Akatswiri achi Portuguese Jose Saramago adalemba ngati wolemba zongopeka ndi njira yake yofotokozera zenizeni zandale komanso zandale ku Portugal ndi Spain pansi pa prism yosintha koma yodziwika. Zomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwaluso ngati nthano zopitilira muyeso ndi zifanizo, nkhani zolemera komanso anthu otsogola kwambiri opulumutsidwa kudziko lapansi omwe agonjetsedwa. Omvera olamulira mwankhanza monga Salazar, ku Tchalitchi, zofuna zachuma ...
Fatalism koma mosakayikira cholinga chodziwitsa anthu ndikusintha. Mabuku owuluka kwambiri okhala ndi ukoma waukulu wopereka nkhani zopatsa chidwi m'lingaliro lenileni pomwe zimatsogolera ku kuganiza mozama, kudzutsa makalasi otayika nthawi zonse chifukwa, zisanachitike, poyang'anizana ndi kusintha kwachinyengo kapena kusintha kwa masks, popanda zina zambiri.
Koma monga ndidanenera, kuwerenga Saramago kumatha kukhala kosangalatsa kwa aliyense wokonda zolemba zosangalatsa, kungoti mumthunzi wa wolemba uyu palinso, kuwonjezera pa nkhani zamoyo, zokongoletsa zokongola komanso mbiri yomwe imagwirizana nthawi zonse ndi ndale ndi chikhalidwe pamalingaliro ake otakata.
Mabuku 3 ovomerezeka a José Saramago
Chaka chomwalira cha Ricardo Reis
Saramago amatembenukira ku imodzi mwamatchulidwe odziwika bwino a Pessoa kuti athetse imfa ya wolemba ndakatulo wanzeru. Pamene Pessoa akuchoka padziko lapansi, Ricardo Reis akufika ku Portugal. Chithunzicho ndi chowala kwambiri, ndipo m'manja mwa Saramago malingaliro ofotokozerawo amafika pamtunda wopeka.
Wolembayo sanafe mu ntchito yake, mu mawonekedwe ake, mu heteronym yake. Masewera opitilira, kufunikira kwa magwero akulu akudzoza, anzeru, kuti asathe.
Chidule: Kumapeto kwa 1935, pomwe a Fernando Pessoa anali atangomwalira kumene, sitima ya ku England, a Highland Brigade, idafika padoko la Lisbon, pomwe Ricardo Reis, m'modzi mwa maulemu a wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu wachipwitikizi, adachoka ku Brazil. M'miyezi isanu ndi inayi yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya Europe, pomwe nkhondo ku Spain idayambika ndipo kulowererapo kwa Italy ku Abyssinia, tiona gawo lomaliza la moyo wa Ricardo Reis, pokambirana ndi mzimu wa Fernando Pessoa yemwe akubwera kukamuyendera kuchokera kumanda nthawi zosayembekezereka.
Ndi nthawi ya zolembera za akasupe, mawailesi oyendetsa ndege, Achinyamata a Hitler, ma topolino, ku Lisbon ya Atlantic ndi mvula yomwe mlengalenga umakhala wolimba mtima pazosangalatsa izi.
Chaka chakumwalira kwa Ricardo Reis ndikusinkhasinkha kopindulitsa, kudzera mwa wolemba ndakatulo ndi mzinda, tanthauzo la nyengo yonse.
Nkhani pa khungu
Chimodzi mwazithunzi zokongola komanso zozizira m'mabuku apadziko lonse lapansi. Yemwe titha kumuwona ngati chinthu chachikulu pamalingaliro monga chowonadi cha zomwe zimaperekedwa kwa ife kuchokera ku mphamvu.
Palibe wakhungu wina kuposa yemwe safuna kuwona, monga akunena. Madontho ochepa akudzidzimutsa, malingaliro osangalatsa otsegulira maso athu ndikutikakamiza kuti tiwone, tiwone ndikukhala otsutsa.
Chidule: Mwamuna ataima pa nyali yofiira mwadzidzidzi khungu. Imeneyi ndi nthawi yoyamba ya "khungu loyera" lomwe limakulitsa m'njira yonse. Atsekeledwa pobisalira kapena kutayika mumzinda, akhungu adzakumana ndi zomwe ndizachikale kwambiri mikhalidwe yaumunthu: kufuna kupulumuka mulimonse.
Zolemba pa Khungu ndi zopeka za wolemba yemwe amatichenjeza za "udindo wokhala ndi maso pomwe ena adataya." José Saramago akutsata m'buku lino chithunzi chowopsa komanso chosangalatsa cha nthawi yomwe tikukhalamoyi.
M'dziko loterolo, kodi padzakhala chiyembekezo chilichonse? Wowerenga adziwa zokumana nazo zapadera. Panthawi yomwe mabuku ndi nzeru zimadutsana, José Saramago amatikakamiza kuti tiime, titseke maso, kuti tiwone. Kubwezeretsanso chidwi ndi kupulumutsa chikondi ndi malingaliro awiri ofunikira omwe akuwonetsanso za chikondi ndi mgwirizano.
Phanga
Zosintha, nthawi iliyonse zosinthazi sizimachitika mwanjira yothamanga kwambiri, popanda kuthekera koti ziyankhe. Zosintha makamaka m'magulu azikhalidwe, kuntchito, m'njira yolumikizirana ndi oyang'anira, munjira yolumikizirana nafe. Pazosintha komanso za kudzipatula kwake.
Chidule: Miphika yaying'ono, malo akuluakulu ogulitsira. Dziko lomwe latsala pang'ono kuzimiririka, lina lomwe limakula ndikuchulukirachulukira ngati masewera akalirole pomwe zikuwoneka kuti palibe malire achinyengo.
Tsiku lililonse mitundu yazinyama ndi zomera imazimitsidwa, tsiku lililonse pamakhala ntchito zomwe zimakhala zopanda ntchito, zilankhulo zomwe zimasiya kukhala ndi anthu omwe amazilankhula, miyambo yomwe imasowa tanthauzo, malingaliro omwe amasanduka otsutsana nawo.
Banja la owumba limawadziwa kuti sakufunikanso ndi dziko lapansi. Monga njoka yomwe imakanda khungu lake kuti ikule ndikudzanso ina yomwe pambuyo pake izidzakhala yaying'ono, malo ogulitsira malonda akuti kwa woumba mbiya: "Imfa, sindikukufunanso." Phanga, buku lowoloka zaka chikwi.
Ndi mabuku awiri am'mbuyomu ¿Essay on Blindness and All Names¿ buku latsopanoli limapanga katatu komwe wolemba amalemba masomphenya ake apadziko lapansi. José Saramago (Azinhaga, 1922) ndi m'modzi mwa olemba mabuku odziwika bwino ku Portugal padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira 1993 amakhala ku Lanzarote. Mu 1998 adalandira Mphotho ya Nobel ya Zolemba.
