Munyori wenhoroondo Julian Casanova Ndiye mumwe wevaparidzi vakuru venguva yemberi yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX muEurope uye ane shingairo huru muSpain yezana ramakore rimwe chetero. Ichokwadi kuti kutarisisa kwayo, ngatitii, kunorerekera kunhoroondo yemabhindauko, kune idzo mhirizhonga dzemagariro kubva kumafambiro epasi. Asi ndezvekuti shanduko yese yemagariro inouya kubva mumoto wekuchinja kwekumanikidzira, wekurwiswa kwesimba apo vane simba vane-kuita-bata vanoshungurudza tsika.
Chiripo ndechokuti kumukira hakubudiriri nguva dzose. Dzimwe nguva marepublic uye kurwiswa kwakaramba kuri mukuedza uye mukupindura kwakauya kudzvinyirirwa kwakawanda. Asi nhau yokukundwa inobatirawo kuchengeta ndangariro iri mhenyu, chaizvoizvo, kuti kusaruramisira kunorwiwa. Julián Casanova anonunura uye anoburitsa nekukwidza zvakakwana kuti ave munyori anotengesa zvakanyanya pasina kubata nhoroondo yekunyepedzera iyo vamwe vanyori vezera rake, senge. Jose Luis CorralVanosvika marudzi ose evaverengi. Vaverengi vari pedyo nerondedzero yakasanganiswa seti yengano huru dzenhoroondo. Iwo mabhesi akanyorwa zvakakwana achiperekedzwa neiyo intrahistory inokwanisa kuseta chokwadi kusvika pamwero mukuru.
Asi Casanova yakakwana uye asara nekuravira kwake rondedzero uye nhoroondo dzenhoroondo. Nekuti nhoroondo pachayo inonakidza kana ichinge yakweshwa uye rega rega kana mumwe munhu akaita saJulián Casanova achipinda nepakati pechokwadi uye anotinyudza murukova rwezviitiko zvakanyanya kudarika.
Mabhuku matatu epamusoro anokurudzirwa naJulián Casanova
Mhirizhonga isingadzoreki
Kakawanda tinonzwa kuti kuratidzira kwanhasi kunoratidzika kuva kunochekwa kubva mumucheka mumwe chete, sokunge kuti kunotungamirirwa nokudzokororwa naMwari anoziva fariro dzakavanzwa. Zvichida, zvichida ..., uye ipapo chinhu chacho chaizosvika kumagumo ...
Nzira itsva yekuratidzwa kwechisimba, inodzokorora uye dzimwe nguva inoenderera mberi, iyo, kubva kune anarchist hugandanga kusvika kuhondo dzekutevedzana muYugoslavia, yakaratidza nhoroondo yeEurope yezana remakore rechiXNUMX neropa nemoto. Mhirizhonga yevakoloni, kuurayana kwemarudzi, kuuraya rudzi, hondo nechisimba chepabonde zvinobuda pachena mairi, umo vaurayi, mhondi uye vabati chibharo vakagadzira miitiro yavo vamene yokurwadzisa norufu, yaiitwa somunhu mumwe nomumwe kana kuti mumapoka, inoonwa navamwe vakawanda, vanyajambwa, zvapupu uye matsotsi anodzidzira basa.
Kune nyaya dzakawanda dzinopindirana uye dzinopindirana, kubva kuSpain kuenda kuRussia, kubva kuBaltic kuenda kuMediterranean, kuti uwane pfungwa yemhirizhonga. Uye murondedzero, pfungwa dzemujaho nenyika, nguva dzedambudziko dzakakonzerwa nehondo nekumukirana uye mapurojekiti ekuzadza utopias anobuda setambo dzakafanana. Zana remakore rechisimba chisingakundiki, chine mavanga anooneka kana akavanzika ekuuraya nekuparadza. Yakapfuura yakagadzirwa ikozvino, inorangarirwa, yakakanganwa, yakatarisana, yakadzvinyirirwa.
