Vanyori gumi vakanyanya muUSA

Kuona akanakisa enganonyorwa yenyika yega yega ine madosi makuru ekududzira, zvinoravira, hukama uye zvimwe zvinyorwa zvinofarirwa pakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye masitaera. Asi kuzviisa pasi kunokodzera zvakakwana munyika yedu inogara ine hukama, uko zvisiri zvese zvitema uye zvichena. Izvi ndizvo zvazvinofanira kuva uye aya ndiwo maitiro andinoshinga nesarudzo inozofadza kana kukuvhundutsa, zvichienderana neimwe neimwe.

Enda zvakare ne vanyori vakanaka vakagadzirwa muUSA, nehupamhi uye hwakasiyana-siyana hunhu hwenyika ino, yakanyanya kuoma nekuti inofanirwa kuita kuraswa kana kurwadza uye kunoshamisa kusiiwa. Kunyangwe zvakadaro, isu tichaenderera mberi nazvo nechishuwo chega uye chakanakisa chekuvhura gakava. Kana zvakare kuti upe zvinongedzo kuitira kuti munhu wese agozopinda mukuverenga kusingatarisirwi.

Vepamusoro 10 vanyori vepamusoro muUnited States.

Stephen King. Chikara chezvinyorwa.

Iyo isina muganhu yekufungidzira ye Stephen King inoratidzika kwatiri sechiedza chechiedza chakapeturwa kumativi ose kubva kune imwe prism yayo. Hapana miganhu mubhaibheri re Stephen King uye kuyedza kuzvitenderedza kune inotyisa genre ipfupi-kuona.

Nekuti ipapo Stephen King zvakawanda kubva pakutyisa kusvika kune zvinonaka, ngano dzesainzi, nhoroondo ngano, dystopia, ucronías kana apocalypses. Zvese izvi zvine mavara anoburitsa chokwadi sevanyori vashoma vanokwanisa kuburitsa.

Kubva kune anecdotal kusvika kune yakakosha kana kubva kune yakanakisa bhajeti kusvika kune yepedyo sensation. Mambo anogara munzvimbo dzisina munhu anogona kusvika, masango akasvibira ekufungidzira achibuda kutonhora kunopinda mumapfupa kana nzvimbo dzakavhurika dzinotiisa pachena kumarudzi ese emamiriro ekunze akaipa. Kuvapo kwakaita kutsamwa kwevanhu kwakadzama. Kufungidzira senge substratum yemaonero edu epasirese. Stephen King ndiPrometheus akaita munyori.

Rimwe remabhuku ake akanaka...

Mark Twain. Nhaurirano yemafaro.

Samuel Langshorne Clemens akasarudza rimwe zuva rakanaka kuita utapi venhau. Pseudonym yake yaizove Mark Twain' Munyika yakaita seUnited States, iyo pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX yakanga ichiri kuremerwa nemasimba ekutsigira hutapwa, haina kukunda tsitsi zhinji (ndinounza pano chirevo chinonakidza chekudzima muUnited States, njanji yepasi pevhu).

Saka Mark Twain akapaka utapi venhau uye akatarisana nemabhuku, kwaaizopedzisira ave chimwe chezviratidzo zvevanyori vese vatsva munyika yake. Basa rake rakakura, rakabatanidza zvese rakashanda sechivako chezvizvarwa zvinotevera zvevanyori vatsva (sekuziva kwaakaitawo William Faulkner apo neapo).

Asi, kunyange basa rake rakanaka uye charisma zvakamupa kukudzwa nekukura muUnited States, nhaka yake yakayambuka miganhu ikapararira pasirese. Nekuti Mark Twain aive nehunhu, hushoma mumazuva edu, kuyananisa vechidiki nevakuru manyoreri mune rimwe basa. Wawana zvakadaro Zvakaitika kuna Tom Sawyer kune rumwe rutivi uye avo veHuckleberry Finn kune rumwe rutivi vachasvika pasi rose mumunda wetsamba. Hazvishamise kuti pfungwa inokwanisa kusanganisa zvakadaro yakagadzira rondedzero yakawanda iyo yakatanga mumhando dzakasiyana dzemhando.

Nehurombo, makore ekupedzisira aMark Twain akachinja kuva kusuwa kukuru. Hazvisi muzvarirwo kurarama mwana, fungidzira kuti zvinosuruvarisa sei kuti zvinoitika muvatatu vevana vana. Akafirwa uye nekusuwa kwechisikigo kunodzokorora uye kuodza moyo, Twain akapera pakati pekupedzisira nekuzivikanwa kwemanzwiro enyika yose. Pano ndinokuunzira vhoriyamu ine nyaya dzake dzakanakisa:

Isac Asimov. svikika sophistication.

