhulu ukusuka apho, ukusuka e-USA enzulu, kodwa ekugqibeleni ephuphuma luluntu kunye nobukho obuhle obuchazwe ngababali bamabali abakhulu. Ubungqindilili obucacileyo nobukhoyo. Njengengoma ngamanye amaxesha i-melancholic ethetha ngokweenkcukacha, kodwa ngaphandle kokungacaci, into esinayo sonke ngaphakathi kwezinye iincwadi ezibhalwa ngumntu ngamnye.
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguWiliam H. Gass
Ithamsanqa lika-Omensetter
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, idolophu yaseGilean, kwiphondo laseOhio, yafumana usapho lwabasemzini, i-Omensetters. Ukususela kumzuzu wokuqala, abemi bayo bayayithanda imagneti yentloko yosapho, u-Brackett, kunye nethamsanqa elihlala libonakala lihamba naye. Nangona kunjalo, ukufika kwakhe akwamkelwa kakuhle ngumntu wonke. Umfundisi uJethro Furber, kwinkqubo yokonakaliswa kwengqondo kunye nokomoya, ubeka intiyo yakhe kuBrackett Omensetter.
Ingxabano phakathi kwaba babini inwenwela kuyo yonke idolophu, ukuyimisa, ikhula ngokusekelwe kwezo ntiyo zezinyanya ezihamba ngaphezu kothando, ngakumbi xa uthando lushiya indawo iminyaka, phantse kuzo zonke iimeko ...
Iifoci ezahlukeneyo ezitenxileyo phakathi kwabalinganiswa abaphambili kunye nabalinganiswa abahambelanayo badlala ngokuthanda ukubhideka okucwangcisiweyo okubhekiselele kufundo olunqanda kwi-schizophrenic phakathi kwezimvo kunye nenyaniso. Kuba ekugqibeleni akukho nyaniso kwaye yonke into ikhona ngokwento ethethiweyo okanye into ekukholelwa ukuba ithethiwe. Umsebenzi wokufunda onika umdla kakhulu, ontsokothileyo kodwa uhlala utyebisa. Umbhali ngokwakhe okanye ilizwi elisingenisa kwiploti lithatha inxaxheba kwaye liyasimema ukuba sithathe inxaxheba kubomi obungakhululekanga obuhamba ngokonakala kwindawo engaqhelekanga njengoko ikufutshane.
Kwintliziyo yentliziyo yelizwe
Emva kokupapashwa kwayo ngo-1968, Kwintliziyo Yentliziyo yelizwe yaba yinto eqhelekileyo yoncwadi lwaseMelika kwaye igcine i-aura ethile yencwadi yehlelo, iseti yamabali ngelo xesha indlalifa kwiprozi likaFaulkner noGertrude Stein's modernism, kwaye ivuselela ingxelo yelizwe lakhe kunye nomsebenzi wababhali abanjengoDonald Barthelme, uWilliam Gaddis, uJohn Barth noRobert Coover.
Iinoveli ezimbini ezimfutshane kunye namabali amathathu amafutshane awenza kwiNtliziyo yeLizwe abekwe eMbindi-ntshona kwaye anike umfanekiso onamandla, wentsomi weyona ndawo inzulu, eyona Melika yokwenene. Bathetha ngogonyamelo, ubulolo, ulwalamano olukhethekileyo nendalo, yaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, ubuthathaka bomntu nonxulumano alumiselayo nendawo ahlala kuyo.
UGass uphonononga kwaye andisa imida yebali, adlale ngamagama aze awajijise ukufikelela kubungakanani okwangoku obungaziwa kuncwadi. Umsebenzi wakhe uhlonitshwe ngababhali abanjengoDavid Foster Wallace noCynthia Ozick.
Malunga neblue
Umbono wento ekhoyo, yokwenyani, yokwakhiwa kwendawo encinci apho imeko yethu ibeka kuthi. Ezo zimvo zamhambisa umbhali kwindawo yakhe ebubuxoki. Kwaye kulo msebenzi ungeyonyani umba uthatha ubukrelekrele ngakumbi, nangakumbi inqanaba lefilosofi.
Esi sincoko sikaWilliam Gass, sithathwa njengenye yezona zinto zazisetyenziswa kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX, siqala kumbuzo esiye sazibuza wona ngamanye amaxesha: ngaba ngumbala obonakala uphaya kwaye endiwubonayo engqondweni yam- umzekelo , Luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka? - ngulowo ubonwa ngabanye?
Ukuphendula lo mbuzo, umbhali usihambisa 'kumhlaba oluhlaza' phakathi kwezinto eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, izinto eziphilayo, iintetho kunye neemvakalelo - okanye ezo zamkelwa njengeblue nokuba azikho. Kuba blue ayingombala nje, ligama elifaka imibala kuyo yonke into eliyichukumisayo. Phakathi kwee-Anglo-Saxons, isondo siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, apho i-Gass inikezela kakhulu kwesi sincoko, kunye nonyango oluhlala lunzima kuncwadi.
Ingxaki kukuba amagama athi 'awathandwa ngokwaneleyo', kwaye kuya kwenzeka kuphela ukukhupha i-essence yesondo - blueness yayo - ngokuyisebenzisa ngokufanelekileyo. Ukubonisa oku, i-Gass isebenzisa imibhalo ngababhali abahlukeneyo njengoVirginia Woolf, uHenry Miller, uWilliam Shakespeare kunye noColette.
