Ababhali abali-10 abagqwesileyo e-USA

Ukumisela eyona ngxelo ingcono yelizwe ngalinye iqulethe iidosi ezinkulu zokutolika okuzimeleyo, izinto ezithandwayo, unxulumano kunye nolunye ukhetho loncwadi phakathi kweentlobo ngeentlobo zeentlobo kunye nezimbo. Kodwa i-subjectivity ingena ngokugqibeleleyo kwihlabathi lethu elihlala lihlobene, apho ingeyiyo yonke into emnyama namhlophe. Yile ndlela ekumele ukuba yiyo kwaye le yindlela endinesibindi ngayo ngokhetho oluya kukukholisa okanye ukukoyikisa, kuxhomekeke kwinto nganye.

Kwakhona phuma kunye ababhali abagqwesileyo abenziwe e-USA, kunye nendalo ebanzi kunye neyohlukeneyo yeli lizwe, inzima ngakumbi kuba kuyimfuneko ukwenza ukulahla okanye ukushiya okubuhlungu kunye nokumangalisayo. Nangona kunjalo, siza kuqhubeka nayo ngowona mnqweno uphela kunye nowona mkhulu wokuvula ingxoxo. Okanye ukuze unikeze imikhondo ukuze wonke umntu kamva azibandakanye kufundo olungalindelekanga.

Ababhali aba-10 ababalaseleyo eUnited States.

Stephen King. Irhamncwa loncwadi.

Ingqikelelo engenamda ye Stephen King ibonakala kuthi njengomtha wokukhanya osolulelwe kuwo onke amanqanaba ukusuka kwiprism yawo ethile. Akukho mida kwi-bibliography ye Stephen King kunye nokuzama ukuyisoka kuhlobo olothusayo kukungaboni ngasonye.

Kuba apho Stephen King ngakumbi ukusuka kuloyiko ukuya kumnandi, intsomi yesayensi, intsomi yembali, i-dystopia, i-ucronías okanye i-apocalypses. Konke oku ngabalinganiswa abaphuma kwinyani njengababhali abambalwa abakwaziyo ukuveza.

Ukusuka kwi-anecdotal ukuya kweyona nto ibalulekileyo okanye ukusuka kweyona bhajethi imnandi ukuya kweyona mvakalelo ikufutshane. UKumkani uhlala kwiindawo apho kungekho mntu unokufikelela khona, amahlathi ashinyeneyo okucinga akhupha ukubanda okutyhutyha amathambo okanye iindawo ezivulekileyo ezisibeka esichengeni kuzo zonke iintlobo zemozulu embi. Ubukho benziwa bubushushu ubuntu iinkcukacha. Intelekelelo njengenxalenye yombono wethu wehlabathi. Stephen King nguPrometheus wenza umbhali.

Enye yeencwadi zakhe ezilungileyo ...

UMark Twain. Imincili ebalisayo.

USamuel Langshorne Clemens uthathe isigqibo ngenye imini entle yokulandela ubuntatheli. I-pseudonym yakhe iya kuba UMark Twain, kwaye esebenzisa iqonga awayelinikwe yimithombo yeendaba, wachaza (i-pun ejonge) ukucinga kwakhe ngokuchasene nayo yonke into yokuphathwa gadalala koontanga. Kwilizwe elifana ne-United States elalisindwa ngamandla okulwa ubukhoboka ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XNUMX, aluzange luphumelele uvelwano (ndizisa apha ingxelo enomdla yokupheliswa kwezinto e-United States, uloliwe ongaphantsi komhlaba).

Ke uMark Twain wamisa ubuntatheli kwaye wagxila kuncwadi, apho wayeza kuphelela ekubeni yenye yeembekiselo zabo bonke ababhali abatsha kwilizwe lakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe obanzi, oquka konke usebenze njengomsitho wezizukulwana ezizayo zababhali abatsha (njengoko naye wayeqonda UWilliam Faulkner ngamaxesha athile).

