Mabuku atatu abwino kwambiri a Vladimir Nabokov

Nanga bwanji Nabokov Zinali zitalengezedwa kale ngati zachikondi ndi mabuku omwe amamasulidwa ndi chilankhulo. Chingerezi, Chifalansa ndi Chirasha ndizilankhulo zomwe amatha kuyenda mosadalira. Zachidziwikire, kuchokera pakubadwa bwino ndikosavuta kuphunzira zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana ... Koma bwerani, ena omwe ali ndi chilankhulo cha amayi amatumikiridwa ...

Ntchito yofotokoza ya Nabokov imakhalanso ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yojambula yomwe imatha kuyambira pazolakwitsa kwambiri komanso zotsutsana mpaka malingaliro osavomerezeka. Kutha kapena cholinga chazosangalatsa za zolembedwazo, pomwe pamakhala kufunitsitsa kwamphamvu, chidwi cha fanolo, chisangalalo cha chilankhulo ngati chingwe chotumizira ku mtundu wa zolemba.

Ndicho chifukwa chake Nabokov sanasiye konse. Ngakhale pang'ono pokha polemba zolemba zake mkatikati mwa zaka makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri adabatizidwa, kwakukulu, pamakhalidwe osasunthika. Osachepera m'magulu apamwamba omwe amafunabe kudula magawo onse azikhalidwe.

M'machitidwe ake ophunzitsira, Nabokov ayenera kuti anali mphunzitsi wopanda ulemu, ngati uja wa mu kanema The Club of Dead Poets. Ndipo atangofotokoza momwe amawonera zolemba m'makalasi kapena pamisonkhano, adamaliza kumanga ndikulemba mabuku ake onse.

Chifukwa chake ulendo pakati pamasamba olembedwa ndi Nabokov ukhoza kukhala wopindulitsa kwambiri kapena pang'ono. Koma kusayanjanitsika sikudzakhala cholemba chomaliza chomwe mungachotse.

Ma Novel Oyendetsedwa Ndi Vladimir Nabokov

Lolita

Potenga umboni kuchokera kwa a Marquis de Sade omwe, Nabokov adapereka bukuli lomwe lingasokoneze ndikudabwitsa aliyense. Kodi kupotoza ndi kuyera zingakhale pamodzi ndi anthu omwewo? Masewera otsutsana aumunthu ndi mfundo yabwino kwa wolemba aliyense yemwe angayerekeze kufotokoza nkhani yopanda tanthauzo lililonse.

Nabokov adalimba mtima, adavala chigoba chake, adadziletsa ndipo adadzimasulira pamalingaliro ndi malingaliro omveka pamutu waukulu wachikondi ... Mwina lero bukuli litha kuwerengedwa mwachilengedwe, koma mu 1955 linali chipwirikiti.

Chidule: Nkhani yakukonda kwambiri kwa Humbert Humbert, mphunzitsi wazaka makumi anayi, wa Lolita wazaka khumi ndi ziwiri ndi buku lachilendo lachikondi momwe zinthu ziwiri zophulika zimalowererapo: kukopa "kwachinyengo" kwa nymphs ndi pachibale.

Ulendo wopenga misala ndi imfa, womwe umatha ndi chiwawa chojambulidwa kwambiri, chofotokozedwa, zonse zodzinyenga komanso mawu osalamulirika, wolemba Humbert Humbert. Lolita ndichithunzi chojambulidwa cha America, zowopsa zam'mizinda, komanso pulasitiki ndi chikhalidwe cha motel.

Mwachidule, chiwonetsero chodabwitsa cha talente ndi nthabwala ndi wolemba yemwe adavomereza kuti akadakonda kujambula zithunzi za Lewis Carroll.
Lolita ndi Nabokov

Moto wotuwa

Pokhala ndi mawonekedwe osasinthika, bukuli limatibweretsera kuyandikira kwa zolembalemba, zokongoletsa kwambiri kuposa chiwembucho, kuthekera kopeza zithunzi kuposa kuthana ndi mfundo yofotokozera. Buku loseketsa komanso loseketsa, kuyitanira ku luso lakulenga lomwe tonsefe tingawonetse, ngati tidziyika tokha.

