Kune vanyori vanohwanda kuseri kwemabasa avo akanakisa. Ndiyo nyaya ye Aldous Huxley. Nyika inofara, rakabudiswa muna 1932, asi riine hunhu husingachinji, ibhuku riya reunyanzvi iro muverengi wese anoziva uye anokoshesa. A Transcendental sainzi ngano inoverengeka inopinda mune zvemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika, mumaonero aitove akaitwa pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 pamusoro pekuti budiriro yevanhu ingavei semugumisiro wehurongwa hwayo hunowedzera uye husingasvikike hwemagariro evanhu vazhinji venhengo dzayo.
Kukodzera kwemunhu muhunhu huripo, mumutemo unoenderana uye muhurongwa hwesangano hunorongwa hunogara hwakaoma. Munhu, anogara achipokana nemasikirwo, haakwanisi kuzviisa pasi pezvisungo zvechigarire, kunze kwekunge vatungamiriri vachikwanisa kuwana mhedzisiro, hunyengeri, zano rekuti tiise pasi tese.
Uye kumashure muzana ramakumi maviri, vanyori vakaita saHuxley iye kana George Orwell ivo vakasimudza izvo zvavaitarisira kune ramangwana redystopi, vakaiswa munhau uye post-chokwadi. Mazuva ano, kwete kazhinji tinozviona takanyura mune iro ramangwana iro redu razvino, rakazadzikiswa sechiporofita chekuzvizadzisa chakaburitswa nevanyori vakaita savava vaviri vakapfuura uye vamwe vakapinda musainzi yezvematongerwo enyika.
3 akakosha enganonyorwa naAldous Huxley
Nyika inofara
Hazvaigona kudaro. Munzvimbo yekutanga mune ino munyori chinzvimbo uye pamwe mukati mechero nzvimbo yakawedzera kudzika yezana remakore rechi20 mabhuku. Kana iwe uchinzwa kushushikana, tora dosi ye soma uye gadzirisa kufunga kwako kune mufaro waunopihwa nehurongwa.
Zvekuti iwe haugone kuzvizadzisa iwe mune yakashatiswa nyika, tora kaviri dosi yesoma uye nyika inozopedzisira yakumbundira iwe mune yakasarudzika kurota kwekusiyana. Mufaro waisambove chero chinhu kunze kwekugadziriswa kwemakemikari. Zvese zvinoitika zvakakukomberedza chirongwa chinofungidzirwa chakajairwa nemazano ekutanga pakati pestoicism, nihilism uye kemikari hedonism ...
Iyo inoverengeka inotsanangura nyika umo zvakafanotaurwa zvakaipisisa zvakazadzikiswa: vamwari vekushandisa uye nyaradzo kukunda, uye orb yakarongedzwa kuita gumi anotaridzika uye akachengeteka nzvimbo. Nekudaro, ino nyika yakabaira zvakakosha zvehunhu hwevanhu, uye vagari vayo vakaberekwazve mu vitro mumufananidzo uye yakafanana nekereke mutsara.
Chitsuwa
Pfungwa inoputika yeNyika Itsva Yakashinga, kuratidzwa kwayo kunoshamisa uye kushamisa kwemagariro anofanirwa kugara akaiswa mukufungidzira kwemunyori. Kudzokorora basa guru hakugoni kuva nyore, saka zviri nani kuti usakundwa nepfungwa. Asi Huxley, mukukwana kwemweya wakanaka, akafunga kunyora nezve utopia iyo inogona kupfuura dystopia yebasa rake guru.
Chitsuwa ichi chinomiririra iyo inokwanisika nyika iyo vanhu vanogona kuzvizadzisa uye kufara munguva idzodzo apo hupenyu hunotibvumidza kuti tifare, nepo kudzidza nehungwaru zvichibvira mukusuwa. Chiyero chekuzviziva iwe pachako. Kunyangwe hazvo, achitadza munhu asi asingafarire, Huxley akataurawo mubhuku rino kuti njodzi dzinogara dziripo.
Pachitsuwa cheUtopian chePali, muPacific yokufungidzira, mutori wenhau Will Farnaby anowana chitendero chitsva, upfumi hutsva hwekurima, ruzivo rwezvinhu zvipenyu runokatyamadza, uye rudo runoshamisa rwoupenyu. Izvo chaizvo zvakapesana neNyika Itsva Yakashinga uye Nyika Itsva Yakashinga, chitsuwa ichi chinounza pamwechete zvese zvinotarisisa uye zvinonetsa zvemushakabvu Aldous Huxley, pasina kupokana mumwe wevanyori vane ushingi uye vanonakidza vezana ramakore rechi20.
Kubva pane uyu musiyano, kuratidzwa kwehunhu hunokomberedzwa neFarnaby, hwenyika dzekuMadokero, hunowanikwa nyore uye hunovabvunza. Nhaurirano pakati peichi chitsuwa chisina kujairika uye nyika yekuMadokero inosimbisa, pamusoro pezvose, hupenyu kuMadokero uye njodzi dzinosanganisira izvi kuvanhu.
Nguva inofanira kumira
Kune hupenyu hwakawanda muHuxley kupfuura Science Fiction. Ini ndinotenda chaizvo kuti munyori wese wengano dzesainzi anozopedzisira ave muzivi anogona kufungidzira nezve vanhu vari munyika. Nekuti chokwadi, nyika, cosmos, chimwe chinhu chatisingazive zvachose, uye Sainzi Fiction inogara ichibata nezvinhu zvisingazivikanwe.
Ndokusaka mune ino kesi, isu tinowana rakajeka basa pamunhu wenyama, kukura kwayo, kudzidza kwayo uye pasi rekuzviisa pasi rakagadzirwa needu budiriro. Sebastian Barnac ane makore gumi nemanomwe ekuberekwa. Iye anonyara zvakanyanya, akanaka pwere nemweya wenhetembo, uyo anokurudzira rudo uye hunyoro hwehunhu hwake hwehuhwana. Rimwe zhizha anoenda kuItari uye panguva iyoyo dzidzo yake ichatanga chaizvo.
Bruno Rontini, mutengesi webhuku anonamata anomudzidzisa nezve zvemweya, uye Sekuru Eustace, avo vanomusvitsa kumafaro asina kunaka ehupenyu, vanozove vadzidzisi vake. Asi zvese izvi ingori fungidziro yaAldous Huxley kuti agadzire basa rinoenda mberi zvakanyanya: nganonyorwa yemazano, runyorwa rwevatambi, kutsoropodzwa kwenhoroondo yevanhu uye rwendo rwekuenda kuchokwadi cheicho chisingazivikanwe; novel inofumura hunhu hwevanhu kusvika, mune epilogue, inoratidza, panguva imwe chete, hukuru hwayo hwese nekutambudzika kwayo.
Yakatanga kuburitswa muna 1944 uye ichiongororwa naHuxley pachake senhoroondo yake yakanakisa, Nguva Inofanira Kumira chikamu chendima dzaShakespeare dzakapembererwa uye, kubva pahwindo rinonakidza rema XNUMXs reChirungu, tinoshamiswa nehungwaru hwaHuxley. asi zvakare, uye pamusoro pezvese, zvekuferefeta kwake kunoshamisa mukupokana kwefilosofi yezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, hunhu chaihwo hwekurwadziwa, tariro uye nguva.