Kodwa ngelixa umsebenzi wakhe olungileyo kunye nomtsalane wamnika uzuko olukhulayo kunye nodumo eUnited States, ilifa lakhe lawela imida lasasazeka kwihlabathi liphela. Kungenxa yokuba uMark Twain wayenesidima, esinqabileyo kwiintsuku zethu, sokudibanisa ulutsha kunye neenoveli zabantu abadala kwakuloo msebenzi. Ndiyifumene Iintlanga zikaTom Sawyer kwelinye icala kunye nezo zeHuckleberry Finn kwelinye ziya kufikelela kwindalo yonke kwintsimi yeeleta. Ayimangalisi into yokuba ingqondo ekwaziyo ukuhlanganisana ngolo hlobo ivelise indibaniselwano ebalisayo ethe yaqalisa iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendidi.

Ngelishwa, iminyaka yokugqibela kaMark Twain yajika yaba lusizi olunzulu. Asiyondalo ukusinda emntwaneni, khawufane ucinge ukuba inokuba buhlungu kangakanani na into yokuba kwenzeke kubantwana abathathu kwabane. Umhlolokazi kunye nokudabuka okuphindaphindayo kunye nokudanisa, uTwain waphela phakathi kokugqibela kunye nokuqaphela iimvakalelo zelizwe lonke. Apha ndikuphathela ivolyum enamabali akhe amnandi:

Isaac Asimov. ubunzulu obufikelelekayo.

Kwaye siza kwelona bali libalaseleyo leNzululwazi: Isaac Asimov. Sele ndithethile malunga nababhali ezakudala ziyathanda huxley o IBradbury, Abakhuseli abakhulu beentsomi zedystopi, sifikelela kubukrelekrele obalima yonke into kolu hlobo lwe-scifi, anyuselwa ezibingelelweni ngamanye amaxesha kwaye ethukwa ngabaculi boncwadi ngamanye amaxesha.

Nantsi enye yezinto zakhe zamva nje isiseko setriloji ebalulekileyo. Uhlelo olunika umdla luzotywe kakuhle...

UAsimov wayesele echaza iindlela ngenxa yoqeqesho lwezifundo zakhe, apho waphumelela khona ugqirha kwi-biochemistry. Iziseko zesayensi zokucingisisa zazingasweleki kubukrelekrele baseRussia obuvela eBrooklyn.

Ngaphambi kokuguqula amashumi amabini, UAsimov wayesele epapashe amanye amabali akhe phakathi kwento emnandi kunye nenzululwazi kwiimagazini (incasa yebali awayeyisasaza kubomi bakhe bonke kwaye banikezele ngengqungquthela)

Umsebenzi wakhe obanzi kakhulu (ukwahluka ngenxa yokuba wenza ubuqhetseba, ezembali kwaye kunjalo, imisebenzi yokufundisa), unike okuninzi, ekubeni ngumdlalo bhanyabhanya owamkela kakhulu izindululo zakhe. Uninzi lwe Iifilimu ezilungileyo kakhulu ze-cifi esizibonileyo kwiscreen esikhulu sithwala isitampu sakhe.

Truman Capote. ubuqaqawuli nethunzi lomphefumlo.

Truman Capote Yiyo Umbhali onesitampu sokuvelisa, Ndiphantse ndathi ukubekwa ibala, njengaso nasiphi na isitampu okanye ileyibheli evunyelweyo ngaphandle kohlaziyo olunokwenzeka. Kuyenzeka ukuba utyekelo lwethu lwendalo kwiqela, ukunxulumana, uphawu kunye nelebheli ngokungathi yonke into iyimveliso iphelela ekunciphiseni zonke iintlobo zobuchule bokuyila okanye bokuzoba. Zimbi kodwa ziyinyani.

Akufuneki kubekho izizukulwana ze-noséqué okanye ukutyekela kwe-noséquánto. Kodwa ke ... ndiphuma kwisihloko Truman Capote ngokungqongqo malunga nomsebenzi wakhe (mhlawumbi yayiyindlela yakhe yokubhukuqa eyandikhokelela kule ramble yokugqibela).

