Umfundi ombi ongaphumeleliyo utitshala wakhe, babedla ngokuthi. Unyana ukwangumfundi xa esenza umsebenzi ofanayo nokayise. Kwaye ewe, kwimeko ye UJonathan Littell ujonge ukogqitha uRobert, uyise.
Kuba uJonathan Littell junior unelo bhaso lizukileyo lokubonisa ngokuzingca kuyise, akukho nto ingaphantsi kweGoncourt 2006. Ukusukela ngoko, uJonathan owalupheleyo uye waqhubeka nenkqubela yakhe yoncwadi eqinisekiswa kulwazi nomonde oyimfuneko ukuze abe ngumbhali ngokwakhe.
Ukususela ebutsheni bakhe uqala ngemisebenzi nge intsomi yesayensi okanye kunokubalisa izindululo ezibalisayo kuncwadi olusele lusulungekisiwe ngakumbi. Ibali lakhe elinothotho lweentsomi zembali, ubukho be-Kafkaesque ngamanye amaxesha kunye nokuba incasa ye-depersonalization kunye ne-estrangement ebonisa ukuba iziganeko zivela kwi-lucidity ebuhlungu ekugqibeleni.
IiNoveli ezi-3 ezicetyiswayo nguJonathan Littell
Abanobubele
Ukuvelana nosathana ngokwakhe yinto endiyizame kwincwadi yam.Iingalo zomnqamlezo wam«. Umbuzo kukuqwalasela, njengoko uTerencio sele etshilo, ukuba singabantu kwaye akukho nto ingumntu engaqhelekanga kuthi. Ukubonisa eli qhosha litsha kwiLittell.
Kuninzi okubhaliweyo malunga nobuNazi kodwa bambalwa aba ziinoveli eziye zaba nobuganga bokungena kwingqondo yomNazi. Kwincwadi ethi The Benevolent , uJonathan Littell usinika imbono yombulali, igosa leSS uMaximilien Aue, owathi, kumashumi eminyaka emva kokuphela kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ebalisa okokuqala ukubandakanyeka kwakhe emfazweni nasekubulaweni kwabantu kwimigca engaphambili. yena, xa wayeneminyaka emashumi mabini anesihlanu ukuya kwamashumi amathathu ubudala.
UmNazi oqinisekileyo, ngaphandle kokuzisola okanye ukuhlambalaza ngokuziphatha, u-Aue uthatha ukuzinikela kwakhe kumatshini wolwaphulo-mthetho kaHitler, njengelungu le-Einsatzgruppen, kwaye ngoko njengoxanduva lolwaphulo-mthetho oluchasene noluntu, e-Ukraine, eCrimea naseCaucasus. Ichaza ukungenelela kwakhe kwidabi laseStalingrad ade athunyelwe eBerlin apho asebenza khona kwi-Ofisi yoMphathiswa we-Interior phantsi kuka-Himmler, kunye nokusebenzisana ekuphunyezweni nasekuphunyezweni kwe 'Isisombululo Sokugqibela'.
Kodwa i-Las benevolas ayikho nje enye yeenoveli ezinkulu malunga ne-Nazism kunye ne-banality yobubi. Kokubini kuphando kwicala elimnyama lobudlelwane bosapho kunye nokuthabatheka ngokwesondo. UMax Aue uhlala ekhathazwa sisiporho sokulalana nodade wabo kunye nobufanasini bakhe, isizathu sokungena kwakhe kwi-SS, kunye nentiyo ngonina.
Ngale ndlela, iMbali kunye nobomi babucala bubonakala budibana ekufeni, ngendlela yentlekele yakudala. Akumangalisi ukuba isihloko seLas benevolas sibhekiselele kwi-Aeschylus's La Orestiada. I-Sophocles' Electra kunye ne-Vasili Grossman's Life kunye ne-Fate zezinye iiklasikhi apho inoveli ka-Jonathan Littell ithetha ngayo. ULas benevolas wawongwa ngeBhaso leGoncourt kunye neBhaso eliKhulu leNoveli yeFrench Academy. Yaye abafundi bayo bafikelela kwizigidi ehlabathini lonke.