Uye isu tinouya kune yakakurisa yesainzi ngano nhoroondo: Isaac Asimov. Ndatotaura kare nezvevanyori classics senge huxley o Bradbury, vabudisi vakuru ve dystopian science fiction, tinosvika kune shasha yairima zvese mune iyi scifi genre, yakakwidziridzwa kumaaritari pane dzimwe nguva ikatukwa nevanyori vezvinyorwa dzimwe nguva.

Heino imwe yeazvino reissues ake yakakosha nheyo trilogy. Chinyorwa chinonakidza chine mifananidzo yakanaka…

Asimov anga achitonongedzera nzira nekuda kwekudzidziswa kwake, kwaakawana degree rezvechiremba mune biochemistry. Nheyo dzesainzi dzekufungisisa dzaive dzichishayikwa kwehunyanzvi hweRussia kubva kuBrooklyn.

Asati asvitsa makore makumi maviri, Asimov anga atoburitsa dzimwe dzenyaya dzake pakati pezvakanaka nesainzi mumagazini (kuravira kwenyaya yaakaparadzira muhupenyu hwake hwese uye iyo yavakapa kuwanda kwemisangano)

Basa rake rakakura kwazvo (zvakare rakasiyana-siyana nekuti akaita mafireya ake kuve mutikitivha, enhoroondo uyezve, mabasa anodzidzisa), akapa zvakawanda, iri sinema mugamuchiri mukuru wezvaanofunga. Mazhinji eiyo akanakisa cifi mafirimu atakaona pane hombe skrini inotakura chitambi chake.

Truman Capote. mbiri nemimvuri yemweya.

Truman Capote Ndicho munyori ane chizvarwa chizvarwa, Ndingangoda kuti ndakati ndakasekwa, senge chero chitambi kana chitaera chakabvumidzwa pasina kudzokororwa. Zvinoitika kuti maitiro edu echisikigo ekurangana, kushamwaridzana, kuratidza uye kunyora sekunge zvese zvinhu zvave kuguma zvichitadzisa marudzi ese ekugadzira kana ehunyanzvi kutaura. Raw asi chaiko.

Hapafanire kuve nezvizvarwa zvemazino kana tendekisheni dzesququo. Asi hei ... ndiri kusiya musoro wenyaya Truman Capote zvine chekuita nebasa rake (pamwe kwaive kupesana kwake kwakanditungamira kune ino yekupedzisira ramble).

Nyaya iripo ndeyekuti yakanaka Truman yekare yaive chiratidzo chaitsvakwa, hongu. Manovhero ake, echokwadi enhoroondo dzezvemagariro evanhu (zvese pamusoro pekupenya kwekupfuma uye pane yakanyanya kuderera uye yakaomarara kune rimwe divi renzanga), akarovedzera mutsoropodzi akamukwidza kumaatari kana kumubvambura kuita zvidimbu. Pakati pemumwe nemumwe vakapedzisira vanyanya kufungidzira ngano. Pano pazasi yake yengano Kudya kwemangwanani kuTiffany's...

Ernest Hemingway. peni yakagadzirwa bhurasho.

Rarama kuinyora. Icho chingave chirevo chemunyori mukuru wezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Ernest Hemingway Aive mweya usingazorodze uyo aifarira kurarama hupenyu muzvinwiwa zvakareba, mumativi ese uye mukana. Kubva pakunyorwa kwemaoko kweHemingway, fungidziro dzakapfurikidza dzezviitiko zvepasirese zvemazana ezvakaipa aya zvakagadzirwa XX iyo yakapfuura pakati pehondo, kumukira, hukuru hwekugadzira, inotonhora hondo uye chiratidzo chekutanga chekudyidzana kwepasi rose uye ruzivo rwe cosmos mujaho yemuchadenga iyo ichiri kuenderera nhasi.

Hakusi kuti Hemingway munyori wepasi rose wezvose zvakaitika muzana rake ramakumi maviri, asi izvo zvisina mubvunzo ndezvekuti kuratidzwa kwevatambi vake vakanyudzwa mumhando dzese dzemamiriro ezvinhu kunoita kuti ave munyori anobudirira mukiyi yekunyepedzera yekupfuura kwemunhu. kuve kwenyika ino.

Joyce Carol Oates. quintessential suspense.

Mudzidzisi wemabhuku anogara achivanza anogona kuve munyori. Kana nyaya yetsamba iri iri yepamusorosoro, munhu wese anoda izvi anopedzisira ave kuyedza kutevedzera vanyori vavanoda, avo vane mabasa avo avanoda kuisa mukati mevadzidzi. Kana iri Joyce Carol anodya, Izvo hazvigone chete kuratidza kwake kuita semudzidzisi weLimi uye Zvinyorwa. Izvo zvinofanirwawo kucherechedzwa kuti iye zvakare ane degree, a doctorate uye Master mune chidzidzo chemutauro uye neunyanzvi hwayo hwekumisikidza patsva (Zvinyorwa).