Inqaku lelokuba uTruman wakudala olungileyo yayilophawu olufunwayo, ewe. Iinoveli zakhe, iimbali zentlalo zokwenyani (zombini kukukhanya kokutyeba kunye neyona nto imbi kwaye imbi kwelinye icala loluntu), yenza umgxeki wamnyusela ezibingelelweni okanye wamqwenga. Phakathi komnye nomnye bagqibela ngokuyila intsomi ngakumbi. Apha ngezantsi kwesidlo sakusasa sakhe sasentsomini eTiffany's...

Ernest Hemingway. ipeni yenziwe ibrashi.

Phila ukuyibhala. Isenokuba sisiphumo salo mbhali ubalaseleyo wenkulungwane yama-XNUMX. Ernest Hemingway Wayengumoya ongazinzanga othanda ukuhlala ubomi kwiziselo ezinde, kuyo yonke imiphetho kunye namathuba. Ukusuka ekubhaleni ngesandla kukaHemingway, ezona ntsomi zigqwesileyo kwiziganeko ezininzi zehlabathi zelo nkulungwane yesiphithiphithi zenziwa XX edlulile phakathi kweemfazwe, uguquko, izinto ezinkulu, iimfazwe ezibandayo kunye nomqondiso wokuqala wobumbano kunye nolwazi lwezendalo kugqatso lomhlaba oluqhubeka nanamhlanje.

Ayikuko ukuba uHemingway ngumbhali jikelele wayo yonke into eyenzekileyo kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini, kodwa into engathandabuzekiyo kukuba ukubonakaliswa kwabalinganiswa bakhe ababhaptizwe kuzo zonke iintlobo zeemeko kumenza abe ngumbalisi ophumeleleyo kwisitshixo esiyintsomi sokudlula komntu. ngenxa yeli hlabathi.

Joyce Carol Oates. quintessential suspense.

Utitshala woncwadi uhlala efihla umbhali onokubakho. Ukuba umba weeleta ngowobugcisa, wonke umntu othanda ezi ugqibela ngokuzama ukuphinda ababhali ababathandayo, abo imisebenzi yabo bazama ukuyifaka kubafundi. Kwindaba ye UJoyce Carol OatesAkwenzeki ukuba achaze indlela aqhuba ngayo njengotitshala woLwimi noNcwadi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba naye unesidanga, ubugqirha kunye ne-Master kwisifundo solwimi kunye nobona bugcisa bokwakha ngokutsha (uncwadi).

Ke ngobuhle, ngolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza siyifumana UJoyce ubhala enolwazi olupheleleyo ngezibakala. Kodwa ke, ukuba akayithandi imvelaphi, ngekhe afikelele apho akhoyo, engumbhali owaziwayo kwihlabathi liphela. Apha ngezantsi ndibonisa inoveli edumileyo ka-Oates apho imuvi malunga noMarilyn weNetflix yayisekwe kuyo...

Charles Bukowski. inyani ngaphezu kokungcola.

U-Bukowski ngumbhali ongenantlonelo ngokugqwesa, umbhali weencwadi ze-visceral ezisasaza i-bile kuzo zonke iindawo zoluntu (uxolo ukuba "kwakubonakalayo"). Ngaphaya kokusondela kule ngcaphephe ngophendlo lwe-intanethi olunje nge «Charles Bukowski amabinzana»Ngayo ukufumana imibono yakhe yobomi, ukufundwa kokugqibela kwemisebenzi yakhe bubomi obuhlaza obufakwe emthanjeni.

Ngenxa yokuba Charles Bukowski Wayengumbhali onoburharha othe ngenye imini wagqiba kwelokuba abhale into awayeyifuna eyathi yaphela isenza isiqwenga sabafundi abaphela bemnqula ngenxa yemvukelo yakhe, ngenxa yempembelelo yakhe ekhohlakeleyo kunye nendlela yakhe yokuphinda aqwalasele ubomi obubi phantsi kweprism ye ezihlekisayo eyimbumba.