Chidule: Moto wotuwa imaperekedwa ngati ndakatulo yayitali yolembedwa ndi John Shade, ulemerero wa zilembo zaku America, atatsala pang'ono kuphedwa. Inde, bukuli lili ndi ndakatulo yomwe yatchulidwayi, kuphatikiza mawu oyamba, cholembedwa chambiri kwambiri komanso cholozera cholemba kuchokera kwa mkonzi, Pulofesa Charles Kinbote Asanamwalire, komanso ku ufumu wakutali wa Zembla, womwe adayenera kusiya mwachangu, Kinbote amatsata chithunzi chodzikongoletsa, momwe amadzipereka kuti ndi munthu wosalolera komanso wodzikuza, wolimba mtima komanso wopotoka, mtedza wowona komanso wowopsa.

Mwanjira imeneyi, titha kunena kuti Pálido fuego ndi buku lachilendo, momwe owerenga amafunsidwa kuti azichita ngati ofufuza.

Moto wotuwa

Pni

Pulofesa Pnin mwina ndi lingaliro la kugonjetsedwa ndi kutopa kwa munthu mwadala, wa munthu yemwe adayambitsidwa mu luso lapamwamba la kuphunzitsa, mpaka atatha kumeza ndi nihilism ndi inertia wachisoni wopanda kanthu. kulemera kwa zenizeni, za dziko limene silikuzunguliranso pansi pa mapazi a Pnin, limamuvutitsa ndi kutsimikiza mtima kuwoneka kosafikirika kwa iye.

Adani owawa kwambiri a Pnin osaneneka komanso osasangalala ndi zovuta zachilendo zamakono: magalimoto, zida zamagetsi ndi makina ena omwe, kwa iye, samamupangitsa kuti moyo ukhale wosavuta kwa iye. Komanso zofuna zazing'ono komanso kusachita bwino pakati pa anzawo, gulu la aphunzitsi ang'onoang'ono omwe amayesa kupirira kwake kopanda malire. Kapenanso madokotala amisala omwe mkazi wake amasunthira pakati, mkazi yemwe samamukonda koma yemwe amakhalabe wosasunthika komanso wachikondi.

Chifukwa chake, pamapeto pake, Pnin wonyozedwayo amawoneka ngati munthu wankhanza, wokhalapo pakati pa kusakhazikika kwamakampani, yekhayo amene adatsalira ulemu waumunthu.

Nabokov akukhalitsa dziko lapansi kotero kuti, monga wosamukira kudziko lina, adakumana ndi mavuto, ndipo nthawi zambiri samamuwona ali womasuka, wokondwa kwambiri polemba, wokhoza kupereka chisangalalo chomwe, ngakhale adanong'oneza bondo, zidamupatsa zosavuta Kukhala wamoyo.
UNIN, Nabokov

Mabuku ena osangalatsa a Nabokov…

Tinaitanidwa kukadula mutu

Zopusa za moyo, zomwe zidapezeka makamaka munthawi zomwe nsalu ikufuna kutsika. Cincinnatus, munthu wotsutsidwa, akukumana ndi zenizeni za moyo womwe wamanga, otchulidwa omwe amuperekeza akuyandikira kwa iye munthawi zomaliza izi. Bukuli limandikumbutsa chiwonetsero cha Truman, kokha ndikusintha kwamalingaliro. Poterepa, ndi Cincinnatus yekha yemwe amavumbulutsa zabodza zadziko lapansi, pomwe ena omuzungulira akupitilizabe kusewera ...

Chidule: Cincinnatus C. ndi mkaidi wachinyamata yemwe aweruzidwa kuti aphedwe chifukwa cha mlandu wosaneneka komanso wosadziwika womwe adzadulidwe. Mkati mwa chipinda chake chaching'ono, Cincinnatus akuyembekezera nthawi yakuphedwa kwake ngati kuti kwatha kutha kwadzidzidzi.