Saka aesthetically, zvakaumbwa uye zvinoshanda tinowana izvo Joyce anonyora aine ruzivo rwakakwana rwechokwadi. Asi chokwadi, kana asingade zvemberi, haaigona kunge akasvika paave, ari munyori anozivikanwa pasi rese. Pano pazasi ini ndinopa iro rine mukurumbira novel naOates iro bhaisikopo raMarilyn reNetflix rakavakirwa ...

Charles Bukowski. realism kupfuura tsvina.

Bukowski ndiye munyori asingaremekedzi par excellence, munyori wemabhuku e-visceral anoparadzira bile munzvimbo dzese dzenzanga (ndine hurombo kana yainyanya "kuona"). Kupfuura kusvika kune iyi nyanzvi nekutsvaga painternet senge «Charles Bukowski mashoko»Nekudzoreredza kwake zviratidzo zvehupenyu, kuverenga kwekupedzisira kwemabasa ake hupenyu husina kuchena hwakaiswa mutsinga.

Nokuti Charles Bukowski anga ari munyori akatsamwa uyo rimwe zuva rakanaka akasarudza kunyora zvaaida uye izvo zvakazopedzisira zvaita kuwanda mukati mevaverengi vazhinji avo vakapedzisira vamunamata nekuda kwekumukira kwake, nekuda kwekubata kwake kwakaipa uye nenzira yake yekushanyirazve hupenyu hwakaipisisa pasi pechisimba. ye kusetsa caustic.

Zvinyorwa zvinoda manhamba senge emunyori anozvipira kuita zvisina basa, kuramba, kupandukira nekuda kwazvo chete, kusagadzikana. Uye kunyangwe zvese izvi, Vatambi vaBukowski vanopa kupenya kwakapenya kwevanhu apo nguva nenguva vanoreurura kuti vanonzwawo, vachisimudza manzwiro iwayo kusvika kumusoro-soro, semunhu anopfira denga uye asingatyi anomirira mhinduro chete inobvira inobva kudenga rakadzikama uye inoiswa kune inertia ... Pasi apa iyo kuti kwandiri ibasa rekutanga kune ani nani anoda kuswedera pedyo neBukowski uye zvikonzero zvake zvekunyora pamwe chete nemakakatanwa ake ekuzviita nenzira yakadaro yemhuka.

Patricia Highsmith. huchenjeri huzhinji.

Mhando yemapurisa ichagara iine chirevo chimwe chete Patricia Highsmith. Uyu munyori weAmerica akagadzira imwe yeakanakisa, anotadza uye anodiwa mavara mune yese kugadzirwa kweiyo genre: Tom Ripley. Uye zvakadaro yakanga isiri munyika yaamai vake apo hunhu hwaibvunzwa hwakatambirwa zvakanyanya.

Neimwe nzira, munyori akasimudza mazhinji emabasa ake zvakanyanya mukuenderana neanowedzera idiosyncrasy yekuEurope, anowanzo tenderera kusekwa uye kusekesa akaunzwa mumhando dzese, kusanganisira mapurisa, kunyangwe angave akachena sei. Uye Europe yakaguma ichizvigamuchira nemaoko maviri.

Kunyangwe iyi budiriro yaivewo nechokuita nekuburitswa kwemamwe mazita ekuAmerica ayo kusvika padanho rakapa mhosva kunyengera kunoshamisa asi munyori wezvevabonde, asinganetsi kunwa, achigona kunyange kugadzirisa madingindira eungochani mumabhuku ake kunyangwe hazvo pakutanga aive pasi pezita rekunyepedzera .. ., uye izvi muAmerica pakati pezana ramakumi maviri emakore hazvina kugamuchirwa zvizere.

Kunyangwe achitarisa chikamu chikuru chebasa rake pana Tom Ripley, hapana chekuzvidza mazhinji emamwe mabhuku ake umo mumwe Tom asiri hunhu. Muchokwadi, zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga pasina iye zvinoratidzika kunge zvakazara, pasina iyo serial point iyo yese cheni yemanovhero ane protagonist mumwechete anowanzo kuwana. Pano pazasi rimwe remabasa ake akasiyana ...

David Foster Wallace. kudzura sekutarisa.

Panogona kunge paine ngano. Sezvakaita 27 kirabhu mumimhanzi. Chinhu ndechekuti kuverenga David Foster Wallace kune chimwe chinhu chenhamo yakatorwa kune delirium, kuwandisa, kunyangwe kupenga. Kusimba kubva mukusada kusvirwa kunotungamira kune parody yakazara nekutsvinya. Satires yeuyo anozviona akaparadzana uye anogona kupupura nemabhuku ake kushamisa kwenyika.