Spain yakaparadzana nepakati
Spain yakakamurwa kuita maviri kubva 1936 kune akawanda efivha fungidziro. Chinhu chaizogadziriswa nyore nyore kana avo ve tricolor vakasiya ruvara rwavo uye avo enhoo vakasiya nzvimbo yenhovo yavo. Imwe tsvuku, yero uye tsvuku mureza uye zvese zvakagadziriswa. Asi kunetsana kunodyisa uye zvikwereti zvinoshanda kwete chete kuzviunganidza asi kuremedza chero mukana wekuyananisa.
The ichangoburwa bibliography pamusoro nhoroondo yeSpanish Civil War inoumbwa, pamusoro pazvose, nehunyanzvi mabasa akanangana nevaongorori. Nhasi kune kushaikwa kwezvinyorwa zvinosvikika zvinogona kuzadzisa basa iro mabhuku akadai saGabriel Jackson kana Hugh Thomas akaita munguva yavo, zvichiunza ruzivo rwezvino padyo nemuverengi wepakati, izvo zvinonyanya kukurumidza mushure mevashoma. makumi emakore umo tsvakurudzo yakapa chokwadi chitsva uye yakabvisa ngano dzekare.
Hapana mumwe akakodzera kuita basa iri kunze kwaProfessor Julián Casanova, purofesa paYunivhesiti yeZaragoza, munyori wemuongorori mukuru wenguva -Republic nehondo yevagari vemo- uye zvidzidzo zvekukosha kwakadai seKubva mumugwagwa kuenda kumberi, Iyo yakavanzika. yapfuura , Chechi yeFranco kana Europe kurwisa Europe, 1914-1945. "Nyaya yake pfupi" itsva pasina mubvunzo ichagutsa vaverengi vakawanda vemabhuku ake.
Europe kurwisa Europe, 1914-1945
Kupokana hakuna kugadzirwa kana kuparadzwa, kunongoshandura, kushandura nzvimbo. Nhasi hondo dziri kumwewo. Asi zana remakore rechiXNUMX rakanga riri zera rehondo muEurope. Makore makumi maviri apfuura kubva kuHondo Huru kuenda kuHondo Yenyika Yechipiri. Mukurwisana kukuru kwega kwega, Europe yakanyudzwa murima remabhomba kwemakumi emakore anoverengeka ... Iyoyo yakanga iri imwe nyika, pasina mubvunzo, apo vose veEurope vaiva nemuvengi wekuuraya.
Hondo Yenyika Yekutanga, iyo yakasarudza kuguma kweEurope nechisimba, mushure memakumi emakore ehukuru hwezvematongerwo enyika uye diplomacy, yakaonekwa nevanyori venhoroondo vazhinji semutsetse wechokwadi wekuparadzanisa wenhoroondo yeEurope muzana remakore rechiXNUMX, kuputika kunotyisa nemitemo iripo. .
Communism uye fascism, zvichibuda muhondo iyoyo, zvakava dzimwe nzira dzekutanga uyezve matanda ekukwezva vakangwara, mota dzezvematongerwo enyika dzakawanda, vana vevatungamiriri vatsva avo, vachisimuka kubva chero kupi, kutanga kubva kunze kweiyo yekare monarchy kurongeka uye humambo, vakakurudzira kuputsa kwakadzama ne yapfuura.
Kuparadza uye mamirioni ekufa kwakakonzerwa neHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, shanduko yemiganhu, kukanganisa kweRussia Revolution, uye matambudziko ekugadzirisa emamiriyoni evaimbove varwi, kunyanya munyika dzakakundwa, ndiko kwakabva mhirizhonga. uye tsika yekunetsana iyo yakaiswa munharaunda zhinji dzenguva iyoyo yekuvhiringika.
Kubatanidza rondedzero nekuongorora, bhuku rino rinoongorora zvakadzama shanduko yeRussia uye kusimuka kwefascism, kudzoreredzwa kwedemocracy uye kufambira mberi kwehutongi, tsika yekupokana, uye mhedzisiro iyo zvese izvi zvaive nazvo kune kondinendi yakaguma muna 1945 yakaparadzwa uye yakaputsika kuita nyika. zviuru zvimedu.
