Mbiri ija monga sayansi yomwe ilinso ndi mbali zina za kukolako nsalu imatsimikizidwanso ndi kuti, wolemba mbiri ngati harari watuluka ngati m'modzi mwa olemba odziwika kwambiri pazakale komanso njira zachitukuko chathu. Chifukwa Harari amayenda pakati pa zotsimikizika, inde, koma amagwedezeka kuti apeze zipatso zatsopano zomwe angapangire kuzindikira.
Mosakayikira wolemba ameneyu wopitilira 40 wakwanitsa kugunda kiyi wazosangalatsa komanso kulingalira mwanzeru kuyambira pomwe wolemba Mbiri amatsegulidwa ndi akatswiri omwe Ikuwulula njira zogwirizana bwino podzudzula zomwe zimawunikiranso ndikulingalira pakufalitsa kupereka lingaliro latsopano lomwe likukhudza chiyambi chathu, magwero a chisinthiko chomwe chidatitengera kuno osapereka malingaliro ngati mwayi.
Ndendende kubwera kwa chidziwitso komwe kumachokera kumadera osiyanasiyana omwe amabatizidwa chiyambi cha chitukuko chathu ndipo mbali zina zogwirizana za anthropology zomwe zimamveka ngati sayansi yolumikiza zidapangitsa Harari kukhala m'modzi mwa akatswiri odziwika bwino posaka makiyi azomwe timamanga.
Koma chomwe chimakopa kwambiri Owerenga a Harari Ndilo gawo lake lomaliza, lomwe limapitilira kuganizira za chisinthiko ndi kusintha komwe kungakhalepo m'malingaliro apano monga cholowa chomaliza chakupita patsogolo kochuluka, mikangano, zisinthiko komanso filosofi momwe zikhulupiriro zimayesa kuchirikiza. Angathe kuikidwa m'mipata yambiri ya munthu. Harari adalemba kale mabuku ambiri, koma pali atatu omwe akuwonjezera kutchuka kwake padziko lonse lapansi.
Mabuku Otchuka 3 Opangidwa ndi Yuval Noah Harari
Sapiens. Kuyambira nyama kupita kwa milungu
Mutu wa bukuli wangolamulidwa "mbiri yachidule yaumunthu." Wolembayo watenga kale kuchokera kumapeto izi cholinga chake chofuna kufotokozera, mwatsatanetsatane malingaliro omwe atha kutumizidwa m'maphunziro ochulukirapo.
Koma kufunsa kuti mukwaniritse kuwululidwa kumeneku kunapanga zosangalatsa zofanizira. Tidangolankhula kumene za bukuli «Otsiriza a Neanderthal»Buku lomwe limayankhula masiku amdima aja azomwe tidachita posintha kwambiri. NDI Antonio Perez Henares walemba saga yake pamutuwu.
Ma Sapiens ali mu mafashoni ndipo Harari imabweretsa mbali yabwino kwambiri yomwe mungafikire pakubwera kwanu kudzakhala padziko lapansi lino. Voliyumu ndikumasuliranso kwina, koma ndimachitidwe ndi luso la Harari zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale imodzi mwazinthu zomasulira luso lotanthauzira lomwe wophunzira aliyense wakale ayenera kukhala nalo.
Sapiens ndiye chiyambi cha chilichonse, kuchokera kwa iye tidafika pakusakanikirana komwe kulipo komanso kutengera kusiyana kwawo kwachisinthiko komwe tsogolo lathu likhoza kulembedwa. Kugonjetsa kumawoneka ngati chimodzi mwazinthu, kusiyana komwe kunalola kuti a Sapiens ayambe kugonjetsa anthu ena onse ndikufika lero ndi zomwe tikuyembekezera mawa. Kungoti chigawo ichi chakusintha chikuchokera pazinthu zomwe sizikhala zotamandika nthawi zonse: kulakalaka, chikhumbo chopangidwa kukhala chokhazikika ...
Zonsezi sizimafanana nthawi zonse ndi chisangalalo chomwe chimayambanso pamene tidazindikira. Zomwe ife tiri ndi zomwe timabwera kudzachita ndi dziko lapansi zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi ma protomen omwe adatha kulamulira pa nkhope ya dziko lapansi zaka zikwi zambiri zapitazo.
