Mabhuku matatu akanakisa naYuval Noah Harari

Iyo Nhoroondo seinofungidzirwa sainzi zvakare ine zvikamu zvekuchorwa kunosimbiswa zvakare nenyaya yekuti, chaizvo munyori wenhoroondo akafanana harari yakabuda semumwe wevanonyanya kuzivikanwa vanyori vezvino pakubuda uye nzira dzebudiriro yedu. Nekuti Harari inofamba pakati pechokwadi, hongu, asi inozununguka kuti iwane michero mitsva yekuvakira kuziva kwakawanda.

Pasina mubvunzo munyori uyu asingatombo pfuuri makumi mana akagona kurova kiyi yekushambadzira kwemidhiya uye kufunga kwehungwaru kubvira kuvhurwa kweiyo Nhoroondo nehunyanzvi uyo inofumura nzira dzakasimbiswa kwazvo mukushoropodza kunoongorora uye kufungidzira kwekuparadzira zvinangwa kupa pfungwa nyowani ine chekuita nemavambo edu, mavambo ekushanduka-shanduka akatitora pano tisina kutonga zvinhu zvakaita semukana.

Chaizvoizvo kusvika kweruzivo kwakavakirwa kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzinozvinyudza mukati mavambo ebudiriro yedu uye iwo akapatsanurana anowirirana ezvikamu zveanthropology zvinonzwisiswa sesainzi inobatanidza zvakaita kuti Harari ave mumwe wevanonyanya kutariswa nyanzvi mukutsvaga makiyi ezve zvatiri kuvaka.

Asi chii chakanyanya kufadza Vaverengi veHarari Icho chikamu chayo chakanyanya kuperera, icho chinoenderera mberi ichifunga kuti chii chekushanduka-shanduka uye chii chingave chiripo mukufunga kwazvino senhaka yekupedzisira yekufambira mberi kwakawanda, kukakavara, mabhindauko uye kunyangwe yehuzivi umo zvitendero zvinoedza kutsigira. inogona kupinzwa.nzvimbo dzakanyanya dzemunhu. Harari akatonyora mabhuku akawanda, asi pane matatu anga achiwedzera mukurumbira wake pasi rose.

Wepamusoro matatu Akakurudzirwa Mabhuku naJuval Noah Harari

Sapiens. Kubva kumhuka kusvika kuna vamwari

Musoro webhuku iri uchangobva kutongerwa "nhoroondo pfupi yevanhu." Munyori akatodonhedza kubva muchiwedzero ichi chinangwa chake chekujekeserwa, akananga kududziro yepfungwa inogona kuiswa muzvidzidzo zvakawandisa.

Asi mubvunzo urikutsvaira kuti kuburitswa uku kuitwe kwevaraidzo yekufananidzira. Isu tanga tichangobva kutaura nezve iro bhuku «Yekupedzisira Neanderthal»Rinovhura rinotarisa iwo mazuva erima ekupedzisira ekushanduka kukuru kwemarudzi edu. Uye Antonio Perez Henares akanyora saga rake panyaya iyi.

Sapiens vari mumafashoni uye Harari inounza iro rechokwadi divi raunogona kusvika kwauri kusvika kuti ugare pasi rino. Iyo vhoriyamu ichiri imwezve dudziro, asi ndizvo chaizvo maitiro aHariari nehungwaru zvinoita kuti basa iri rive rimwe remisimboti yeiyo hunyanzvi hwekududzira izvo mudzidzi wese wekare anofanirwa kuve nazvo sekureva.

Sapiens ndiko kutanga kwezvese, kubva kwaari takasvika pamusanganiswa wazvino uye zvichibva pamisiyano yavo yekushanduka-shanduka magumo edu anogona kunyorwa. Kukunda kunoratidzika sechimwe chezvivakwa, chokwadi chekusiyanisa chakabvumira maSapiens ekutanga kukunda pamusoro pevamwe vanhu uye kusvika nhasi wedu uye fungidziro dzemangwana redu. Chete kuti chikamu ichi chekuvandudza chakavakirwa pazvinhu zvisingawanzo kurumbidzwa: vavariro, chishuwo chakaitwa kuti chigadziriswe ...

Zvese izvi hazviwanzoenderana neyakanaka yerufaro yaifambawo sezvatakawana ruzivo. Zvatiri uye zvatinouya kuzoita nenyika ino zvakanyatsobatanidzwa kune avo protomen vakakwanisa kutonga pamusoro penyika makumi ezviuru zvemakore apfuura.

Sapiens. Kubva kumhuka kusvika kuna vamwari

21 zvidzidzo zvezana ramakumi maviri nemasere

Pasina kupokana, zvinyorwa zvakadudzwa mubhuku rake rekare rinonzi Sapiens, iro rakapararira somoto wesango munyika yose, rakanyandura fariro yakanyanyisa mukukosha kwomufungo iwoyo mukutarisana nechimiro chedu chazvino chebudiriro. Matambudziko atinotarisana nawo ane mukurumbira anobva pakuti tingagona sei kupaka motokari, kusvika padanho rinonzwisisika, vavariro yedu.

Nekuti muzvizhinji zvatinoda kuzadzikisa dzimwe nguva zvinonongedzera kuzvinhu zvisina maturo, kuzvisina maturo, kurumbidzo rwekusakosha kwepfuma. Uye ndiko kupokana kuri pachena pane izvo zvatinga tarirwa nemhedzisiro apo kusvetuka kweSapiens kwakawanikwa sesimba rehungwaru kurwisa simba.

Edza kujekesa kuti isu tiri vazhinji sei kupfuura zvatiri. Nekuti mune iri basa chikamu chikuru chekunyengera kunoonekwa kuti vazhinji vamwe vafungi vakatofungidzira, kubva Malthus vakakwira George Orwell. Vanyori vatinovimba navo zvishoma pane Adam Smith uyo, saMesiya mutsva, akazivisa kuti hupfumi hwenyika mumaoko echishuwo hwaive hwakanyanya masisitimu.

Handizivi kana zviri zvekushoropodza kusununguka kwehupfumi, asi mumvuri waro, wakatambanudzwa pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaita se-post-chokwadi, masirogani emufaro, maitiro maviri, kusaenzana kwehupfumi pakati penyika imwe neimwe mukati menyika imwe chete uye kunyange kutya kwakaiswa. kunzwisisa kuti iyo inofungidzirwa kugara zvakanaka inopihwa inogona kunge iri panjodzi.

21 zvidzidzo zvezana ramakumi maviri nemasere

Homo Deus

Chibviro icho vaGiriki vakatizivisa kuna vanamwari, kuda kusingabviri kwekusingaperi kwakamira sechinhu chisina maturo chikurusa chemunhu. Nzira yekusafa isu pachedu sevamwari vatsva ndeyekuunganidza zvimwe zvinhu, kubudirira, kusiya chiratidzo chedu munyika iri kuwedzera yemakwikwi. Zvekare zvakare basa iri rinotanga kubva mumhirizhonga huru yeSapiens.

Sezvatakaona muchikamu chayo, iyo nhoroondo ye "ipfupi nhoroondo yevanhu" iyo basa rakatemerwa yakapa zvakawanda. Uye zvimwe zvese zviteedzero zvinoramba zvichipa hupfumi hunodzidzisa hwemunyori asingagumi.

Muchiitiko ichi isu tinotaura nezveramangwana, kuguma kwerufu uye kugarisana nehungwaru hwakagadzirwa mumufananidzo wedu uye kufanana, chete nealgorithmic fungidziro inokunda zvatisingakwanisi uye inoguma yatonga isu, kugadzirisa kuda kwedu. Kutaura nezveramangwana kwagara kuri pfungwa inosuruvarisa iyo yakazokundwa muzvidzidzo zvakapfuura kuita zviyero zvisingagoneke. Nemamwe mashoko, tagara tichikwanisa kuzvikunda.

Asi panguva ino zvinoita sekuti angave ari serious. Nebasa riri mumaoko emaotomatiki akapihwa hungwaru hwakazara hunogona kuzviratidza sechinhu chinovhiringidza chekushanduka kwedu. Zvichida kusika uye zvehunhu, sechinhu chinosiyanisa, ndiyo yekupedzisira kupotera ...

