M'mabuku achi Russia timapeza olemba okhaokha. Pakati pa Chekhov, Dostoevsky, wamasiku ake Tolstoy ndi zake Gorki adatha kulemba nkhani ndipo Mabuku omwe adafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri polemba nkhani zapadziko lonse lapansi. Onsewa, mwanjira ina, adalemba pantchito yawo yonse kulingalira kopambana kosayerekezeka m'dziko lomwe lasintha kusintha kwachuma, kukwezedwa pandale komanso kusintha kwamakhalidwe kapena chipembedzo.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti nthawi zovuta zomwe zidakhala ku Russia pakati pa zaka za zana la XNUMX ndi XNUMX, zitha kukondera nkhani yodzaza, yovuta, yamalingaliro, yadzaoneni pamikhalidwe yazovuta za anthu, yomwe idakulirakulira kufuna kupereka liwu ku dziko lotsekedwa ndi Tsarism poyambirira komanso posintha pambuyo pake.
Pankhani ya Maxim Gorky, ndi buku lake Amayi zofananazo zimachitika kwa Dostoevsky ndi Upandu ndi Chilango kapena Tolstoy wokhala ndi Nkhondo ndi Mtendere. Zinali zonena nkhaniyi kudzera mwa otchulidwa omwe amatha kuphatikiza malingaliro a anthu omwe adalangidwa kale komanso omwe miyoyo yawo idakhala mwamantha, kulimba mtima komanso chiyembekezo chakusintha komwe pamapeto pake kudali koipitsitsa, chifukwa chilombocho chikasowa chilombo china kuti chimalize kugonjetsedwa, kukakamira kumatha kukhala lamulo lokhalo lomwe lachokera pamkangano.
Zolemba zochepa kwambiri ndizomwe zimakhala zolimba kuposa momwe amawerengera olemba aku Russia awa. Mwa Gorky, nthawi zonse ndi mfundo zotsimikizira ndale, ngakhale kuyambira pachiyambi chake limodzi ndi Lennin ndikubwerera ku mbali ya Stalin, mosakayikira adayimira kudzuka kwa sizingatheke kusintha komwe malingaliro ake adatenga nawo gawo mwachangu. Pali ena omwe akuti m'masiku ake omaliza adazunzidwa m'thupi lake kuponderezedwa kwa Stalinist komwe analibe njira ina yabwino yoti akumane nayo ...
Mabuku atatu apamwamba ovomerezedwa ndi Máximo Gorki
Amayi
Monga tikudziwira, anthu aku Russia adakumana ndi mavuto andale mzaka za XNUMXth ndi XNUMXth. Dziko lokongola lidasandulika dziko la Marxism moyang'anizana ndi chisangalalo komanso chisokonezo chaulamuliro wa a Tsars.
Zachidziwikire, omwe adavutika kwambiri ndi mikangano iliyonse anali anthuwo. Ndipo kuchokera ku tawuniyo chithunzi cha mayi wa nkhaniyi chimabadwa, mwina mayi wa amayi onse, wokulirapo kuposa mayi wa Mulungu mwini. Pelagia amakhala mwamantha, moyo wake umagonjera zomwe amuna ake amachita komanso ndale.
Koma mwamuna wake akamwalira, Pelagia akudzutsa kuzindikira kuti mantha ndi lingaliro lokhalo lomwe lingagonjetsedwe ngati mungaganize kuti palibe chomwe chingakhale choyipa kuposa imfa m'moyo.
Mwana wake wamwamuna Pavel akumvanso kumasulidwa kwa abambo ndikuyamba kuwonetsa motsutsana ndi malingaliro komanso kusowa kwaufulu. Siberia amakhala malo omaliza omwe mayi ndi mwana amakumana nawo pakati pa zowawa zam'mthupi ndi kumasulidwa kwa nkhondo yawo yomwe sakukayikira kuti iphukira kukhala chinthu chabwino.
Osowa pokhala
Gorky, monga mnzake Chekhov, adalimbikitsanso nkhaniyi ndi cholinga chofutukula malingaliro ake ndi nkhani zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimafanana ndi zopanda chilungamo, kusiyana kwamagulu, njala, mantha, kuzizira komanso kuwononga anthu wamba.
Pankhani ya Gorki, zambiri zomwe zalembedwa zimakhudzana ndi zokumana nazo zakuthupi. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatenga mitundu ingapo ya nkhani yofotokoza mwachidule.
Ngakhale kufotokozaku sikufika pabwino kwa Chekhov, wokhoza kunjenjemera munkhani yake yayifupi, ndizowona kuti zimabweretsa zowona zambiri zomwe zimatipatsa chikondi chomwe otayika amangofunika kupambana ...
Sungani
Chikondi chayambanso kumvetsetsa koopsa komanso kwakusangalatsa kwa Russia koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la XNUMX. Ndi malingaliro abwinobwino a Gorki, otsimikiza kufotokozera tsatanetsatane ndi malingaliro aliwonse omwe angasinthe gawo lililonse kuti likhale lathunthu m'malingaliro a owerenga, Malva, mayi yemwe bambo ndi mwana wawo amamukonda, akuwulula nkhaniyi ndikutsitsimuka kwa chikondi chopepuka komanso chosaganizira ena pomwe umunthu wa omwe amawakonda udetsedwa, mpaka pomwe malingaliro akuti mwina patricide awonekere pachiwembucho ngati njira yokhayo yothetsera chisankho.
Chifukwa bambo wachikondi amatha kuthana ndi chilichonse kuti akhale ndi mkaziyo. kusungulumwa komanso matenda amisala.