Maphunziro 21 azaka za zana la XNUMX
Mosakayikira, zolemba zomwe zalongosoledwa m’buku lake lapitalo la Sapiens, lomwe linafalikira ngati moto wolusa padziko lonse lapansi, zinadzutsa chidwi chopambanitsa ponena za kufunika kwa lingaliro limenelo poyang’anizana ndi mkhalidwe wathu wamakono wa chitukuko. Zovuta zodziwika bwino zomwe timakumana nazo zimatengera momwe tingakhalire okhoza kuyimitsa magalimoto, momveka bwino, zokhumba zathu.
Chifukwa chakuti zambiri zomwe timafuna kukwaniritsa nthawi zina zimangonena zopanda pake, zopanda pake, zomwe zimapangitsa ulemu wokondetsa chuma. Ndipo uku ndikutsutsana kowonekeratu pazomwe tsogolo lathu lingagwiritse ntchito pomwe kudumpha kwa Sapiens kunapezeka ngati mphamvu ya luntha polimbana ndi mphamvu.
Yesetsani kufotokoza momwe ife tiriri opitilira zomwe tili. Chifukwa pantchitoyi gawo lalikulu lachinyengo limapezeka kuti anzeru ena ambiri amayembekezera kale, kuchokera Malthus mmwamba George Orwell. Olemba omwe timawadalira pang'ono kuposa a Adam Smith omwe, monga mesiya watsopano, adalengeza kuti kulemera kwachuma m'manja mwa chidwi ndi machitidwe abwino kwambiri.
Sindikudziwa ngati ndizotsutsa ufulu wachuma, koma mithunzi yake, yowonjezereka pazinthu monga pambuyo pa choonadi, mawu achimwemwe, mikhalidwe iwiri, kusalinganika kwachuma pakati pa dziko limodzi ndi lina mkati mwa dziko lomwelo ndipo ngakhale mantha anaika. kumvetsetsa kuti zomwe zikuganiziridwa kuti zabwino zimaperekedwa zitha kukhala pachiwopsezo.
Homo Deus
Chiyambire pamene Agiriki anatidziŵikitsa kwa milungu, chifuno chosatheka chamuyaya chaima monga chachabechabe chachikulu cha munthu. Njira yodzitetezera tokha monga milungu yatsopano ndiyo kusonkhanitsa katundu wambiri, kupambana, kusiya chizindikiro chathu m'dziko lokhala ndi mpikisano wowonjezereka. Apanso ntchito iyi ikuyamba kuchokera ku chipwirikiti chachikulu cha Sapiens.
Monga tawonera m'chigawo chake, tsatanetsatane wa "mbiri yayifupi ya anthu" yomwe ntchitoyi idapangidwira idapereka zambiri. Ndipo zina zonse ndizotsatira zomwe zikupitilizabe kupereka chuma chodziwitsa za wolemba wosatha uyu.
M'nkhaniyi tikambirana za tsogolo, kutha kwa imfa ndi kukhala limodzi ndi zidziwitso zomwe zinapangidwa m'chifaniziro chathu ndi maonekedwe athu, kokha ndi chidziwitso cha algorithmic chomwe chidzagonjetsa malire athu ndikumaliza kutilamulira, kuthana ndi chifuniro chathu. Kulankhula za m'tsogolo nthawi zonse wakhala mfundo yomvetsa chisoni yomwe pamapeto pake yagonjetsedwa mu maphunziro apitalo kupanga miyeso yosatheka. M’mawu ena, takhala tikudzigonjetsa tokha nthawi zonse.
Koma pa nthawiyi zikuoneka kuti akhoza kukhala wotsimikiza. Ndi ntchito m'manja mwa ma automatons opatsidwa nzeru zonse zomwe zimatha kudziwonetsera ngati chinthu chosokoneza cha chisinthiko chathu. Mwina zaluso ndi umunthu, monga chinthu chosiyanitsa, ndiye pothawirapo potsiriza ...