Kunyangwe kuve mucherechedzo muUnited States, kusvika kwebasa ra David foster wallace kuenda kuSpain kwakagadzirwa serudzi rwekuziva mushure mekufa kwengano. Nemhaka yokuti David akatambura nokuora mwoyo kwakamutambudza kubvira achiri muduku kusvikira pamazuva ake okupedzisira, apo kuzviuraya kwakagumisa chinhu chiri chose pazera ramakore 46. Zera risina kufanira remagumo umo maungira uye kupesana kwechipo uye chekugadzira pfungwa, asi panguva imwe chete ichizendamira mugomba rakadzika-dzika rekuparadzwa, inoshandurwa nenzira inoshamisa kuva kufarira kukuru mubasa.

Muna 2009 iyo David Foster Wallace mabhuku Vakatanga rwendo rwavo kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzepasi idzo dzavasati vambosvika, vachizvidya pachavo kusvika panguva iyoyo mumusika weAmerica umo zano ravo raive ratobuda senzira inonakidza yevatambi vakadzika vakapinda muchamupupuri chemazuva ano.

Misoro yakasiyana-siyana kubva kumitambo kuenda kunhepfenyuro yeterevhizheni kana yakajairika ongororo yezviroto zveAmerica. Kusvika kuSpain kwakaitwa kekutanga munzira dzechiso chake semutauri wenyaya uyezve nehuremu hwakazara hwemabasa ake akakodzera. Wallace, pasinei nemamiriro ake ezvinhu anosuruvarisa zvikuru emakemikari, akanga asiri munyori anodzorwa norumwe rudzi rwekusava nechokwadi kwechirwere chake kana mishonga yake.

Kwete zvirinani mune zvakajairwa yetsika yenjodzi inogona kubva kune vanyori vakaita Bukowski o Emil cioran, kutumidza vaviri vane tariro kusavimbika. Asi, tinowana zvakapesana chaizvo mumabhuku ake, chinangwa chekuvaka mavara akajeka uye kunyange enhoroondo mune dzimwe nguva nzira dzekunyepedzera dzinomutsa kuseka uye kuvhiringidzika zvisina kujeka.

Utopias uye dystopias zvinorwisa chokwadi chakashandurwa, mavara anokahadzika kuvakwa kwenyika yakavapoteredza kana kuti vanorega kuvapo kwavo kuzununguka pairi. Chinangwa chakakosha pamusoro pechokwadi pachacho mune yakanakisa fomu inoparadzira huchenjeri, sekunyora otomatiki kwakadzokororwa uye kunyorwa gare gare mukutsvaga chirevo chekuti kana ichingoona kunyomba kwemamiriro edu emunhu sezvainotipinza munzvimbo iyo ngano inozadzwa. yezviratidzo zvinotsemura nyika kuita zvikamu.

David Foster Wallace ndiye murondedzeri wepasi rakadyiwa neyekurota. Uye zvave kutozivikanwa kuti muzviroto isu tinoenda kubva kuseka kusvika pakutya kana kubva kuchishuwo chekusemesa kubva kune imwe mamiriro kuenda kune inotevera.

Edgar Allan Poe. kuputika kwekunaka.

Pfupi asi yakanyanya, isina kurongeka muzvinyorwa zvayo asi ine hudzamu hwakaoma pakati pehunakisisa uye hunonakidza. Nevamwe vanyori haumboziva kuti chokwadi chinopera kupi uye ngano inotanga. Edgar Allan Poe ndiye quintessential akatukwa munyori. Akatukwa kwete mune yazvino snobbish pfungwa yezwi asi asi mune zvakadzama zvinoreva mweya wake unotonga nehero kuburikidza nedoro uye kupenga.

Asi ... chii chingave zvinyorwa pasina simba razvo? Hells inzvimbo inonakidza yekugadzira iyo Poe nevamwe vazhinji vanyori vaiwanzoburukira kurudziro, vachisiya shredhi dzeganda uye zvidimbu zvemweya yavo neimwe yega foray.

Uye mhedzisiro iripo ... nhetembo, nyaya, nyaya. Chilling sensations pakati pekunyengera uye nemanzwiro enyika ine chisimba, ine hukasha, yakahwanda kune ese moyo unonzwisisa. Rima nekushongedza kweakarota uye anopenga, rwiyo rwekunze-kwe-tune violin nemanzwi kubva mhiri kweguva anomutsa maungira anonyanyisa. Rufu rwakavanzika sevhesi kana chirevo, kutamba mutambo wayo mukufungidzira kwemuverengi asingatyi.

Zvakanaka kuunganidzwa kwezvakanakisa zvePoe, tenzi we kutya, tinogona kuiwana mune ino kesi huru kune vanoda hunyanzvi uhu: