Ezona zithuba zixhaphakileyo kwinkulungwane yama-XNUMX yaseYurophu ngokungathandabuzekiyo yayiyeyenziwe I-Austro-Hungarian Empire eyayiza kudilizwa ibe yiwaka (okanye ngaphezu kwe-19).. UJoseph Roth Wazalwa ngowe-1894 waza wakhulela kubungangamsha boBukhosi waza wafa ngowe-1939, xa elo lizwe lingaqhelekanga laliyinkumbulo engacacanga yenye iYurophu, ejonge enzonzobileni ngelo xesha.
Okwangoku, yintoni efanayo kubomi obufutshane bukaRoth, umsebenzi obanzi kakhulu we-genius wahamba ngaphambi kwexesha lakhe. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha usondele kwabanye abantu bexesha eliqaqambileyo njengaye UThomas Mann o UHermann Hesse.
Mhlawumbi, xa sifikelele kwiminyaka ye-octogenarian njengabanye ababini abakhankanyiweyo, siya kuzifumana siphambi kwe-bibliography yeyona nto inomdla kakhulu, kunye nelo xabiso lengxelo ehambelana ne-intrahistories malunga nento eyenzekayo kwinkulungwane yonke njengesiphithiphithi njengoko i-XNUMX yayinjalo kwindala. ilizwekazi.
Nangona kunjalo, singonwabela ezo classics esele zihonjiswe nguJoseph Roth, kunye nencasa yamva yoncwadi oluxabisekileyo lwexesha elidlulileyo, olukwaziyo ukukhohlakala kobukho kodwa kunye neefom zomculo ezihamba kunye neprozi yentando yefilosofi.
IiNoveli eziphezulu ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguJoseph Roth
Uhambo lukaRadetzky
Uqulunqwe njengomhobe ozukileyo woBukhosi base-Austro-Hungarian, lo mngcelele ukhethwa njengomzekeliso osisigqebelo wokuwa okwalandelayo. Ukusuka kwintsapho yakwaTrotta, kwizizukulwana zayo ezithathu, siqwalasela ikamva lehlabathi, kuba iYurophu ngoko yayisakhapitali kwiinguqu zenkcubeko, ezentlalo, ezoqoqosho kunye nezoshishino. Kuze kube, ngokuhambelana nokuwa kwe-Austro-Hungarian Empire, nangona ingahambelani ngokuthe ngqo nale nto, iYurophu yaqala ukugubungela i-hegemony yayo yehlabathi kwaye yonke into yachithwa, ukusuka kumasiko ukuya kwintlalo yoluntu.
Yayingumzamo ongakumbi wokuzitshabalalisa, olona hlobo lubi lokufa okwaziwayo ngempumelelo eyayisele yenzekile kuBukhosi baseRoma. Nangona ii-revolutions nazo zivela njengentando eyimfuneko yotshintsho.Umbuzo, endiwushiyayo umsonto wenoveli bubutyebi be-intrahistory engalibalekiyo eqala kwiYurophu ecebileyo kwihlabathi layo elithile elinoxolo, elihlala lihleli phambi kweMfazwe Enkulu.
Kodwa oku kwakusoloko kukho iingxabano ezincinci ezifana nedabi laseSolferino, isihlandlo sokuqala apho iTrotta yatshintsha isimo sabo njengomvuzo woncedo lwabo kumlawuli. Ukunyaniseka kuhlawulwa kakuhle njengenxalenye yolu qwalaselo olugqithisileyo kumakholwa kule nkqubo yangoku. Uhambo oluphakathi kwembali, intsomi, kunye nokuchukumisa iingoma kwaye luhlala luhlotshiswe ngenkcazo echanekileyo ye-brushstrokes ekhangayo, iphuhlisa umfundi de kube yiMfazwe Enkulu kunye nokuqala kwesiphelo sehlabathi elibanjwe kwi-limbo engaqhelekanga, ejongene nesimanjemanje. Okufunwayo ngenkulungwane yama-20 kunye nokunamathela kwizithethe ezazigubungela yonke into.
Intsomi yomsela ongcwele
Omnye waloo miqulu yamabali abalulekileyo. Iintsomi zabantu abadala zadlula kwisihluzo seminyaka ephelelweyo njengexesha elingenakuphepheka lomntu ophulukeneyo nelithi sonke sijonge phandle ekugqibeleni.
Akukho kuziphatha kumabali okanye kwimfundiso nangona ukubonakala kwawo ngamanye amaxesha njengomzekeliso. Kukho umboniso wenkxwaleko phakathi kweembonakalo ezimangalisayo, njengokungathi zifikile zivela kwi-delirium yomntu oselayo okwaziyo, nangona yonke into, ukuqhubeka nokubhala imihlathi yoncwadi olukhethekileyo ngokumangalisayo. inokuba nguAndreas ngokwakhe, umntu ongenakhaya ngaphandle kokukholelwa malunga nomsebenzi ophezulu obonakala ubonakala ngakumbi ngesiselo ngasinye kude kuse.
Kodwa sikwadibana nabalinganiswa ababambelele kumhlaba othi bangaphezulu kakhulu kwamaphupha abo, bephantsi kobunzima bomzimba obubhangisa yonke into. Umzila kaloliwe u-Fallmeyer kunye nomphefumlo wakhe uphindaphinda ukunyanzeliswa kokuhamba kwezitimela ezihlala zibaleka, intengiso ye-coral engayi kuze ikwazi ukubona ulwandle ... Iimpawu ezingayi kuba ngaphandle kwendawo kwibali lePoe, ngaphandle kokuba i amasikizi avela ngakumbi kwinyani ekrwada kunayo nayiphi na i-delirium ethathwa njengenkululeko.
Incwadi yokugqibela kaRoth eParis eyamamkela njengomntu osela kunye nombhali ngaphambi kokuba ahambe, eshiya ilifa elibalisayo elixabiswa ngakumbi nangakumbi imihla ngemihla.
Amagqabi aluhlaza
Akukhe kube buhlungu ukuthatha ukhenketho kweyona nxalenye ye-autobiographical yakhe nawuphi na umbhali wasentsomini. Le yincwadi yomqokeleli. Kokubini ngefom kunye nangomxholo. Oko umbhali obalaseleyo uJoseph Roth wayenokukugcina njengomzobo wencwadi echaza ubuntwaneni bakhe obungqwabalala kuye kwaphumela kule ntetho yokugqibela kwakude kudala emva kokufa kwakhe ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ixhoba lokukhotyokiswa butywala.
URoth ungomnye wababhali bentsomi, baqalekiswa yiMbali kunye neemeko zakhe, kunokuba baqalekiswe ngesigqibo sakhe. UmYuda waseYurophu yangaphambi kobuNazi kunye nexhoba leengxaki ezahlukeneyo zentsapho ebuntwaneni bakhe kunye nasebudaleni bakhe, uye wasinda unanamhla, egqunywe yinkungu eshinyeneyo ngobunyani bobomi bakhe. Ubuntwana bomdali benziwe ngedatha ethile eqinisekisiweyo kunye neentsomi ezinokubaliswa nguye ngokwakhe.
Ngesi sizathu, mhlawumbi iStrawberries inokuba ngumsebenzi oqinisekileyo apho abafundi bayo banokufumana ukukhanya okuthile kubomi bombhali phakathi kweprozi yakhe kunye nokukwazi kwakhe ukulingana nazo zonke iintlobo zabalinganiswa kwiimeko ezicace kakhulu ezibhengeza ukwehla kweYurophu phakathi kwemibono kunye nentiyo.
Umbono wakhe womntwana owayesebenzela ukuqhubela phambili iyelenqe elifakwe kwi-nostalgia yobuntwana obonwabisayo obungazange bunjalo. Ngaloo ndlela, ubukrakra kunye ne-fatalism ekugqibeleni ilawula yonke into. Usiba lwakhe luchaza abalinganiswa abasuka kwimfazwe yaseYurophu eyayisondela kwelinye icala elibi kakhulu leli xesha linzima. UBrody yidolophu apho uJoseph wayefuna ukuba yinkwenkwe eyonwabileyo.
Kuyinyani ukuba apho wayehlala kwaye wakhulela kwiminyaka yakhe yokuqala yobomi, kwaye ukusuka apho wayenokuba nombono wabaninzi babalinganiswa ababekrola kwizinto azidalileyo, kodwa isixeko saseBrody sasiyindawo yokuzalwa. usizi lwakhe lwexesha elide kubo bonke ubomi bakhe kwaye wasasazwa kumbhalo wakhe ozimeleyo, ongenazintloni kunye ne-melancholic.
Ezinye iincwadi ezicetyiswayo nguJoseph Roth
Epreli
USabina wayesele eyicula. Kwaye akukho nyanga ka-Epreli ngaphandle kwe-melancholy xa igcina igcinwe kwidrowa, ecaleni kwentliziyo. Akukho buqaqawuli budlulayo okwangoku, akusekho buhle, akusekho ngcaciso yobukho buphela. UThixo wethu oyinyaniso lixesha. I-Cronos esibonisa amagqabantshintshi akhe anokonakala kwihlabathi lethu eliguqukayo. Logama nje ngokuqinisekileyo ezigcinele kuye uyolo lokucamngca ngokungapheliyo, ulonwabo oluqhubekayo, lwemvakalelo engunaphakade yovuyo.
“Njengoko uloliwe wayemana ukuzulazula kwaye eqalisa ukuqengqeleka kakuhle, ndawangawangisa ndajonga le ntombazana emehlweni. Kuphela ngenxa yaloo mbonakalo ndiye ndabhala eli bali. Kweli bali lifutshane lolwaluko nguRoth, umfundi akayi kufumanisa kuphela ubuntununtunu bombhali kwiincwadi zakhe ezininzi zamva, kodwa nebali elizele yimiqondiso, imfihlakalo kunye nabo bonke ubuhle obuvuselelayo balo mbhali ukrelekrele.
