Mabhuku matatu akanakisa naFyodor Dostoyevsky

Hapana munhu angati Dostoevsky akazvipira mumaoko ezvinyorwa nekuda kwevanyori vane rudo. Kana chimwe chinhu chichigona kuiswa mukati mukuru Dostoevskiy Iko kusimba mukati mekunakidzwa kwehunhu hweumwe neumwe neumwe wehunhu hwayo.

Asi zvaive zvechokwadi. Sangano rerudo, iro, kunyangwe hazvo aive atobatwa pakati pekudzokera kwake, raive richiri rakakosha pakuverenga izvo zvakashanda sekudya kwekutanga kwaFyodor.

Chinofanira kunge chakaitika ndechekuti munyori uyu akaona kuti chokwadi chakaoma musoro. Mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma uye kuparara kwevanhu veRussia zvakaguma zvaunza imwe mhando yemamosi aive echokwadi uye akatsunga kunyura mukati mekupedzisira kwemweya.

Zvekunakidzwa kwerondedzero yeaesthetics, zvisinei neizvi, gakava rayo rose rakatora manzwiro ekufinhwa, kushoma kunoratidzwa nevanhu vanotongwa, pamusoro pezvose, nekutya uye nerudzi rwefungidziro yekufa seyo chete mugumo wevanhu vakazvipira kune chikonzero chetsarism. .

Kuwedzera kune icho chinangwa chekuratidzira zvemukati menyika yake uye nekutsvaga mweya wakadzika wevanhu vake, Dostoyevski akatadza kunzvenga hupenyu hwake chaihwo sechinangwa chekunyora. Nekuti chinzvimbo chake chezvematongerwo enyika, chakamboonekwa, uye apo kuzvipira kwake kwekunyora kwaigona kutorwa sekune njodzi, kwakaguma kwave kumutungamira kune mutongo wechibharo muSiberia.

Sezvineiwo akapukunyuka mutongo werufu nokuda kwokurangana uye, pashure pokushanda muuto reRussia sechikamu chechipiri chechirango chake, akakwanisa kunyora zvakare.

3 Yakakurudzira Novels naDostoyevsky

Benzi

Pasina kupokana takatarisana nerimwe remanovhero makuru evatambi. Zvese zvinoitika mubhuku rino zvinoitika kuburikidza nemaonero eava mhedziso protagonists ezvinyorwa zvenyika. Mutambo wakafanana wakaoma kutsanangura muchimiro cherondedzero yechinyakare uye, zvisinei, inopindirana yose inoguma yave kugadzira mepu isingayereki yepfungwa dzevanhu, yemanzwiro uye kufunga kunoguma kwatifambisa tose.

Munhu anoratidzwa nekukakavadzana, kurasikirwa, kuora mwoyo, anopedzisira aenda mukati make, achiona gehena rake uye chokwadi chekupedzisira chekuvapo. Dai Dostoyevsky anga ari chiremba wepfungwa, angangodaro akagadzirisa chirwere ichi mukutarisa kwemurwere, muzviratidzo zvake, mumakumbo ake. Tsananguro dzevatambi vemunovhero iyi ndedzechokwadi hadziwanikwe nechimwe chinyoreso.

Pfupiso: Yakanyorwa mukati memakore apo Fyodor M. Dostoyevski (1821-1881) akatenderera muEurope achishungurudzwa nevakakwereta, vanorwara nevanoshaya, "Idiot" (1868) hapana mubvunzo kuti ndeimwe yemakomo ezvinyorwa.

Iro bhuku, iro budiriro inotenderera nepfungwa yekumiririra archetype yekukwana kwetsika, ine Prince Myshkin semutambi wayo - hunhu hunofananidzwa muchimiro naRaskolnikov muMhosva uye Kuranga kana Stavrogin mu "Madhimoni" - ane Hunhu, zvakanyanya, rinopa basa racho musoro waro.” Kupinzwa munyama kwezvakanaka zvose zvinobatanidzwa nomudzimu wechiKristu, Myshkin, zvisinei, nenzira inoshamisa, haaiti chimwe chinhu chinopfuura kukanganisa, pamwe chete noupenyu hwake amene, uhwo hworuzhinji rwaavo vanouya kwaari.

Mhosva uye Kurangwa

Ndinoziva kuti unogona kusabvumirana pamusoro penzvimbo yechipiri yakapihwa basa iri. Asi ini zvirokwazvo ndakafarira Iyo Idiot zvakanyanya, nekuda kwezvandatotaura. Zviripachena kuti bhuku iri, rakanyorwa nemumwe munyori chero upi zvake, richange riri pachinhanho charo chekutanga nekuti bhuku iri rinova iro gakava rinonyanya kujeka muzvinyorwa zvepasi rose.

Pfupiso: Iyi runyorwa, imwe yeakakurisa uye anogara kwenguva refu mumabhuku epasirese, ane maviri ezvemisoro yeDostoyevsky: hukama pakati pemhosva nechirango uye pfungwa yesimba rinodzikinura rekutambura kwevanhu, zvine simba rekumutsa kukakavara pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa. , hunyengeri hune hunhu uhwo hunogara huri mubasa remunyori.

Pasi pechisikigo chechimiro cheiyo thesis novel, pane chirevo chechimiro uye chetsika. Dostoyevsky anoona kuti chirango hachityisidzi tsotsi, "sezvo achitoda kuti arangwe."

Hama dzaKaramazov

Hukama hwevanhu hwakakanganisika. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti munhu imhumhi yemunhu kana, zvakasiyana, zvinogona kududzirwa kuti kudzidziswa uye dzidzo yakatenderedza magariro akasarudzika akabatanidzwa nekufamba kwenguva achitenderedza chakanaka chinobvumira apo neapo kufamba kune zvakaipa Vanotambura kubva kune izvo zvekupedzisira zvakaipa izvo munhu. zvisikwa zvinopedzisira zvatora sechinhu chakasikwa. Novel pamusoro pekudyidzana kwevanhu. Girazi rechokwadi cheRussia sechiratidzo kwatinogona kuziva chero imwe nzanga.

Pfupiso: MuKaramázov Hama, iro razvino basa uye rakakura musanganiswa wemafungiro ake neunyanzvi, anovandudza kugutsikana kwake kwekuda kwekuchinja kukuru munharaunda nemagariro ehunhu.

Munyori anoratidzira mufananidzo unosiririsa wenzanga yenguva yake uye anoshora huwori hunokonzerwa nesimba remari, zvishuwo zvisina kudzorwa, kuzvida uye kuzvidza pamweya. Iyi nganonyorwa - iro rekupedzisira basa remunyori mukuru - rinofumura mufananidzo wakapedzwa wevanhu veRussia pakati pezana regumi nemapfumbamwe century.

Dostoevsky ndiye quintessential tenzi pakupenda nemashoko ekuti vanhu vanogadzira sei hukama hwakatsauka, vanogombedzana uye vanokanganisa mumwe kune mumwe mari, uye vanoratidza kuda kwemhuka. Rufu rwaKaramazov - muridzi wevhu ane utsinye uye anotsoropodza - anokanganisa vaviri vevanakomana vake, vane zvikonzero zvinopfuura chimwe chekuvenga baba vavo.

Mwanakomana wechitatu, Alyosha, ane mutsa uye akachena, akasununguka kubva kune zvese zvikwereti uye mapurojekiti mune ramangwana. Iyi nhoroondo inopfupikisa hunyanzvi hweDostoevsky hwehuzivi uye hwechitendero: hukama hwenyika dzese, kubuda kwe "barbarous" Russia, uye kudzoserwa kwekunzwa kwechokwadi kwechitendero.