Amabali kaFata Morgana
Ngapha koko, eyona nto intle imfutshane. I-orgasm ngaphandle kokuya phambili. Ke ukufunda ngokuzihlaziya kufuneka kube mfutshane, njengebali elenza ungcangcazele koko kuncwina konxibelelwano olutshisa iineurons njengedlozi. Umbhali osemsebenzini uhlala ewafihla amabali akhe amafutshane. Kodwa eneneni imfutshane ilinde nje ukwenza umthamo ongaguqukiyo kuneyona inoveli inde. Kuba kubo bonke obo bufutshane obubhalwe ngumbhali bubuxoki bobugcisa.
Ndithe ndisalele, ndazixelela oku, makhe ndibhale ngale nto, kwanangento enye, ingengabantu, nangam, nokungabikho, nokubakho, nokuba bubomi, nokuba kukufa, nokubonwayo, nokuviweyo, nangokuthanda; hayi ngexesha. Ngaphandle koko, yonke into yayisele inemilo yayo. Ukususela ngo-2007 ukuya ku-2012, uJonathan Littell wapapasha amabali amane enza lo mqulu kumshicileli omncinci noyingozi waseFransi uFata Morgana kwaye ngoku aguqulelwa kwiSpanishi okokuqala.
Kwakukho iincwadi ezine ezintle, eziphantse zifihlakeleyo, ekungekho ziphononongo eziye zavela: ibhubhoratri efanelekileyo yombhali, onjengoKafka, ocinga ukuba "ukuthula akunakuze kwenziwe malunga nento ebhalwayo." Eli xesha licothayo lophuhliso ekugqibeleni lakhokelela ekubhalweni nasekupapasheni, nakwi-Gutenberg Galaxy, ye-Old Story, i-remake eyandisiweyo yebali lokugqibela kulo mqulu.
Ibali elidala
Inoveli uHouellebecq ngokwakhe angazingca ngayo. Kodwa ewe, oko kuthetha ukuba kuya kufuneka ukubamba ukufunda kwakho ngexesha elifanelekileyo kunye ne-predisposition efunekayo. Ewe, xa yonke into idibana kunye impambano yomlingo ibangelwa apho sihamba kuzo zonke ezo nqwelomoya ezinokuchaza ubunyani bethu ukusuka kwimilinganiselo engaziwayo phakathi kwengqondo, obunye ubomi kunye nohambo ngexesha.
«Umbalisi uphuma kwidama lokuqubha, azitshintshe aze aqalise ukubaleka kwipaseji emnyama. Fumana iingcango ezivulekele kwimimandla (indlu, igumbi lehotele, indawo yokufunda, indawo enkulu, isixeko okanye indawo yasendle), iindawo apho olona lwalamano lubalulekileyo lwabantu lubonakaliswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ukusa kwixesha elingenasiphelo (intsapho, isibini , isithukuthezi, iqela, imfazwe) ».
Inoveli ihlelwe kwiinguqu ezisixhenxe, apho isenzo sibonakala siphindaphinda, intsapho efanayo, igumbi lehotele elifanayo, indawo efanayo yesondo, ubundlobongela. Kodwa njengoko yonke into iphinda iphinda, yonke into iyadodobala, ingazinzi, ukungaqiniseki kuba sisiqalo. Ubuyena bombalisi buyaguqulwa, indoda, umfazi, hermaphrodite, umntu omdala, umntwana.
Ngale ndlela uLittell wakha intsomi egqithisileyo, ehluthayo, eqaqambileyo malunga nomhlaba ophantsi womphefumlo, apho kwakhona kubonakala ngathi ufuna ukuphatha ububi obuvela kuwe ukuya kuwe. UJonathan Littell ubhale enye inoveli eyinkosi. Njengase-Las benevolas, umfundi akakushiyi ukufunda kwakhe kungaphazamiseki nalapha.
Inqaku eli-1 "Ezona ncwadi zi-3 zigqwesileyo nguJonathan Littell"