Uzuko loncwadi lwesiHungary Imre Kertesz, owaphumelela iBhaso likaNobel ngo-2002, ineengcambu zayo kwilifa loncwadi lomntu wakowabo. USándor Márai.
Kuphela kwimeko kaMárai, ukungqamana kwakhe nokuba ngubani owayeza kuba ngomnye wabona babalisi baseYurophu abapheleleyo kunye nababhali-mbali besiqingatha sokuqala senkulungwane yama-XNUMX, UThomas Mann, ubukhulu becala yamgquma njengesithethi saloo nyaniso yokwenene yenziwe inoveli, kunye nokucamngca kunye nokucamngca kumsebenzi obanzi kakhulu webali elingeyonyani nelingeyonyani.
Sekunjalo, uMárai wazibhokoxa kuluhlu lweencwadi ezininzi. Ngenxa yokuba umsebenzi wokubhala awukho malunga nokhuphiswano, kodwa malunga nokuqhuba, imfuno yokuvakalisa, ukwabelana, ukucacisa kwiintsomi kunye nokubeka kwizincoko. Ngaphandle kokulibala kwimeko ka-Márai ngokungena kwimibongo nakwimidlalo yeqonga.
Kwaye njengesiqhelo, kwiindidi yincasa kunye nokuhambelana, ubutyebi. Ukufumana iinoveli zikaMárai kukungena kwindawo entsha apho ufumana abalinganiswa abanomdla abakwezi ndlela zobomi zinomdla kakhulu.
Kuba kukho into e-Márai ehlala ijonge iingxaki, umbono wobomi njengohambo oluvela kukhetho. Isiqalo esivela kuloo nkululeko yokuzikhethela ukuze umntu enze ubukho obuthile kunye neemeko ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi, uhambo oluya kwi-decipherment yokugqibela yomphefumlo.
Iinoveli ezi-3 eziphezulu ezicetyiswayo ngu-Sándor Márai
Intlanganiso yokugqibela
Kukho iindawo, iindawo, iindawo ezineechoes ezingenakonakala zondwendwe olubuyela ngokuchanekileyo ngolu hlobo, njengondwendwe oluya kwiinkumbulo. Lo mbandela unento ethile yembongo ye-melancholic, ye-evocation yexesha elidlulileyo ephantse ivakale njenge-echo, enokuphinda ivuselelwe kwiphunga elibonakalayo ...
Umbuzo kukwazi indlela yokuqamba, ngalo mlingo unxilisayo we-nostalgia, ibali elinamandla njengeli. Ngenxa yokuba intlanganiso yeeprotagonists zeli qhinga inobuninzi baloo magnetism yeepali ezimbini ezahlulwe ngeemeko kodwa zibuyele ngengozi.Abantu ubukhulu becala ngabantwana bemagnethi elawula iplanethi yethu, yamandla abalulekileyo afana nomxhuzulane okanye inertia. Kwenzeka okufanayo naloo nto kuthiwa yi-chemistry phakathi kwabantu kwinqanaba elingabonakaliyo lomphefumlo.
Kwaye nokufa kunamandla aphakathi xa inkumbulo yothando iwela kubomi bamadoda amabini awayefuna ukuba nayo kuphela. Babezezinye iintsuku kwinqaba endala. Umculo wawuvakala rhoqo ngorhatya njengombhiyozo wobomi nempumelelo. Ngoku akukho mculo, hayi njengesandi sokwenyani kodwa mhlawumbi njenge-echo phakathi kweendonga ezishinyeneyo
Kuphela ngeli xesha yonke into ivakala ngethoni eyoyikisayo, ngokungathi ibhengeza ukuba ityala elingekahlawulwa liza kuvalwa phakathi kwendoda ehambe kude lee naleyo yahlala kobo bomi bunqunyanyisiweyo, yagungqiswa ngexesha elaqulunqa uA. indawo enye ekuza kugwetywa kuyo, kodwa okwangoku, uSándor Márai uza kusinika ingxelo entle ngayo yonke into. Ngokumalunga nezikhuthazo zomdlali ngamnye kunye nekamva lehlabathi elifuna ukucima nawuphi na umculo ngonaphakade.