Homo Deus

Mamwe mabhuku anokurudzirwa naYuval Noah Harari

Nexus: Nhoroondo pfupi yeruzivo network kubva padombo zera kusvika kuAI

Harari haitye pfungwa yekuda chinzvimbo, yekupofumadza lucidity kana tarisiro yaiswa pane zvinopokana zvehunhu. Kushuvira kukusingaperi kwakavimbiswa kuti zvishoma nezvishoma zvinotaridzika zvakanyanya semumvuri, kunzwisisa zero chikonzero chezvinenge zvese ... Uye zvakadaro chinhu chine runako rwacho. Kune zvakasara zvekusava nechokwadi zvingasara, pakusvika kwemafungiro ekare ayo anochengetedza chokwadi uye kushumira kwekare kune mamwe marudzi emaitiro asina musoro.

MuNexus, Harari inotarisa vanhu kubva pakuona kwakafara kwenhoroondo kuti vaongorore magadzirirwo akaitwa netiweki yeruzivo uye kusagadzira nyika yedu. Kwemakore 100.000 apfuura, isu sapien takaunganidza simba guru. Asi, kunyangwe zvese zvakawanikwa, zvigadzirwa uye kubudirira, isu takatarisana nedambudziko riripo: nyika iri padanho rekuparara kwezvakatipoteredza, ruzivo rwenhema rwakazara uye isu tiri kurwadza takananga kuzera reAI. imhuka dzinozviparadza here?

Tichitora pamhando inonakidza yemienzaniso yenhoroondo, kubva kuStone Age, kuburikidza neBhaibheri, kusvika pakuvhimwa kwevaroyi vemazuva ano, kusvika kuStalinism neNazism, kusvika pakutangazve kwepopulism nhasi, Harari inotipa hurongwa hunozivisa kuti tiongorore hukama hwakaoma huripo. pakati peruzivo nechokwadi, hutungamiri nengano, nehuchenjeri nesimba.

Inoongorora kuti nzanga dzakasiyana nehurongwa hwezvematongerwo enyika vakashandisa sei ruzivo kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvavo uye kumanikidza kurongeka, kune zvirinani uye zvakaipa. Uye inomutsa zvisarudzo zvokukurumidzira zvatinangana nazvo nhasi, apo ungwaru husiri hwomunhu hunotyisidzira kuvapo kwedu chaiko.

Ruzivo harwusi musimboti unoshanda wechokwadi; kana chombowo zvacho. Nexus inoongorora tariro yepakati pakati pekunyanyisa uku.

Isingamisiki: Diary yekuti takakunda sei Nyika

Panguva ino, mhindumupindu ingasava chinhu chokudada nacho. Zvave zvichiratidzwa kuti zvedu hazvisi zvekuona zvenguva refu. Uye sezvo nyika yebhuruu inorasikirwa neruvara, nyaya yehungwaru seyakanyanya kukosha, inomira kuita pfungwa. Asi pane dzimwe nguva apo zvinhu zvose zvakaratidza zvakanaka mukati memutemo wechisikigo usingaendi nehafu yezviyero maererano nekusarudza uye kutonga ...

Waizviziva here kuti vanhu vose vane simba guru? Kubva kuSavannah yeAfrica kusvika kune polar ice caps yeGreenland, isu vanhu tinotonga pasi. Asi isu tazviwana sei? Shumba dzine simba kutipfuura, ma dolphin anoshambira zviri nani, uye isu hatina mapapiro!

Kuburikidza nerwendo urwu rwunonakidza rwemamiriyoni emakore, iwe uchaona kuti iri simba guru chii chinoita kuti tisamisikike. Ndiani akati nhoroondo yevanhu yaifinha? Dwarfs, hofori nyoka, Mweya weShumba huru, chigunwe chemusikana akararama makore 50.000 XNUMX apfuura ... Ziva zvakavanzika zvemabviro evanhu uye tsvaga mune epic uye chaiyo adventure: yedu, iyo yevanhu vose.

Kusamira: Diary yekuti takakunda sei Nyika
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