zapita kale Milan kundera, kapena kuti ntchito yake, ndinangotsala pang'ono kutayika m'laibulale ya makolo anga. Amenewo anali masiku anga aunyamata amene mabuku anayamba kukhala zambiri kuposa zinthu zokongoletsera.
Kupepuka Kovuta Kwa Kukhala adakhala a ntchito yoyambira pakukhalapo kwachinyamata. Mwana ameneyo yemwe ndinali nditayamba kuwona mafunso olemera omwe amalipidwa ndi kupepuka kwa msinkhu wodzipereka ku zinthu zina ...
M'moyo wamatsenga womwe uti udziwike, munthu waku Czech uyu adawonekera, katswiri weniweni yemwe nthawi zonse adzaphonya pamlingo wa a Jose Luis Sampedro, kufunafuna kufanana kwa dziko pakudutsa ziwembu zake.
Osaiwalika Kundera ndi mafunso ake poyamba ongolankhula kuti pamapeto pake anapeza yankho anakwaniritsidwa, yankho kuti poyera inu maliseche pamaso panu nascent kukayikira zimene kukhalapo, zimene ndi kukwaniritsa chidutswa cha moyo wosakhoza kufa mu cadence masekondi propitious kwa izo.
Mosakayikira wolemba wapadera kwambiri kwa ine yemwe udindo wake wa mabuku atatu ofunikira (omwe akulimbikitsidwa kwambiri), adadziwika ndi kuwerenga koyamba komwe kwatchulidwa kale.
Mabuku Apamwamba Atatu Omwe Akulimbikitsidwa ndi Milan Kundera
Kupepuka Kovuta Kwa Kukhala
Buku lomwe lingafike pamapeto ongopeka limodzi ndi ena ambiri pamasankhidwe omaliza a mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi. Kumene kupepuka kosapiririkako komwe kumalengezedwa ndi mutuwo kwadziwika kwambiri ndi chikondi, kapena m'malo osweka mtima otsatirawa omwe amamva kuti sangathe kuyambiranso zomwe zinali.
Kusakaniza chikondi ndi filosofi kuli ngati kuphatikiza chilakolako ndi kulingalira, kutha kuzifotokoza ndichinthu chofanana ndi kulemba za kukhalapo konse kwa umunthu. Ndipo kuchokera pamalingaliro osavuta komanso ochepera ndi bukuli lomwe ndawonetsa kale: Nthawi yake kapena kukhalapo kwake.
Yesetsani kukwaniritsa maloto kapena kudzidzimutsa mu matsenga a nthawi yomwe idutsa. Miyeso yosatheka yongokhala. Simudzapeza buku lokhala ndi malingaliro anzeru omwe amakupatsani mwayi wopezera malingaliro opepuka kwambiri, omwe akukonzekera kukhalapo kwa malingaliro athu ndi dziko lathu lapansi ngati lingaliro losagawanika.
Kusakhoza kufa
Ndikhala ndikulosera, zodziwikiratu kwambiri. Koma ndikuti ntchito zazikulu zimakhala ndi zokambirana zovuta. Ndipo ngati abwera awiriawiri, ndiye kuti mapeto ake ndi mwamwayi chomwe chimakhazikitsa malo oyamba ndi achiwiri.
Kuchokera mu bukuli ndimasunga lingaliro la Agnes. Chithunzi cha mkazi yemwe amafunsira nkhaniyi, yemwe akuwoneka kuti akuchita zambiri koma akungoyesa kukuwonetsani kusafa kwamphamvuyi. Nthawi yomwe akuyang'ana iwe ndi nthawi yeniyeni yomwe akutsanzika. Agnes amadziwika nthawi kuyambira pano mpaka muyaya.
Ndizokhudza kuphunzira kuzindikira zithunzithunzi zomwe zimayimitsa dziko lathu kuti lifike ku Olympus ya milungu yonse, tisanapondereze ndikumira m'chigwacho.