Umfazi olilungisa
Bendisoloko ndicinga ukuba umbhali obalaseleyo ngulowo okwaziyo ukuphuphuma ngobutyebi ngaphandle kokubuxhaphaza. Ukuba, ukongeza, kuphunyeziwe okuchaseneyo, kokubonakala kukhaphukhaphu ngokuqhubekayo ukutsala into enye, sijongene nobukrelekrele.
Ukuthetha wedwa yinto ebonakala intle kakhulu kwithiyetha kuba ifika. Ilizwi lomdlali weqonga lifikelela kuthi nge-echo yalo kwaye ligqithise bonke ubunzulu balo kuthi ngentshukumo nganye kunye nentshukumo.Enye into kukufunda inoveli apho imonologue ingumongo wayo yonke into. Kodwa ewe, uMárai usebenza kakuhle phakathi kwemibhalo naphakathi kweenoveli. Kwaye umphumo kule meko kukubonakaliswa okugqibeleleyo kokudibanisa.
Unxantathu wothando, mhlawumbi, ingxabano yeengxabano ngobuninzi beendlela malunga nokungcatsha, ukuphuka kwentliziyo, ukuziphindezela ... Kodwa ngeli xesha sityelela imiphefumlo yabalinganiswa abathathu, kuba ngabo abasinika umbono ovela. i-angle yabo. Kwaye ukubunjwa kukanxantathu ekugqibeleni kuba yijometri yeplanethi ekhoyo. Ukususela kumazwi kaPeter, uMarika noJudit, uthando lusivulela ngeyona ntsingiselo yalo epheleleyo ukusuka kwenyama ukuya kweyomoya.
Ifanele ikhunjulwe into yokuba lo msebenzi, ekugqibeleni uye wabonakala ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo nangezigaba ezahlukeneyo zokupapasha, ugcina isiseko soko bekucamngca ngako kangangeminyaka elishumi. Ngenye imva kwemini, kwindawo yokutyela ebukekayo yaseBudapest, ibhinqa lixelela umhlobo walo indlela Usuku Ngenxa yesiganeko se-banal, wafumanisa ukuba umyeni wakhe wanikwa umzimba kunye nomphefumlo kuthando oluyimfihlo olwamdlayo, kwaye emva koko umzamo wakhe ongenamsebenzi wokumbuyisela.
Kwakwesi sixeko, ngobunye ubusuku, indoda engumyeni wayo yatyand’ igila kumhlobo wayo ngendlela eyamshiya ngayo umfazi wayo ngenxa yomfazi eyayimfuna kangangeminyaka, kodwa yaphulukana nayo ngonaphakade emva kokuba itshatile. Ekuseni, kwipenshoni encinci yaseRoma, umfazi uxelela isithandwa sakhe ukuba yena, wemvelaphi ethobekileyo, watshata njani nendoda esisityebi, kodwa umtshato uye wanikezela kwingqumbo nokuziphindezela.
Njengonopopi abangenalo ilungelo lokusebenzisa intando yabo, uMarika, uPĂ©ter noJudit babalisa ngobudlelwane babo obungaphumeleliyo kunye nenyaniso ekrwada yabo balujonga ulonwabo njengelizwe elinzima nelingenakufikeleleka. Umfazi olilungisa. Kule noveli ngawona maphepha ayo asondeleleneyo nakrazukileyo, awona alumkileyo. Inkcazelo yakhe yothando, ubuhlobo, isini, umona, isithukuthezi, umnqweno, nokufa kwalatha ngqo kumbindi womphefumlo womntu.
abanomona
Akukho nto iyonakalisa ngaphezu komona, kuwo onke amanqanaba. Ubudlelwane be-consanguinity obubolile njengeyona visceral yolwelo. Ngenxa yokuba emva kokuba i-bond iphelile, isiqu esabambe amasebe kunye, ezona ziqhwithi ezingalindelekanga zinokutshabalalisa yonke into.
Usolusapho womnombo waseGarren usekhukweni lokufa. Kubazalwana bentsapho, ixesha lifikile lokuba babuyele kwidolophu yabo kwaye bahlangane kwikhaya labo lobuntwana. Nangona kunjalo, ngokukhawuleza bafumanisa ukuba ikhonkco labo kuphela nguyise kwaye bayazibuza ukuba ukufa kwakhe kuya kuthetha ukuphela kwentsapho.
