Mune zvinyorwa zveRussia tinowana yakazara yakasarudzika yevanyori vepasirese. Pakati pe Chekhov, Dostoevsky, wepanguva yake Tolstoy uye zvake Gorky vakakwanisa kunyora nyaya uye enganonyorwa dzakasvika padanho repamusoro mabasa enhoroondo yepasirese. Ivo vese, neimwe nzira, vakanyora kuburikidza nebasa ravo rese fungidziro yekusaenzana kusingaenzanisike munyika yakagadziriswa shanduko yezvehupfumi, zvematongerwo enyika nekudzika uye kunyangwe kugadziriswa kwetsika kana kwechitendero.
Zvinocherechedzwa kuti nguva dzakaoma dzaigara muRussia pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechigumi nemaviri, dzaigona kufadza rondedzero yakasimba, yakatsoropodza, yemanzwiro, yakanyanyisa muhunhu hwevanhu hwenhamo, yakawedzera mukuda kwekuda kupa izwi kune nyika yakanyaradzwa ne Tsarism mune yekutanga chiitiko uye neyemutsiridzo gare gare.
Munyaya ye Maxim Gorky, neruzivo rwake Amai izvo zvakafanana zvinoitika kuna Dostoevsky neUtsotsi uye Kurangwa kana Tolstoy neHondo uye Runyararo. Izvo zvaive zvekutaura nyaya kuburikidza nevanyori vaigona kusanganisa manzwiro evanhu vakarangwa kare uye mweya yavo yaigara kutya, kusimba uye tariro yechimurenga icho pakupedzisira chakatonyanyisa, nekuti apo chikara chinoda chimwe chikara kuguma chakundwa, simba rinopedzisira rave iwo wega mutemo unobva mukukonana.
Saka zvishoma zviitiko zvekunyora zvakanyanyisa kupfuura kuverenga kwevavaridzi veRussia.Muchiitiko chaGorky, anogara aine chirevo chekurevererwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, zvisinei nekuti kubva pakutanga kwake pamwe naLennin uye kudzokera kudivi raStalin, hapana mubvunzo kuti vaimiririra kumuka kune hazvigoneke shanduko mune pfungwa yake yaakatora nechido. Kune avo vanoti mumazuva ake ekupedzisira akatambura munyama yake kudzvinyirirwa kwaStalin kwaakange asina imwe nzira yekuzvibata asi kutarisana nayo ...
Wepamusoro matatu akakurudzira enganonyorwa naMáximo Gorki
Amai
Sezvatinoziva, nzanga yeRussia yakaiswa mukusagadzikana kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika mukati mezana ramakore rechiXNUMX nerechiXNUMX. Nyika huru yaive yave nzvimbo yekuberekesa yeMarxism yakatarisana neumbozha uye kusagadzikana kwehutongi hwevaTsars.
Ehezve, vanhu vaitambura zvakanyanya kubva mukukonana kupi nepi ndivo vanhu vacho. Uye kubva kuguta iro mufananidzo wamai wenyaya iyi unozvarwa, pamwe amai vevanaamai vese, vane huremu hwakawanda kupfuura amai vaMwari pachavo. Pelagia anogara achitya, mweya wake unozviisa pasi pekutyisa kwemurume wake uye zvematongerwo enyika.
Asi kana murume wake afa, Pelagia anomuka pakuziva ikoko kuti kutya kungori pfungwa yekuzvibata iyo inogona kurohwa kana iwe uchifungidzira kuti hapana chinhu chinogona kukuvadza kupfuura kufa muhupenyu.
Mwanakomana wake Pavel anonzwawo rusununguko rwababa uye anotanga kuratidzira achipesana nemafungiro mazhinji nekushaikwa kwerusununguko. Siberia inova yekupedzisira nzvimbo yekuenda uko amai nemwanakomana vanotarisana nekuvapo pakati pekushungurudzika kwekurwadziwa kwepanyama uye kusunungurwa kwehondo yavo yavasina kukahadzika ichakura kuita chimwe chinhu chiri nani.
Vasina pekugara
Gorky zvakare, seshamwari yake Chekhov, akarima iyo nyaya nechinangwa chekuwedzera maonero kune akasiyana nyaya neyakajairika kumberi kwekusarongeka, kirasi misiyano, nzara, kutya, kutonhora uye kushatisa kwehukama hwevanhu hwakawanda.
Panyaya yaGorki, zvizhinji zvezvakanyorwa zvine chekuita nezvimwe zviitiko zvehurombo. Mhando dzakasiyana dzinounganidza akawanda masampuli eiri rondedzero basa kune pfupi.
Kunyangwe chirevo ichi chisinga svike pakubwinya kweChekhov, inokwanisa kudedera mune yayo ipfupi nyaya, ichokwadi kuti inopa humwe huchokwadi husina kuchena kubva kwahwo hunotipa isu nerudo chinhu icho vanokundwa vanongofanira kukunda ...
Mallow
Rudo rwakadzoreredzwa kune iyo inosiririsa uye yemitambo manzwiro eRussia pakutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. NaGorki anowanzoita hyperrealism, akatsunga kurondedzera zvese zvakadzama uye nemanzwiro ese ekushandura chiitiko chega chega kuita chinguva chakazara mukufungidzira kwemuverengi, Malva, mukadzi ane baba nemwanakomana vanodanana, anotambanuka kuburikidza nenyaya neutsva hwe yakapusa uye isingakoshese rudo nepo hunhu hwevadikani vavo hwakasviba, kusvika panogumira pfungwa dzekuti zvinogona patricide zvioneke muchirongwa seyega sarudzo yekugadzirisa.
Nekuti murume murudo anokwanisa kutarisana nezvose kuti ave nemukadzi iyeye. kusurukirwa uye kuora mwoyo.