Ndipo kachiwiri filosofi, nzeru za malingaliro olemekezeka m'mbiri yakale omwe anasiya nthawi ina kuti aganizire za chisomo cha manja. Nzeru zakumadzulo zopeza kuti palibe chomwe chimadziwika matsenga akachitika.
Monga wotsutsana ndi mbiriyakale, timakumana ndi Pulofesa Avenarius, wokhoza kusiya malo ake omwalira kuti azikumbukiranso ndikuyesera kupusa kukweza kukongola kwa ephemeral.
Katani
Zolinga za Kundera zokhala ndi mabuku ngati njira yodziwira nzeru zake padziko lapansi. Funso lakale loti ndichifukwa chiyani kulembedwa kuli koyenera m'mbiri ya zolemba palokha, ndikumverera kosafa m'machitidwe ndi olemba akulu.
"Luso lokhalo la bukuli ndi lomwe lingathe kuwononga nthawi yomweyo chinsalu cha tsankho ndi matanthauzidwe omwe sitingathe kumasulira moyo wathu komanso mbiri yonse ya anthu.
Kuphatikiza apo, mwina bukuli ndi malo owonera omaliza omwe amatilola kuvomereza kukhalapo kwa anthu onse ndiku "wona moyo wazinthu. "
Wolemba mabuku komanso wolemba nkhani Milan Kundera akutiitanira pa nsalu yotchinga kuti titenge nawo mbali pazokambirana zachinsinsi pakati pa mayina akulu azikhalidwe zaku Western.
Ntchito zina zimawunikira ena, olemba amapeza zachilendo mwa omwe adawatsogolera, zomwe zithandizira olowa m'malo awo m'njira zosiyanasiyana: Rabelais, Cervantes, Diderot, Fielding, Flaubert, Joyce, Kafka, GarcÃa Márquez ... Zotsatira zake ndizochepa ndi 'zolemba' zingapo zomwe Kundera amagawana ndi owerenga komanso mbiri yakale yowunikira mabuku.
Mabuku ena ovomerezeka a Milan Kundera
Kumadzulo kobedwa
Poganizira za Kundera m'modzi mwa olemba anzeru kwambiri aku Europe azaka za zana la XNUMX, kuyesera kubwezeretsanso malingaliro azamakhalidwe azaka za m'ma XNUMX aku Europe popanda kumuwerengera kudzakhala kusiya mabuku onse omwe ali ndi mbiri yeniyeni ya zochitika. Ndipo monga momwe zimachitikira ndi zomwe zimalembedwa ndi malingaliro odziwika ngati a Kundera, kupezanso zolemba zina kumatanthauza kupezedwa kwa maulosi odzikwaniritsa okha muzinthu ndi mawonekedwe ...
Chikhalidwe cha Czechoslovakia m'zaka za m'ma 1967 chinali champhamvu modabwitsa: zolemba, zisudzo ndi makanema amawonetsa zachilendo komanso zosiyanasiyana, mosiyana kwambiri ndi kuwonongeka kwa ndale komanso kuwukiridwa koopsa. Ntchitoyi ili ndi zolemba ziwiri za wanzeru waku Czech: zolankhula zake pamaso pa Congress of Writers mu XNUMX, momwe adalimbikitsira molimba mtima kudziyimira pawokha kwa chikhalidwe ndi ufulu wa olenga, ndi Kumadzulo kobedwa (1983), nkhani yayitali yomwe panthawiyo idayambitsa mkangano wandale m'mabuku akulu azikhalidwe ku Europe.
Pankhani ya dziko lake laling'ono, pakati pa ulamuliro wankhanza wa chikomyunizimu, wolemba akudabwa za kulemera kwa barbarism m'mbiri ndi moyo wa anthu, ndi m'njira premonitory, akuchenjeza za kuopseza Russia (ndiye Union Union). Soviet) motsutsana ndi Europe yonse.
