Kukho ubomi ngaphaya iincwadi zokuncedisa ngokubhekisele kwizifundo zengqondo. Kwaye ababhali bathanda USteven Pinker, UDaniel Goleman okanye Freud bayimizekelo eyaziwayo yababalisi bamabali apho ungalahleka khona ixesha elide kuloo ndawo yengqondo. Kuba isayikholojikhyoloyji ingena kwizinto eziphawula inyathelo lentando yethu, ukuthanda kwethu kunye nezigqibo zethu isondele kakhulu okanye ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sentlalo.
Ngamanye amagama, kukho intsimi apho uhlwayela khona uncwadi ukugqiba ukuvuna ukuthandwa, izincoko okanye nayiphi na isayikholojisti nganye efuna ukuyilima. Kwimeko kaPinker, ukuthanda kwakhe yingqondo yokufunda, ukukhula kwengqondo njengendawo eqhelekileyo ukusuka kumda oqhelekileyo wemeko yethu yomntu, yeemvakalelo, zoluhlu olunokufikelelwa kukuqonda kwethu.
Indalo iphela ejonge kumbindi wobukho bethu, apho ii-neurons zihamba njengeenkwenkwezi kwidome yethu yendalo iphela ngengqondo. Uhambo apho uPinker ebeka khona ibhanti kuwe ukuze usibandakanye nesantya esingaqhelekanga apho yonke into yenzeka khona ngombandela wethu ongwevu. Kungenxa yokuba ekugqibeleni uPinker wenza inguqulelo yakhe kwezentlalo apho yonke into ifumana ukugxila kokuqala kwimoto ye-neural ethi izame ukunika indlela koko kufundwayo kunye noko kuvakalayo ...
Iincwadi ezi-3 eziphezulu eziCetyiswayo nguSteven Pinker
Ekukhuseleni ukukhanya
Umbono malunga nale ncwadi utshintshe kakhulu ukusukela ngo-2020 ofikileyo nesithunzi saso esosulelekileyo esingcolisa phezu kwayo nayiphi na iprojekthi yoluntu njengempucuko.
Kodwa akubuhlungu ukukhumbula, ukucinga kwakhona yonke into ngeprism yale ncwadi xa ilixesha lokubuyisela ubomi njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili. Kuba mhlawumbi ngumcimbi wokulinganisa yonke into ngokubhekiselele kubomi bomntu obuqondwa njengenxalenye yehlabathi, kungekhona njengabasebenzisi bokugqibela behlabathi elithengiswa yi-capitalism ehambisa yonke into ...
Ukuba ubucinga ukuba umhlaba uza kuphela, oku kukunika umdla: siphila ixesha elide kwaye impilo ikunye nathi, sikhululekile kwaye, ekugqibeleni, sonwabile; Kwaye nangona iingxaki esijamelana nazo zingaqhelekanga, izisombululo zikwindawo efanelekileyo yoKhanyiso: ukusetyenziswa kwesizathu kunye nesayensi.
Isileyiti esicocekileyo
Esona sincoko sokwengqondo sayo yonke into asinika yona lo mbhali. Enye yezo ncwadi iphakamisa umbono apho yonke indlela yombhali ibonakala ngathi igeleza. Mhlawumbi ayifundisi ngokubanzi xa ucinga njengengcinga yakhe, kodwa uhlala unomdla wokwazi umbono omtsha nonomtsalane kuloo ntshukumo phakathi kwengqondo kunye nokuziphatha.
En Isileyiti esicocekileyo, USteven Pinker uphonononga uluvo lobume bomntu kunye nokuziphatha, ngokweemvakalelo nangokwezopolitiko. Ibonisa ukuba uninzi lweenkcuba-buchopho zibukhanyele ubukho bazo ngokukhusela iimfundiso ezintathu ezinxibeleleneyo: "isileyiti esicocekileyo" (ingqondo ayinazimpawu), "isirhabaxa esilungileyo" (umntu uzelwe elungile kwaye uluntu luyamonakalisa), kunye "nesiporho ebomini. "umatshini" (sonke sinomphefumlo owenza izigqibo ngaphandle kokuxhomekeka kubhayoloji).
I-Pinker izisa ukuzola kunye nokuzola kwezi ngxoxo ngokubonisa ukuba ukulingana, inkqubela phambili, uxanduva, kunye nenjongo akukho nto bayoyikayo kwizinto ezifunyanisiweyo malunga nobunzima bendalo yomntu.
Iingelosi esiziphatha ngaphakathi
Ingxelo evuthayo yoko kuphunyeziweyo. Ukuqwalaselwa kwempucuko yethu njengendaleko ngaphandle kwayo yonke into, nangamanqaku ayo okuzivelela kwezinye iinkalo. Amanyathelo amaninzi aqhubela phambili ukwenza le planethi ibe yindawo yokumisela iziko leengxabano, ukuvukela ubundlobongela bomntu ozelwe busikhokelela kwiimfazwe kwaye ezihlala zisongela ukubuyela kwiindlela zayo zakudala.
En Iingelosi esiziphatha ngaphakathi, USteven Pinker usityhilela uphando athe walwenza malunga nokuxhaphaka kobundlobongela kwimbali yonke.
Olu phando lumkhokelele ekubeni agqibe kwelokuba, ngaphandle kweemfazwe ezikhoyo, siphila kwixesha apho ubundlobongela behle kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa namaxesha adlulileyo.
Siyalonwabela uxolo esilonwabelayo ngoku kuba izizukulwana ezidlulileyo bezihlala kubundlobongela kwaye oku kubanyanzelile ukuba bazame ukubeka imida kulo, kwaye kwihlabathi langoku lelethu ekufuneka sisebenze ukuluphelisa. Akufuneki sihanjiswe lithemba, kodwa ubuncinci ngoku siyazi ukuba le yinjongo esinokufikelela kuyo.