Uncwadi lufuna amanani anje ngalo mbhali azibophelele kwinto engekhoyo, ukukhanyela, ukuvukela ngenxa nje yawo, ukunganyaniseki. Kwaye nangona konke oku, Abalinganiswa bakaBukowski banikela ngamagqabantshintshi obuntu xa ngamaxesha ngamaxesha bavuma ukuba nabo baziva, bephakamisa ezo mvakalelo ukuya phezulu, njengomntu otshicela esibhakabhakeni kwaye ngokungenaloyiko ulindele impendulo enokwenzeka evela kwisibhakabhaka esizolileyo kwaye ephantsi kwe-inertia ... Ezantsi apha enye ukuba kum ngumsebenzi wokuqalisa kuye nabani na ofuna ukusondela eBukowski kunye nezizathu zakhe zokubhala kunye neengxoxo zakhe zokwenza ngendlela engafanelekanga.

UPatricia Highsmith. ubuchule ngobuninzi.

Uhlobo lwamapolisa luya kuhlala lubhekisa kwisinye UPatricia Highsmith. Umbhali waseMelika wadala Omnye wabalinganiswa abathandekayo, abakhohlakeleyo nabanovelwano kwimveliso yonke yohlobo: UTom Ripley. Kwaye kwakungekho kwilizwe lakowabo apho umlinganiswa kuthethwa ngaye wamkelwa ngcono.

Ngandlela thile, umbhali uphakamise uninzi lwemisebenzi yakhe ngakumbi ngokuhambelana ne-idiosyncrasy yaseYurophu ngakumbi, ethambekele ngakumbi ekuhlekiseni nasekuhlekiseni okwenziwe kuzo zonke iintlobo, kubandakanya amapolisa, nokuba inyulu kangakanani na. Kwaye iYurophu yaphela iyamkela ngezandla ezishushu.

Nangona le mpumelelo ikwanento yokwenza nokukhutshwa kweelebheli ezithile zaseMelika ezithi endaweni ethile zilahle isigwebo esixakayo kodwa umbhali wezithandani, othanda ukusela, okwaziyo ukujongana nemixholo yobufanasini ezincwadini zakhe nangona ibiphantsi kweligama .. ., Kwaye oku eMelika phakathi kwinkulungwane yamashumi amabini zange kwamkelwe ngokupheleleyo.

Ngaphandle kokujolisa inxalenye enkulu yomsebenzi wakhe kuTom Ripley, akukho nto inokuthiya uninzi lwezinye iincwadi zakhe apho uTom othile engenguye umlinganiswa. Ngapha koko, iinoveli zakhe zokuqala ngaphandle kwakhe zibonakala zigqibelele ngakumbi, ngaphandle kwaloo nqaku le-serial apho lonke ikhonkco leenoveli ezine-protagonist enye zihlala zifumana. Apha ngezantsi omnye wemisebenzi yakhe ekhethekileyo ...

UDavid Foster Wallace. ukuncothula njengengqwalasela.

Kusenokubakho intsomi. Njengakwiklabhu ye-27 kumculo. Into kukuba ukufunda uDavid Foster Wallace kunento yentlekele ethathwe kwi-delirium, ukugqithisa, nokuba yimpambano. Ubunzulu obuvela ekungathandini okukhokelela kwipharodi ezaliswe yimpoxo. I-Satires yalowo uzibona eyedwa kwaye unokungqina ngoncwadi lwakhe ukungaqhelekanga kwehlabathi.

Ngaphandle kokuba ngumfuziselo eUnited States, ukufika komsebenzi we UDavid Foster Wallace ukuya eSpeyin yaveliswa njengohlobo lokuqondwa emva kokufa kwentsomi. Kungenxa yokuba uDavid wayedandathekile ukususela ebutsheni bakhe de kwayimihla yakhe yokugqibela, xa ukuzibulala kwaphela eneminyaka engama-46 ubudala. Iminyaka engafanelekanga yesiphelo apho i-echoes kunye nokuchasana kwengqondo yesiphiwo kunye nokudala, kodwa kwangaxeshanye ixhomekeke enzonzobileni yentshabalalo, iguqulwa ngokumangalisayo ibe nomdla omkhulu kumsebenzi.

Ngo-2009 i Iincwadi zikaDavid Foster Wallace Baqala uhambo lwabo ngeenxalenye zehlabathi ababengazange bafikelele kuzo ngaphambili, bezitya bephela kude kube lelo xesha kwimarike yaseMelika apho isindululo sabo sasibunjwe njengombhalo onomdla wabalinganiswa abanzulu abangene kwi-maelstrom yanamhlanje.