Ngomboniso owoyikekayo wezixhobo zobugcisa, uSándor Márai usikhokela ngobuchule kwiingcinga kunye neemvakalelo zabalinganiswa bakhe kwaye ucazulule ukuntsonkotha kobudlelwane bosapho kwimeko yezopolitiko nezentlalo yaseYurophu phakathi kweemfazwe, eziphawulwe kukuqhekeka kobukumkani base-Austro-Hungary. , eyashiya ilizwe lingenanxalenye yommandla walo kunye nenqanaba lentlalontle, oohlohlesakhe, begwetyelwe ukuphela.
Ezinye iincwadi ezinconyelwe nguSándor Márai
Izivumo zoBourgeois
Ngoonobumba abakwisinye okanye iingcaphephe ezinkulu, kufuneka sibheje, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kwi-autobiographical. Ngenxa yokuba yonke incwadi ebhalwe ngumbhali onesivumo ngokupheleleyo, izele yimvakalelo yokuba kukho into enokufundwa. Kwaye ke, kwisihloko sale ncwadi sele sifumene injongo yokwenyani, ayibhekiseli kwizivumo zegorha okanye umlo.
UMárai uzichaza njengoohlohlesakhe, umfo osisinhanha. Kodwa ekugqibeleni kukho uvukelo oluninzi ekubeni nobomi obutofotofo kunye nokubuguqula ukuba bungene kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba kwaye bube nobuganga bokubhala ngokukhululekileyo malunga nexesha elalihlala ... Kwaye ukuba nawuphi na umzuzu ulungile ukungena kwisivumo esipheleleyo, ku xa umntu esemncinci kwaye ecamngca ngento ebikhe yaphila, ngoku kwaye yintoni eseleyo, kunye naloo mandla anokukwazi ukutshintshela kwinto ebhaliweyo ngowona mandla abukhali.
Naku ukufunda kwakhe, ukuthanda kwakhe ukubhala, ukuthanda kwakhe ubuntatheli, izithandwa zakhe, umtshato wakhe, ukudibana kwakhe nababhali abadumileyo, uhambo lwakhe, ukuziva engenazingcambu, isiporho sotywala.Inzala yosapho olutyebileyo lwemvelaphi yaseSaxon eHungary kangangeenkulungwane, uMárai uqala ibali lakhe ngokuchaza oohlohlesakhe abaphumelelayo nabathembekileyo angowabo, ababonakala bephila kwihlabathi elifanelekileyo apho kulawula inkcubeko nonyamezelo.
Obu bomi buzolileyo banqunyulwa ngequbuliso ngehlobo lowe-1914, eSarajevo, ngokubulawa kwendlalifa yetrone yaseHabsburg. UMárai wabizwa eneminyaka elishumi elinesixhenxe ubudala yaye, ekupheleni kwemfazwe, intsapho yakhe yamthumela eJamani ukuya kufunda ubuntatheli.” Apho, njengentatheli yephephandaba lemihla ngemihla laseJamani elidumileyo iFrankfurter Zeitung, uMárai waqalisa uhambo ngezonqulo olutyhutyha iYurophu ngeminyaka yee-XNUMX. : ukusuka eLeipzig ukuya e-Weimar, ukusuka eFrankfurt ukuya eBerlin, uya kungqina ukuguqulwa ngokukhawuleza kwelizwekazi elithe, linikezelwa kwi-frivolity kunye nokuziphatha okubi, liyihoxisa imisinga yentiyo ekhula ngaphakathi kwayo kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iya kukhokelela kwintlekele.
UFlorence, eLondon, uMbindi Mpuma kwaye, ewe, iParis, umbindi wobomi be-bohemian kunye ne-cosmopolitan, iya kuba yinxalenye yohambo lukaMárai, de, ekugqibeleni, kunye nosapho lwakhe kunye nenqanaba lentlalontle lanyamalala kwaye ilizwe lakhe lachithwa, wakhetha ukuhlala yedwa. kwilizwe ekuphela kwalo elinokubakho kumbhali, “ilizwe lokwenyani, elinokuba lulwimi okanye mhlawumbi ebuntwaneni.” Ngoko ke, ikamva lakhe yayikukubhala inkcubeko eyayinobungangamsha nokuwohloka kwayo awayeyiphile enyameni yakhe, aze abalise ibali laloo ntlukwano ebuhlungu njengombalisi wokugqibela wendalo yonke "ukuba ndikholelwa kumandla engqondo kunye nomoya."
