Iwo mabhuku e Joseph Heller akaberekwa aine chisimbiso ichocho chekukura kwemunyori atodzoka kubva kune zvese. Aya ndiwo maziviro anoita munhu murondedzero yemunyori wekuAmerica uyu a kuravira kwekudzikisira kune zvisina musoro, kuseka, kwekushoropodza kusina kusefa. Hapana chekuita nevamwe vanoyevedza vatyairi vakapfuudzwa mumabhuku senge Mutsvene Exupery o James salter pakupedzisira inopfuura kudarika kwekuona kwake kwemabhuku semunda wezvinhu zvakakura uye kwete spittoon uko kuburitsa kushatirwa isati yamhanyira pasi pahuro.
Panofanira kuva nezvose. Pagara paine nguva yemhando yemabhuku kana imwe, iyo inokwidziridza kana iyo inoseka chinhu chiri chose. Muchiono cheHeller chinopfuura chinoshamisa, chakaremara pane hukasha hunopfuudzwa nepfungwa iyoyo yemumwe munhu asisatarisire mhinduro kana kuvandudzwa uye anongozvipira kune chinangwa chekufumura nhamo. Nokuti chimwe chinhu hachisi chokutaurirana neguyo uye chimwe ndechokuva nomukana kana kuti chido chokunyora nezvazvo nechivimbo chokupa kujeka kunodiwa zvikuru nokuda kwehana dzakagomara.
Zvakafanana neshoko rekare rokuti "mumwe munhu aifanira kuzviita." Muzvinyorwa zveAmerican 20th century, Heller akazvipa basa rekutanga kuratidza nzvimbo dzakachena dzechiroto cheAmerica, aine chivimbo chekuti America yaida mumwe nemumwe wevagari vayo kuchengetedza zviyero zvisingatarisirwi ...
Wepamusoro 3 Akakurudzira Novels naJoseph Heller
Musungo 22
Uye Heller akasvika ndokunyora yechinyakare ... Chokwadi iye aingofunga zvekunyora zvinosuruvarisa zvemazuva ake pakati pekupenya kwemakomba epasi-kumhepo, mabhomba uye mazai matsvene emasoja makuru anotumira ...
Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, muchipatara cheAmerican base pachitsuwa chidiki cheItaly, mutyairi webhomba anonzi Yossarian anonyepedzera kupenga. Anoda kudzivirira kurasikirwa nehupenyu hwake zvachose pane yake inotevera mhepo mission uye kudzokera kumba. Ko sei gehena munhu wese ari kuda kumuuraya kubva pasi? Yossarian anoedza kuratidza kuti anopenga asi anowira mu "catch 22": hutongi hwemauto husina musoro uye hwakaipa hunotaura kuti avo vanoti vanopenga kuti vadzivise kuenda kuhondo ndivo vakanyanya kunaka. Uye kana uri mupengo, une hutano, saka ... Hauna sarudzo!
Pakutanga rakaburitswa muna 1961, Musungo 22 pasina kupokana ndeimwe yeanonakidza uye anoyemurika ounyanzvi wenguva dzese uye dombo repakona reAmerican literary tsika, iyo yakawana rondedzero yemabhuku akanakisa ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Muverengi achanyudzwa mumamiriro ezvinhu asina musoro uye nhaurirano dzekunyepedzera dzinosimbisa hupenzi hwehondo newemunhu. Uye ndeyekuti "gehena isu tiripo, uye tagara tiri isu," anodaro Laura Fernández munhanganyaya. Dai ndaizotsanangudza gehena, ingave inosetsa yekuseka. Nekuti ndiko kuseka kwenyika. […] Kuti vanhu ava vaedze kudzidza chimwe chinhu nezvazvo. "
Chinhu chakaitika
Shure kwekutsoropodza kweasidhi, mune chishuwo chose kuseka kana kuita kuseka, tinogara tichiwana kunyadziswa kwemunyori ari pabasa mukuedza kwake kuburitsa kuti chii chinotitadzisa kugumburazve pamusoro pedu, zvivakwa uye nemhosva .. Kubudirira munharaunda ndidzo vavariro dzakaipisisa dzenzanga yazvino izere nezvakaipa. Iyi ndiyo nyaya yekuparara.
Bob Slocum murume anoshuvira. Executive uye akabudirira, ane mukadzi anoyevedza nevana vatatu, "shamwari" uye, nekuda kwechinzvimbo chake, vanodzungaira vevakadzi. Zvisinei, chimwe chinhu chakaitika. Iko mukana wekudzikisirwa muhutongi hwake, kutya kwekusasvika pamusoro apo panotorwa sarudzo, uye ruvengo rwevakuru vake, hwakasanganiswa nekuparara kwehupenyu hwemhuri, zvinoumba kushungurudzika kweSlocum.
Mufananidzo wevachiri kuyaruka muimbi, wekare
Yakanga isiri yemunhu, James Joyce. Heller aigona kutora Dorian Grey sereferenzi. Chinhu chacho chaive chekununura iyo poindi yekudarika kwebasa iro rinovhura nezve hunyanzvi uye zvarinoreva kana zvarinowana. Mufananidzo weVechidiki, Wekare Artist chinhu chinofamba uye chinonakidza mupfungwa yemuimbi uyo anofungisisa nezve hupenyu hwake achitsvaga sosi yekurudziro. Kutaridzika kwakasarudzika, kunofamba uye kunokwezva kwekusika, iine nguva dzayo dzese dzetariro yekunyepedzera uye kuora mwoyo kunorwadza.
Eugene Pota, munyori wenhau anozvida iye Mubatsiri Iye ave ngano, chiratidzo chetsika nekuda kweruzivo rwake rwekutanga, anotsvaga nharo yebasa rake chairo kana aona kuderera kwemazuva ake ave kusvika. Iyo yekutanga riwaya yakaratidza rake rekunyora basa. Kubva panguva iyoyo zvichienda mberi, basa rake rese rakanyatso kupatsanurwa nevatsoropodzi, uye, kunze kwekubudirira kwenguva pfupi, kwakanzi kwakashaikwa.
Mukutsvaga kwake zano anotendeukira kumudzimai wake, mumiririri wake, mupepeti wake, vaichimbova vadiwa vake, kunyange chiremba wake. Munhu wese anomuunzira mazano, asi hapana anogutsa, zvekusvika pakudhonzerwa pasi nekushaya tariro. Mukurwisana kwake kusina zororo nekufemerwa, Pota, "alter ego" ye Mubatsiri, inoongorora "chinhu chinosiririsa" muhupenyu hwevanyori vakaita saScott Fitzgerald, Henry James, Jack London, naJoseph Conrad; mhirizhonga yekubudirira kwekutanga yakavavarira ivo yavasina kuzowana mune rake rese basa. Nenzira, pakati pehupenyu hwake mavambo uye ake akakundikana enhau mavambo, iye anopa mutero kune avo vaanofarira vanyori; pakati pevamwe, Mark Twain, Franz Kafka naJames Joyce vane musoro wezita. Mufananidzo wemusikana wechidiki, wekare yaive yekupedzisira rondedzero ye Joseph Heller.