Izihloko ezahlukeneyo ukusuka kwezemidlalo ukuya kwimithombo yeendaba zikamabonwakude okanye uphononongo oluqhelekileyo lwephupha laseMelika. Ukufika eSpain kwenziwa okokuqala kwiindlela zobuso bakhe njengombalisi wamabali kwaye emva koko ngobunzima obupheleleyo beyona misebenzi yakhe ifanelekileyo. UWallace, ngaphandle kweemeko zakhe ezibuhlungu ngakumbi ngokwekhemikhali, wayengenguye umbhali olawulwa luhlobo oluthile lokuphelelwa lithemba oluphawu lwesigulo sakhe okanye amayeza akhe.

Hayi ubuncinci kwinto eqhelekileyo Ukuziphatha kwentlekele enokuvela kubabhali abanjengo Bukowski o UEmil Cioran, ukubiza ngababini abangenathemba. Endaweni yoko, sifumana ezincwadini zakhe ngokuchaseneyo, ngenjongo yokwakha oonobumba abacacileyo kunye nembali ngamanye amaxesha kwiindlela ezingekhoyo ezivuselela uburharha kunye nokudideka ngokungacacanga.

I-Utopias kunye ne-dystopias ehlasela inyani eguqukileyo, abalinganiswa abathandabuza ukwakhiwa kwehlabathi elibangqongileyo okanye abavumela ubukho babo bugubungele. Injongo ebalulekileyo malunga nenyani ngokwayo ngendlela ebalaseleyo esasaza ubukrelekrele, njengokubhala okuzenzekelayo okuhlaziywayo kwabhalwa kamva kukhangelwa intsingiselo eya kuthi nje ukuba ifumanise impoxo yemeko yethu yobuntu njengoko isenzela ukuba singene kwindawo apho intsomi izaliswe khona. yeesimboli ezahlula ihlabathi libe ziinxalenye.

UDavid Foster Wallace ngumbali wehlabathi elidliwe liphupha. Kwaye sele kwaziwa ukuba emaphupheni sihamba sihlekisa sisoyika okanye sinqwenela ukukruquka ukusuka kwimeko enye ukuya kolandelayo.

U-Edgar Allan Poe. ukuqhuma okumangalisayo.

Imfutshane kodwa ibukhali, ayiqhelekanga kupapasho lwayo kodwa ngobunzulu obuntsokothileyo phakathi kokumangalisayo kunye nokukhohlisa. Ngababhali abathile awusoze wazi apho inyani iphela kwaye ilivo liqala. U-Edgar Allan Poe ngumbhali oqalekisiweyo oqalekisiweyo. Uqalekisiwe kungengokwengqondo yangoku yekota kodwa kunentsingiselo enzulu ye umphefumlo wakhe ulawulwa zihogo ngotywala nangempambano.

Kodwa ... luphi uncwadi ngaphandle kwempembelelo yalo? I-Hells yindawo enomdla yokuyila apho uPoe kunye nabanye ababhali abaninzi behla bekhuthazwa, beshiya iziqwenga zesikhumba kunye neziqwenga zomphefumlo wabo ngolunye uhlobo olutsha.

Kwaye zikhona iziphumo ... imibongo, amabali, amabali. Ukuphola kwiimvakalelo phakathi kobuqhetseba kunye neemvakalelo zelizwe elinogonyamelo, elinoburharha, zilele yonke intliziyo e-ethe. Ubumnyama ngesihombiso sephupha kunye negeza, i-lyricism ye-out-of-tune violin kunye namazwi aphuma ngaphesheya kwengcwaba avusa ii-echoes ezithandekayo. Ukufa kufihlwe njengevesi okanye iprozi, ukudanisa i-carnival yayo kwingcinga yomfundi ongoyikiyo.

Elungileyo Ukudityaniswa kweyona ilungileyo yePoe, inkosi ye loyiko, singayifumana kule meko inkulu kubathandi bobungqondi: