Ngatitangei nekuenzanisa kunotyisa. Vanyori vaviri vepasi rose veGerman. Vanyori vaviri vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX mukati meiyo yakanyanya kuvhiringika yeEurope yenguva yazvino.
Thomas mann akamedza hondo mbiri uye kukundwa kaviri kwenyika yake yeGermany. Max frisch, Swiss (saka, zvakanyanya kusarerekera pane se) "chete" aiziva Hondo Yenyika Yechipiri uye kurwisana neNazism. Mann akasundwa kuve munyori wenhoroondo yekukundwa uye weiyo chaiyo yeGerman yekuvapo kwekuedza kurarama uye kupedzisira yapukunyuka zvakaipisisa. Frisch, nokuda kwake, aigara achibhururuka pamusoro pezviitiko zvakashata zvehondo kubva kure uye akazvipira kune basa rekuvakazve kubva pakuona kwekunyora. Pasina kusiya chinangwa chezvematongerwo enyika pane dzimwe nguva, asi kutarisa zvakanyanya pane rondedzero yega yega.
Unogona kuona kuti zvinyorwa zvaFrisch ndezvemurume akura. Mazhinji ebasa rake rave mushure mekupera kwehondo muna '45. Munyori aive pakati pe30 ne40 akakwanisa kuunganidza zviitiko zvevechidiki pakati pepfungwa nehondo dzinotyisa, asi haana kutamisa zvinogoneka zvinogoneka zvakananga kumabhuku ake.
Misiyano inoshamisa mune vaviri vevanyori vakuru veGerman vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Creative pfuma kuperekedza grey mazuva, kana asiri vatema. Nenyika yavo yekwavo, Germany, nguva dzose iri pakati peEurope. Kwete chete kubva kune yakapfava geographical point yekuona asi sechimwe chinhu chinowedzera neuralgic cheEurope inoda shanduko kuti ibude mumhepo yemhirizhonga yenyika.
Asi zvichida yakawedzera kuenzanisa pakati pevanyori vaviri zvakanyanya. Nekuti sekutaura kwangu, Frisch akasiyana zvakanyanya, rondedzero yake chimwe chinhu. Mumanovhero ake pamusoro pezvose tinowana chinangwa chekuvapo, chakaremerwa nehuzivi uye humanism. Asi gara uchienzanisa chikero sevakuru chete vanoziva maitiro, ane hupenyu, zviito zvinovaraidza.
Epamusoro 3 Anokurudzirwa Novels naMax Frisch
Montauk
Kunyora nezvemunyori uye kuzvipira pakunyora chiitiko chinofukidzira chinoshamisa chekuti kana ichiziva maitirwo acho, sezvakaita nyaya iyi, inotipinza mumatenga nemugomba rakadzika-dzika rezvisikwa kwete zvekunyora chete asiwo zvehunyanzvi uye zvakakosha mune zvese.
Spring 1974. Mumwe munyori ane mukurumbira, akafuridzirwa nemunyori pachake, ari muUnited States parwendo rwekusimudzira achiperekedzwa naLynn, mushandi wechidiki weimba yekudhinda. Mumazuva ano vanotanga ukama hunokosha zvikuru uye, asati adzokera kuEurope, vanosarudza kupedza kupera kwevhiki pamwe chete muMontauk, guta riri kure kuLong Island.
Nguva yake naLynn inomutsa mundangariro dzemunyori dzaive dzadzikiswa uye inomutsa kufunga kwekare nezvekubudirira, hupenyu, rufu, rudo, mabhuku ake, uye nekunetseka kwaakaita kakawanda nemibvunzo mimwecheteyo. Montauk inoumba inhaka yokunaka umo munyori pachake anoshamisika pamusoro pezvinoreva basa rake.
Handisati ndanyarara
Imwe yenharo dzinogara dzichiitika mumanovhero ekusafungirana inyaya yeamnesia, yedambudziko rekuzivikanwa iro rakanakira musori sezvakaita amai vasingawane mwanasikana wavo uye vasingadaviri.
Pfungwa, iri mumaoko emunhu ane njere, inotora chirevo chikuru uye kukakavara kwake, kwekunakidzwa kweramangwana remutambi wenguva ino, kusahadzika kwakadzama kwakarembera pamusoro pehunhu hwevanhu, kuvapo, maonero echokwadi uye rombo rakanaka. inosvika pakuremedza uye inonakidza.
Mumwe murume anozviti anonzi VaWhite uye ari muAmerica anosungwa nevakuru veSwitzerland vachipomerwa mhosva yekuti Herr Stiller, uyo akatsakatika muZurich makore apfuura. Pakukurudzira kwegweta rake rinomudzivirira, anonyora hupenyu hwake mudhayari, sezvaanopinda, achishamisika, ratidziro yezvapupu kune izvo zvaanoramba: Mudzimai waStier, shamwari dzake, mukoma wake ...
Munhu anoonekwa muHolocene
Kuti Mwari ariko kana pasisina vanhu vanogona kuzvifungidzira kana kuti denga rakagadzirwa nevaRoma zvinhu zvinofanirwa kuyeukwa, uye nekusimbirira kukuru kana ari murume akasurukirwa uye apengenuka anovafunga, akatarisana neimba yekumusoro. rufu, sezvakaita VaGeiser vekare.
Akaparadzaniswa nenyika mumusha wake muCanton yeTicino, patsitsi dzemamiriro ekunze uye pasi pekudzivirirwa kwemasimba ake akaderera, atove mukuderera uye akananga kugomba rakadzika-dzika, Geiser anotarisana nekusurukirwa kwakanyanya nekufungisisa kweminiti. zviitiko zvezuva nezuva: nguva dzose bhazi retsamba, kushanya kwemuongorori wezuva, muto weMinestrone kuti upiswe, bhucha yeblonde, moto salamander kana katsi yekare isingachabati mbeva.
Uye kuti abate ndangariro yezvimedu izvo zvinoumba upenyu hwose uye, pakupedzisira, izvo zvinoumba mucherechedzo womunhu munhau, anonyora kumadziro namapeji eduramazwi rekare, izvo zvinomuyeuchidza nezvenzira iyo vakatanga kugara muAlps. kana kuti chikamu chegoridhe chinodhirowa sei: izvo zvinhu zvisingafanirwe kukanganikwa.
"Munhu Anooneka muHolocene" inomiririra hunyanzvi hwekunyora hwekunyora hunopesana nekusurukirwa uye rufu; Iyo inoshamisa yemukati monologue umo kudzokororwa kwemaitiro uye kusingachinjiki kupfuura kwemaawa kunosimbiswa.