Kuyendera pafupipafupi kwa woyang'anira ndende, wamkulu wa ndendeyo, mwana wake wamkazi, woyandikana naye m'ndendemo, mtsikana wochokera ku Cincinnatus ndi banja lake lopanda nzeru kumangowonjezera kukhudzidwa kwa protagonist kwachisoni ndi kusowa chochita, omwe amawona momwe nthawi yawo ikutha, momwe Nthawi yochita zisudzo ndi otchulidwa omwe akuwoneka kuti akumvera zitsogozo zopangidwa mwankhanza komanso zosewerera amatha. Lingaliro lazosamveka, masewera komanso kusazindikira kwa dziko lapansi zimapeza milingo yayikulu mu Mlendo kukhala mutu, buku lokhumudwitsa , lolembedwa mu 1935.

Kuitanidwa kukadulidwa mutu

mfumu, dona, valet

“Nyama yauzimu imeneyi ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri m’mabuku anga,” anatero Nabokov ponena za “Mfumu, Dona, Valet,” nthano imene mnyamata wosaona zachifupi, wachigawo, wamwano, ndiponso wopanda nthabwala anatulukira m’paradaiso wozizira wa okwatirana. a Berlin olemera kumene.

Mkazi amanyengerera watsopanoyo ndikumupanga kukhala wokondedwa wake. Posakhalitsa, amamukakamiza kuti ayese kuthetsa mwamuna wake. Iyi ndi njira yowoneka yophweka ya mabuku apamwamba kwambiri, mwinamwake, a mabuku olembedwa ndi Nabokov. Koma, kuseri kwa chiphunzitso chodziwika bwino ichi, kusokonezeka kwaukadaulo kodabwitsa kumabisika, ndipo, koposa zonse, chithandizo chapadera chomwe chimatsogozedwa ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu.

Lofalitsidwa koyambirira ku Berlin chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX ndi kukonzanso mozama ndi Nabokov pa nthawi ya kumasulira kwake kwa Chingerezi kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XNUMX, "King, Lady, Valet" akuwonetsa chikoka champhamvu cha German expressionism, makamaka filimu , ndipo ili ndi zowonongeka zenizeni zakuda. nthabwala. Nabokov amanyoza anthu ake, kuwasandutsa ma automatons, kuwaseka mokweza, kuwajambula ndi zikwapu zazikulu zomwe siziwalepheretsa kukhala ndi malingaliro omwe amapereka chithandizo chokhazikika ku buku lonselo.

Diso

Nkhani yodabwitsa yomwe idakhazikitsidwa m'malo omwe amapezeka m'mabuku oyamba a Nabokov, chilengedwe chotsekedwa cha kusamuka kwa Russia ku Germany isanachitike Hitler. Pakati pa ma bourgeoisie owunikiridwa komanso ochokera kunja, Smurov, protagonist wa nkhaniyi ndi kudzipha kokhumudwitsa, nthawi zina ndi kazitape wa Bolshevik ndipo nthawi zina ngwazi yankhondo yapachiweniweni; mwatsoka mchikondi tsiku lina ndi gay lotsatira.

Chifukwa chake, pamaziko achinsinsi (momwe ziwonetsero ziwiri zosaiŵalika zikuwonekera, modabwitsa Nabokovian: wa wogulitsa mabuku Weinstock akukopa mizimu ya Mohammed, Kaisara, Pushkin ndi Lenin, ndi nkhani yowopsa ya Smurov yothawa ku Russia), Nabokov. imapanga nkhani yomwe imapita patsogolo kwambiri, chifukwa chovuta kuululika ndi cha munthu yemwe amatha kusintha mtundu wake pafupipafupi ngati nyali. Orgy of chisokonezo, kuvina kwa zidziwitso, kukondwerera tsinzini, "Diso" ndi buku lalifupi losokoneza komanso losangalatsa la Nabokov.

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