Mabuku ena ovomerezeka a Yuval Noah Harari
Nexus: Mbiri yachidule ya maukonde azidziwitso kuyambira nthawi yamiyala mpaka AI
Harari sawopa lingaliro lofuna kutchuka kwambiri, lochititsa khungu lucidity pamene cholinga chayikidwa pa zotsutsana zaumunthu. Kulakalaka muyaya wolonjezedwa womwe pang'onopang'ono umawoneka ngati mthunzi wamba, kumvetsetsa chifukwa cha ziro pafupifupi chilichonse… Ndipo komabe chinthucho chili ndi kukongola kwake. Kwa zotsalira za kukayikira zomwe zingakhalepo, chifukwa cha kufika kwa lingaliro lakale lomwe limasunga zotsimikizika ndi ukapolo wakale ku mitundu ina ya njira zochepa zomveka.
Ku Nexus, Harari amayang'ana umunthu kuchokera ku mbiri yakale kuti aunike momwe maukonde azidziwitso adapangira komanso kusapanga dziko lathu lapansi. Pazaka 100.000 zapitazi, ife sapiens tapeza mphamvu zambiri. Koma, ngakhale zonse zapezedwa, zopanga ndi zomwe tachita, tsopano tikukumana ndi vuto lomwe liripo: dziko lapansi latsala pang'ono kugwa, zabodza zachuluka ndipo tikuyandikira zaka za AI. ndi mtundu wodziwononga?
Kutengera zitsanzo zochititsa chidwi za mbiri yakale, kuyambira nthawi ya Stone Age, kudzera m'Baibulo, mpaka kukasaka mfiti zamakono, mpaka ku Stalinism ndi Nazism, mpaka kuyambiranso kwa anthu masiku ano, Harari amatipatsa njira yowunikira kuti tifufuze maubwenzi ovuta omwe alipo. pakati pa chidziwitso ndi choonadi, maofesi ndi nthano, ndi nzeru ndi mphamvu.
Imaunika momwe madera osiyanasiyana ndi ndale zagwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso kukwaniritsa zolinga zawo ndikukhazikitsa bata, zabwino ndi zoyipa. Ndipo imadzutsa zosankha zachangu zomwe tikuyang'anizana nazo lerolino, pamene nzeru zosakhala zaumunthu zikuwopseza moyo wathu.
Information si mfundo yogwira ntchito ya choonadi; kapena chida wamba. Nexus imayang'ana chiyembekezo chapakati pakati pazovuta izi.
Osaimitsidwa: Diary ya momwe tidagonjetsera Dziko Lapansi
Panthawi imeneyi, chisinthiko sichingakhale chinthu chonyadira nacho. Zasonyezedwa kuti zathu sizowona za nthawi yayitali. Ndipo pamene pulaneti la buluu limataya mtundu, nkhani ya luntha monga mtengo wapamwamba, imasiya kukhala yomveka. Koma panali nthawi zina pamene chirichonse chinkawoneka bwino mkati mwa lamulo lachilengedwe lomwe silimayendera limodzi ndi theka la miyeso ponena za kusankha ndi kulamulira ...
Kodi mumadziwa kuti anthu onse ali ndi mphamvu zoposa? Kuchokera kumapiri a ku Africa kupita ku mapiri oundana a Greenland, anthufe timalamulira dziko lapansi. Koma kodi tazipeza bwanji? Mikango ndi yamphamvu kuposa ife, ma dolphin amasambira bwino, ndipo tilibe mapiko!
Kupyolera muulendo wosangalatsawu wazaka mamiliyoni ambiri, mupeza kuti mphamvu zazikuluzikuluzi ndi ziti zomwe zimatipangitsa kukhala osaimitsidwa. Ndani ananena kuti mbiri ya anthu inali yotopetsa? Njoka, zimphona zazikulu, Mzimu wa Mkango Waukulu, chala cha mtsikana yemwe anakhalako zaka 50.000 zapitazo ... Dziwani zinsinsi za chiyambi cha umunthu ndikufufuza muzochitika zazikulu komanso zenizeni: zathu, za anthu onse.
